924 resultados para Complementary Therapies
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A quadcopter is a helicopter with four rotors, which is mechanically simple device, but requires complex electrical control for each motor. Control system needs accurate information about quadcopters attitude in order to achieve stable flight. The goal of this bachelors thesis was to research how this information could be obtained. Literature review revealed that most of the quadcopters, whose source-code is available, use a complementary filter or some derivative of it to fuse data from a gyroscope, an accelerometer and often also a magnetometer. These sensors combined are called an Inertial Measurement Unit. This thesis focuses on calculating angles from each sensors data and fusing these with a complementary filter. On the basis of literature review and measurements using a quadcopter, the proposed filter provides sufficiently accurate attitude data for flight control system. However, a simple complementary filter has one significant drawback it works reliably only when the quadcopter is hovering or moving at a constant speed. The reason is that an accelerometer cant be used to measure angles accurately if linear acceleration is present. This problem can be fixed using some derivative of a complementary filter like an adaptive complementary filter or a Kalman filter, which are not covered in this thesis.
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Presence of surface glycoprotein in Piptocephalis virginiana that recognizes the host glycoproteins band c, reported earlier from our laboratory, was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. Germinated spores of P. virginiana treated with Mortierella pusilla cell wall protein extract, primary antibodies prepared against glycoproteins band c and FITC-goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugate showed fluorescence. This indicated that on the surfaces of the biotrophic mycoparasite P. virginiana , there might be a complementary molecule which recognizes the glycoproteins band c from M. pusilla. Immunobinding analysis identified a glycoprotein of Mr 100 kDa from the mycoparasite which binds with the host glycoproteins band c, separately as well as collectively. Purification of this glycoprotein was achieved by (i) 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, (ii) followed by heat treatment, and (iii) Sephadex G-IOO gel filtration. The glycoprotein was isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by cutting and elution. The purity of the protein was ascertained by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Positive reaction to periodic acid-Schiff reagent revealed the glycoprotein nature of this 100 kDa protein. Mannose was identified as a major sugar component of this glycoprotein by using a BoehringerMannheim Glycan Differentiation Kit. Electrophoretically purified glycoprotein was used to raIse polyclonal antibody in rabbit. The specificity of the antibody was determined by dot-immunobinding test and western-blot analysis. Immunofluorescence mIcroscopy revealed surface localization of the protein on the germ tube of Piptocephalis virginiana. Fluorescence was also observed at the surfaceJ of the germinated spores and hyphae of the host, M. pusilla after treatment with complementary protein from P. virginiana, primary antibody prepared against the complementary protein and FITC-goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugate.
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Thse numrise par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Universit de Montral.
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In this paper equienergetic self-complementary graphs on p vertices for every p = 4k; k 2 and p = 24t + 1; t 3 are constructed
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Antecedentes El dolor en neonatos ha sido un problema poco explorado. Se ha propuesto el uso de las terapias no farmacolgicas para su tratamiento, sin embargo existen pocas aproximaciones sistemticas para la evaluacin de su eficacia. Objetivos Determinar la eficacia de las terapias no farmacolgicas en el manejo del dolor en neonatos pretrmino a travs de una revisin sistemtica. Metodologa Se realiz una revisin sistemtica de la literatura para evaluar la eficacia de las terapias no farmacolgicas en el manejo del dolor en el recin nacido petrmino. La bsqueda se realiz a travs de las bases de datos Embase, Cochrane, Bireme y Embase. Se identificaron estudios publicados ingls y espaol. Se realiz un anlisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. Resultados Se incluyeron 10 ensayos clnicos. La solucin de sacarosa administrada por va oral mostr reducir la intensidad del dolor en el recin nacido. La intubacin y toma de muestras facilitada por el cuidador mostr tambin reducir la intensidad del dolor. Conclusin Se recomienda la administracin solucin de sacarosa y acompaamiento del cuidador durante los procedimientos como medidas para reducir el dolor en el recin nacido pretrmino.
