Max Weber and the First World War: Protestant and Catholic living standards in Germany, 1914-1919

We assess informal institutions of Protestants and Catholics by investigating their economic resilience in a natural experiment. The First World War constitutes an exogenous shock to living standards since the duration and intensity of the war exceeded all expectations. We assess the ability of Protestant and Catholic communities to cope with increasing food prices and wartime black markets. Literature based on Weber (1904, 1905) suggests that Protestants must be more resilient than their Catholic peers. Using individual height data on some 2,800 Germans to assess levels of malnutrition during the war, we find that living standards for both Protestants and Catholics declined; however, the decrease of Catholics’ height was disproportionately large. Our empirical analysis finds a large statistically significant difference between Protestants and Catholics for the 1915–19 birth cohort, and we argue that this height gap cannot be attributed to socioeconomic background and fertility alone.

Max Weber and the First World War: Protestant and Catholic living standards in Germany, 1915-1919

We assess informal institutions of Protestants and Catholics by investigating their economic
resilience in a natural experiment. The First World War constitutes an exogenous shock to living standards since the duration and intensity of the war exceeded all expectations. We assess the ability of Protestant and Catholic communities to cope with increasing food prices and wartime black markets. Literature based on Weber (1904, 1905) suggests that Protestants must be more resilient than their Catholic peers. Using individual height data on some 2,800 Germans to assess levels of malnutrition during the war, we find that living standards for both Protestants and Catholics declined; however, the decrease of Catholics’ height was disproportionately large. Our empirical analysis finds a large statistically significant difference between Protestants and Catholics for the 1914-19 birth cohort, and we argue that this height gap cannot be attributed to socioeconomic background and fertility alone.

Violence against women in the Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921

This chapter examines the nature and extent of violence experienced by women in Ireland during the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) at the hands of both the Crown forces and the Irish Republican Army. It argues that targetted killings of women by either side was rare. The most common forms of such violence can be categorised as physical, gendered (cutting of hair) and psychological (intimidation and the killing of male relatives). It argues that there was a difference between gendered and sexual crime, the latter of which appears to have been very uncommon. A considerable part of the chapter uses theoretical literature on violence against women in conflict zones to explain why sexual violence was uncommon, arguing that neither side had much to gain from its employment, that the Crown forces were aware of the damage it could do to Britain's international reputation and that the terror tactics adopted by the Crown forces were sufficient to achieve their ends without resorting to rape. In regard to the IRA, the absence of any evidence of rape or sexual assault being perpetrated could be attributable to their Catholicism, reliance on support from the community, the efforts of the first Dáil to achieve foreign recognition of the Republic and the role of Cumann na mBan women in the guerrilla conflict. The historiography of women in the Irish revolution is also analysed.

Dissenting Exhibitions by Artists (1968-1998). Reframing Marxist Exhibition Legacy.

The goal of this thesis is to look at the critical and dissenting value of exhibitions through the examination of four cases studies, based on six exhibitions taking place between 1968 and 1998 in Latin and North America. The exhibitions belong to the history of modern and contemporary exhibitions and curating, a field of research and study that has only started to be written about in the last two decades. This investigation contributes to it, in its creation of new genealogies by connecting previously overlooked antecedents, or by proposing new relations within established lineages, at the intersection of a specific historiography; to address exhibitions, a tradition of artists acting as curators and an emerging history of curating. The examined exhibitions were put together by artists or artist collectives and were placed in a liminal position between artistic and curatorial practice. All the cases presented a distinct proposal in relation to art and social change, a fact that connects them, in their aims and modus operandi, to a Marxist and neo-Marxist critical and transformative legacy. The cases address the following connections: exhibition as political site (Tucumán Arde, 1968); exhibition as social space (The People’s Choice (Arroz con Mango), 1981); exhibition as encounter (Rooms with a view, We the People, Art/Artifact, 1987-88); and exhibition as an exchange situation (El Museo de la Calle, 1998-2001). Key to their analysis is the concept of dissensus, as put forward by Jacques Rancière. Within this theoretical framework, these exhibitions put into practice particular cases of dissensus in a given distribution of the sensible. All of them tried to deal with their thematic concerns by performing them as a praxis. They dissent with the way in which reality was formatted in their historical moment and challenge the exhibition medium itself opening new ways of doing and making in the exhibition field. Therefore, in this thesis the dissenting value of exhibitions is closely related to its main features as a medium, namely their temporality, heterogeneity and flexibility, which contribute to their potential for creative analysis and propositioning. In the case of these exhibitions, this capability is brought into play for institutional interrogation, for offering alternative cultural narratives and also for inspiring new imaginary realms.

Le roman québécois contemporain dans l'édition française (1975-1998)

La littérature québécoise a connu un engouement sans précédent dans les années soixante et soixante-dix auprès des critiques français, qui découvraient alors un corpus jeune et régénérant. Cette période prit fin avec la remise du prix Goncourt à Antonine Maillet pour Pélagie-la-Charrette, en 1979. Les années 1980 et 1990 allaient voir se succéder de nombreux écrivains sur la scène des lettres françaises, sans qu'aucun d'entre eux ne soit l'objet d'une réelle révélation outre-Atlantique. Les talents déjà consacrés allaient confirmer leur statut de représentants de cette littérature, d'autres ont réussi, ponctuellement, à s'attirer les faveurs de critiques influents. Ce mémoire a pour objectif majeur de mettre à jour la place qu'occupe le roman québécois intégré au champ éditorial français depuis 1975 d'une part, mais encore de définir l'horizon d'attente dont ce corpus est marqué. La première partie de l'étude sera consacrée à ceux des auteurs qui ont publié un ou plusieurs de leurs romans dans, l'Hexagone. L'étude de la réception critique du roman composera la seconde partie du mémoire."--Résumé abrégé par UMI.

La définition des noms d'arbres dans Le Petit Larousse (éditions 1997 et 1998) analyse de la pratique lexicographique et de son évolution

Notre étude s'insère dans le cadre d'un plus large projet de recherche portant sur le traitement lexicographique des noms d'espèces naturelles, dont l'un des objectifs généraux est de faire la lumière sur la pratique actuelle dans les dictionnaires usuels du français. Notre objet spécifique est le traitement définitoire des noms d'arbres dans Le Petit Larousse , qui est un dictionnaire d'orientation encyclopédique. Nous étudions et comparons deux éditions successives de ce dictionnaire (1997 et 1998), entre lesquelles la maison Larousse dit avoir fait une importante révision. Notre objectif est de décrire précisément la pratique observée, notamment en ce qui a trait à l'utilisation du modèle définitoire par inclusion, tout en faisant ressortir les modifications apportées dans la seconde édition pour rendre compte de l'orientation des travaux de révision. Nous adoptons l'approche méthodologique par segmentation qui a été développée au sein du projet de recherche auquel nous sommes associée [i.e. associés]. D'une part, celle-ci nous permet de décrire précisément la métalangue utilisée et de faire ressortir les principales variantes structurelles du modèle définitoire. D'autre part, elle nous permet de faire des bilans en ce qui a trait à la nature et à l'importance des modifications apportées.

Quel destin pour l'imaginaire épique et le héros guerrier dans l'écriture? Le témoignage de guerre au Québec de 1914 à nos jours