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RESUMEN Antecedentes y Justificacin: El cncer de pulmn es la principal causa de muerte relacionada con Cncer en el mundo. El cncer pulmonar de clulas no pequeas (Non-Small-cell lung cancer NSCLC) representa el 85% de todos los cnceres de pulmn y en un 40% es diagnosticado tardamente y con los tratamientos disponibles actualmente (ciruga, radioterapia y quimioterapia) presenta una supervivencia a 5 aos entre el 10 y el 15%. En los ltimos aos han surgido nuevos tratamientos basados en la inmunoterapia que prometen mejorar la supervivencia de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la inmunoterapia en el tratamiento del cncer de pulmn de clulas no pequeas (NSCLC) con el fin de integrar la informacin disponible para su posterior uso en la clnica. Metodologa: Se realiz bsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura disponible del 1 de Enero de 2003 al 31 de Diciembre de 2013. Se examinaron las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Scielo, Medline, Lilacs, EMBASE, Bandolier, peDRO y Cochrane. Se utilizaron los trminos MeSH de bsqueda: immunotherapy, NSCLC, clinical trials. Resultados: de 163 referencias identificadas en las bases de datos, 12 fueron seleccionadas para la revisin. Se identificaron 11 estrategias inmunoteraputicas que fueron complementarias al uso de quimioterapia, radioterapia o ambas. No se encontr diferencia significativa entre la supervivencia global de los grupos de intervencin y controles con excepcin de 1 artculo. La mayora de efectos secundarios fueron de leves a moderados y no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Discusin: no se evidenci un aumento significativo de la supervivencia global con la utilizacin de inmunoterapias, a excepcin de la que emplea clulas asesinas inducidas por citocinas junto a clulas dendrticas. Sin embargo es necesario esperar resultados de estudios fase III en curso.
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In the present paper we discuss and compare two different energy decomposition schemes: Mayer's Hartree-Fock energy decomposition into diatomic and monoatomic contributions [Chem. Phys. Lett. 382, 265 (2003)], and the Ziegler-Rauk dissociation energy decomposition [Inorg. Chem. 18, 1558 (1979)]. The Ziegler-Rauk scheme is based on a separation of a molecule into fragments, while Mayer's scheme can be used in the cases where a fragmentation of the system in clearly separable parts is not possible. In the Mayer scheme, the density of a free atom is deformed to give the one-atom Mulliken density that subsequently interacts to give rise to the diatomic interaction energy. We give a detailed analysis of the diatomic energy contributions in the Mayer scheme and a close look onto the one-atom Mulliken densities. The Mulliken density A has a single large maximum around the nuclear position of the atom A, but exhibits slightly negative values in the vicinity of neighboring atoms. The main connecting point between both analysis schemes is the electrostatic energy. Both decomposition schemes utilize the same electrostatic energy expression, but differ in how fragment densities are defined. In the Mayer scheme, the electrostatic component originates from the interaction of the Mulliken densities, while in the Ziegler-Rauk scheme, the undisturbed fragment densities interact. The values of the electrostatic energy resulting from the two schemes differ significantly but typically have the same order of magnitude. Both methods are useful and complementary since Mayer's decomposition focuses on the energy of the finally formed molecule, whereas the Ziegler-Rauk scheme describes the bond formation starting from undeformed fragment densities
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El virus de l'hepatitis C (VHC) provoca una hepatitis crnica que afecta a ms de 170 milions de persones d'arreu del mn. s un virus petit que es classifica dins de la famlia Flaviviridae i s un virus d'RNA de cadena positiva amb un genoma d'aproximadament 9.600 nucletids. A l'extrem 5' del genoma viral s'hi troba una regi no codificant (5'NCR) que comprn els primers 341 nucletids i la seva funci est relaciona amb la traducci. Immediatament desprs hi ha una pauta de lectura oberta ORF que acaba en un nic cod d'aturada i codifica una poliprotena de 3.010 aminocids. A continuaci l'extrem 3' no codificant (3'NCR), que malgrat es desconeixen les seves funcions exactes, s'ha demostrat que s essencial per a la replicaci vrica. La nica poliprotena generada s processada co- i postraduccionalment mitjanant proteases de l'hoste i vriques, donant lloc a les protenes estructurals (Core, E1 i E2-p7) i no estructurals (NS2-NS5B). Igual que la majoria de virus RNA, el VHC es caracteritza per tenir una taxa de mutaci elevada. De fet, el genoma del virus no es pot definir com una nica seqncia sin per una poblaci de variants molt relacionades entre s. A aquesta manera d'organitzar la informaci gentica se l'anomena quasiespcie viral i una de les seves implicacions principals s la facilitat amb qu sorgeixen resistents al tractament. Els tractaments disponibles sn llargs, cars, provoquen efectes secundaris considerables i noms es resolen completament el 40% dels casos. Per aquesta ra es busquen altres solucions teraputiques per combatre el virus entre les quals s'hi inclouen diferents estratgies. Una de les ms innovadores i prometedores s la utilitzaci de ribozims dirigits directament contra el genoma del virus. Aquest treball es centra en l'estudi de les noves estratgies teraputiques basades en ribozims, concretament la ribonucleasa P. La ribonucleasa P s un ribozim que est present en tots els organismes ja que s l'enzim responsable de la maduraci dels precursors d'RNA de transferncia. El ms interessant a nivell teraputic s que s'ha demostrat que es pot dirigir la seva activitat cap a qualsevol RNA utilitzant una seqncia guia d'RNA que quan hibrida amb l'RNA diana, l'hbrid imita l'estructura secundria del substrat natural. En el cas del VHC, s'han estudiat ribozims dependents de seqncia (ribozims derivats d'RNAs satllits i de viroides de plantes), sempre dirigits contra la regi ms conservada del virus per evitar una disminuci de l'eficincia del ribozim deguda a la variaci de la diana. La ribonucleasa P s una endonucleasa d'activitat molt especfica i es diferencia dels altres ribozims naturals en el sistema de reconeixement del substrat, reconeix elements estructurals i no de seqncia. L'objectiu final del treball s tallar in vitro l'RNA del VHC aprofitant la propietat que presenta aquest ribozim de reconixer elements estructurals i no de seqncia ja que per a un mateix nombre de seqncies, el nombre d'estructures viables que pot adoptar l'RNA genmic s molt ms petit i per tant la variabilitat de la diana disminueix. S'han estudiat dos models d'RNasa P, la RNasa P humana guiada per seqncia guia externa (EGS) i l'RNA M1 de l'RNasa P d'E.coli unit a la seqncia guia per l'extrem 3' (ribozim M1GS). Abans per de dirigir el ribozim, s'han estudiat l'estructura i la variabilitat d'una regi del genoma del virus ja que s'ha descrit que sn factors que poden limitar l'eficincia de qualsevol ribozim. Derivat d'aquests estudis s'aporten dades sobre accessibilitat i variabilitat d'una regi interna del genoma del virus de l'hepatitis C, la zona d'uni de la regi E2/NS2 (regi 2658-2869). L'estudi d'accessibilitat revela que la regi 2658-2869 del genoma del virus cont dominis oberts i tancats i que la transici entre uns i altres no s brusca si es compara amb altres regions d'estructura coneguda (regi 5' no codificant). Els resultats dels assajos in vitro amb els dos models de RNasa P mostren que s'ha aconseguit dirigir tant la ribonucleasa P humana com el