Cette thèse de doctorat, intitulée «Le récit personnel de guerre dans le Canada français/Québec du XXe siècle», est consacrée à l'étude du traitement de l'imaginaire épique et du héros guerrier dans plus d'une trentaine de témoignages de guerre d'expression française de 1914 à nos jours. Elle établit que le discours sur les combats qui s'y formule «retrouve spontanément le ton de l'épopée, langue maternelle du récit militaire héroïque, celle de l'Iliade » (Maurice RIEUNEAU, Guerre et révolution dans le roman français 1919-1939, Klincksieck, «Bibliothèque du XXe siècle», 1974, p. 157). Cette résilience épique et héroïque remarquable vaut pour toutes les époques. Fait à noter: même dans les récits contestataires, la contestation s'énonce en termes épiques, de héros qui poursuit son combat dans l'espace textuel. Voilà qui nuance quelque peu les résultats d'autres analyses, en particulier en Europe, où les spécialistes retiennent du XXe siècle: «Le récit de guerre [...] a périmé les plaisirs de l'épopée [...].» (Jean KAEMPFER, Poétique du récit de guerre, Paris, José Corti, 1998, p. 39). Avec la (post)modernité, l'épopée se réoriente. Dépassant le complexe du perdant qui marque plusieurs générations de francophones et les rend réceptifs aux valeurs de force et de virilité, le discours sort du repli sur soi, de l'isolement, de la solitude agressive pour pactiser avec l'ennemi juré (l'Allemand, le Japonais, mais aussi le Britannique, le Canadien anglais). Bref, l'identité, ébranlée par la différence, s'équilibre dans une démarche d'assainissement de la mémoire. L'affirmation progressive de soi se double d'une ouverture sur l'étranger, celui d'ailleurs et, à plus forte raison, d'ici.

CRIME IN SOUTH CAROLINA 1998

The South Carolina State Law Enforcement Division publishes Crime in South Carolina, an annual report that provides general information about crime trends, provides crime data at the county level for the most recent year available, compares national and state crime trends and provides descriptive information about crime.

Thurston County GIS Data 1998

UW access only. Questions about spatial data can be directed to uwlib-gis [at] uw [dot] edu, include the URI address below and any information you have.

Opera Workshop, Il Mondo Della Luna, November 10, 2008

Concert program for Opera Workshop, Il Mondo Della Luna, November 10, 2008

Il Mondo Della Luna, Autumn 2008

Concert program for Il Mondo Della Luna, Autumn 2008

A Europa no Mundo Entre as Guerras 1919-1939

O II Encontro A Europa no Mundo é dedicado ao estudo, análise, debate e interpretação das transformações políticas, económicas, sociais e culturais ocorridas na Europa durante o período entre guerras. Os textos compilados neste e-book correspondem a uma parte das comunicações apresentadas no Encontro, reflectem a investigação realizada e procuram constituir um ponto de partida para novas e mais aprofundadas reflexões.

Fotografia-História, o pensamento em imagens : Contributos para a leitura de «História da Imagem Fotográfica em Portugal, 1839-1997» (António Sena, 1998) como um hiperdocumento

Com esta investigação pretende-se caracterizar a relação indissociável entre História e Fotografia, reconhecendo as múltiplas formas de manipulação e respectivos mecanismos de hierarquização de poder, que não apenas determinam o desenvolvimento da sua produção, arquivo e recepção, como desvendam uma constelação de ligações disciplinares, técnicas e políticas que potenciam e moldam o seu sentido. Esta problemática é analisada no contexto português, a partir das práticas de exposição, publicação e colecção fotográfica e consequente ajuste do discurso teórico e crítico nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, adoptando como eixo de pesquisa o trabalho de investigação e historiografia desenvolvido entre 1973 e 1998 por António Sena e, especificamente, o modo como aplica a História (de um meio) como hiperdocumento. O filme Olho de Vidro, uma História da Fotografia (1982), realizado por António Sena e Margarida Gil, as iniciativas fotográficas desenvolvidas pela associação ether/vale tudo menos tirar olhos entre 1982 e 1994, a criação da base de dados Luzitânia/ ether pix database e as publicações Uma História de Fotografia (1991) e História da Imagem Fotográfica em Portugal, 1839-1997 (1998) da autoria de António Sena, formam o corpus do nosso estudo de caso.