ribozim M1GS cap a una zona, predeterminada segons l'estudi d'accessibilitat, com a poc estructurada i tallar l'RNA del virus. De l'anlisi de mutacions, per, es dedueix que la regi estudiada s variable. Tot i dirigir el ribozim cap a la zona ms accessible, la variaci de la diana podria afectar la interacci amb la seqncia guia i per tant disminuir l'eficincia de tall. Si es proposs una estratgia teraputica consistiria en un atac simultani de vries dianes.D'altra banda i derivat d'un resultat inesperat on s'ha observat en els experiments control que l'extracte de RNasa P humana tallava l'RNA viral en absncia de seqncies guia externes, s'ha caracteritzat una nova interacci entre l'RNA del VHC i la RNasa P humana. Per a la identificaci de l'enzim responsable dels talls s'han aplicat diferents tcniques que es poden dividir en mtodes directes (RNA fingerprinting) i indirectes (immunoprecipitaci i inhibicions competitives). Els resultats demostren que la ribonucleasa P humana, i no un altre enzim contaminant de l'extracte purificat, s la responsable dels dos talls especfics observats i que es localitzen, un a l'entrada interna al ribosoma (IRES) i molt a prop del cod AUG d'inici de la traducci i l'altre entre la regi codificant estructural i no estructural. La ribonucleasa P s un dels enzims del metabolisme del tRNA que s'utilitza per identificar estructures similars al tRNA en substrats diferents del substrat natural. Aix doncs, el fet que la ribonucleasa P reconegui i talli el genoma del VHC en dues posicions determinades suggereix que, a les zones de tall, el virus cont estructures semblants al substrat natural, s a dir estructures tipus tRNA. A ms, tot i que el VHC s molt variable, els resultats indiquen que aquestes estructures poden ser importants per el virus, ja que es mantenen en totes les variants naturals analitzades. Creiem que la seva presncia podria permetre al genoma interaccionar amb factors cellulars que intervenen en la biologia del tRNA,particularment en el cas de l'estructura tipus tRNA que es localitza a l'element IRES. Independentment per de la seva funci, es converteixen en unes noves dianes teraputiques per a la RNasa P. S'ha de replantejar per l'estratgia inicial ja que la similitud amb el tRNA les fa susceptibles a l'atac de la ribonucleasa P, directament, en absncia de seqncies guia externes.
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A homeopatia uma forma holstica de medicina, que visa um dos prncipios hipocrticos Similia similibus curantur, o semelhante cura o semelhante, isto , a doena pode ser tratada atravs da administrao de princpios activos que induzam, num animal saudvel, sintomas semelhantes aos provocados pela doena. possvel prescrever em diversas situaes clnicas, como nica opco ou complementar de diferentes teraputicas, de forma a promover a sade animal. A presente dissertao consta de um estudo retrospectivo baseado numa amostra com 68 gatos e 23 ces, observados durante 60 dias no decorrer do estgio curricular na Clnica Refgio da Bicharada, na qual se procede caracterizao da aplicao da homeopatia na prtica clnica. A aplicao de tratamento homeoptico verifica-se em 75% dos animais da amostra, enquanto que o tratamento homeoptico complementar em 25% da amostra. O tratamento homeoptico exclusivo foi prescrito com maior frequncia na rea da etologia (100%; n=28), seguido de doenas do tracto respiratrio (90%; n=18) e gastroenterologia (55%; n=6). As doenas em que mais foi prescrito o tratamento homeoptico exclusivo foi em coriza (93%; n=14); agressividade em ninhadas (100%; n=14); apatia comportamental (100%; n=9); osteoartrose (57%; n=4); gengivo-estomatite e asma brnquica (75%; n=3); e obstipao (100%; n=3). Verifica-se que em vrias circunstncias se recorre a medicamentos homeopticos como opo teraputica, aplicando-os como tratamento nico ou complementar na prtica clnica de pequenos animais.
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The wide-ranging survey of twisted growth in polymers by Lotz and Cheng cites extensive evidence consistent with the relief of surface stress being the underlying cause. This complementary note contributes to the discussion by making three main points. First, it is necessary to go further and explain the key issue of how a consistent twist is maintained when, as commonly, this habit has a lower symmetry than the crystallographic lattice. Detailed study has shown that, in polyethylene, this occurs by reorganization of the initial fold surfaces. Second, the suggested explanation by Keith and Padden that. in polyethylene, the asymmetric habit derives from molecules adding to lamellae with inclined fold surfaces is invalid being doubly inconsistent with observation. Third, twisting has now been linked to faster growth by study of row structures in polyethylene. This produces inherently rough fold surfaces in Regime II whose internal stresses drive reorganization and twisting. For slower (Regime I) growth, fold surfaces form with and maintain ordered packing so providing no basis for twisting. These new insights radically alter the context of twisted growth and provide a firm factual basis for further work. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Platelets have long been recognized to be of central importance in haemostasis, but their participation in pathological conditions such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis and inflammation is now also well established. The platelet has therefore become a key target in therapies to combat cardiovascular disease. Anti-platelet therapies are used widely, but current approaches lack efficacy in a proportion of patients, and are associated with side effects including problem bleeding. In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the regulation of platelet function, including the characterization of new ligands, platelet-specific receptors and cell signalling pathways. It is anticipated this progress will impact positively on the future innovations towards more effective and safer anti-platelet agents. In this review, the mechanisms of platelet regulation and current anti-platelet therapies are introduced, and strong, and some more speculative, potential candidate target molecules for future anti-platelet drug development are discussed.
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The recent emergence of novel pathogenic human and animal coronaviruses has highlighted the need for antiviral therapies that are effective against a spectrum of these viruses. We have used several strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) in cell culture and in vivo in mouse models to investigate the antiviral characteristics of peptide-conjugated antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (P-PMOs). Ten P-PMOs directed against various target sites in the viral genome were tested in cell culture, and one of these (5TERM), which was complementary to the 5' terminus of the genomic RNA, was effective against six strains of MHV. Further studies were carried out with various arginine-rich peptides conjugated to the 5TERM PMO sequence in order to evaluate efficacy and toxicity and thereby select candidates for in vivo testing. In uninfected mice, prolonged P-PMO treatment did not result in weight loss or detectable histopathologic changes. 5TERM P-PMO treatment reduced viral titers in target organs and protected mice against virus-induced tissue damage. Prophylactic 5TERM P-PMO treatment decreased the amount of weight loss associated with infection under most experimental conditions. Treatment also prolonged survival in two lethal challenge models. In some cases of high-dose viral inoculation followed by delayed treatment, 5TERM P-PMO treatment was not protective and increased morbidity in the treated group, suggesting that P-PMO may cause toxic effects in diseased mice that were not apparent in the uninfected animals. However, the strong antiviral effect observed suggests that with further development, P-PMO may provide an effective therapeutic approach against a broad range of coronavirus infections.
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Of the three classes of true phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinases, the class II subdivision, which consists of three isoforms, PI3K-C2alpha, PI3K-C2beta and PI3K-C2gamma, is the least well understood. There are a number of reasons for this. This class of PI 3-kinase was identified exclusively by PCR and homology cloning approaches and not on the basis of cellular function. Like class I PI 3-kinases, class II PI 3-kinases are activated by diverse receptor types. To complicate the elucidation of class II PI 3-kinase function further, their in vitro substrate specificity is intermediate between the receptor activated class I PI 3-kinases and the housekeeping class III PI 3-kinase. The class II PI 3-kinases are inhibited by the two commonly used PI 3-kinase family selective inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, and there are no widely available, specific inhibitors for the individual classes or isoforms. Here the current state of understanding of class II PI 3-kinase function is reviewed, followed by an appraisal as to whether there is enough evidence to suggest that pharmaceutical companies, who are currently targeting the class I PI 3-kinases in an attempt to generate anticancer agents, should also consider targeting the class II PI 3-kinases.
