Effects of landscape spatial heterogeneity on dryland restoration success. The combined role of site conditions and reforestation techniques in southeastern Spain

In occidental Europe, Spain is one of countries the most severely affected by desertification (Arnalds & Arsher 2000). Particularly, South-eastern Spain is considered as one of the most threatened areas by desertification in Mediterranean Europe (Vallejo 1997). In 2003, the Valencia Regional Forest Service implemented a restoration demonstration project in this area. The project site is a small catchment (25 ha) located in the Albatera municipality. The catchment is highly heterogeneous, with terraced slopes, south-facing slopes and north-facing slopes. The restoration strategy was based on planting evergreen trees and shrubs which can grow quickly after disturbances, and on field treatments aimed at maximizing water collection (micro-catchments, planting furrows), organic amendment (compost), and conservation (tree shelters, mulching). On south landscape unit, the whole category of restoration treatments was applied: water micro-catchment + Tubex tree shelters + mulching & compost, while on north landscape unit: netting tree shelters + mulching & compost only were applied, while in terrace landscape unit: furrows + netting tree shelters + mulching & compost were applied. Survival and growth of the planted seedlings were used as metrics of restoration success. To assess the effects of the treatments applied for soil conservation, soil loss rates (from 2005 to 2009) were evaluated using the erosion pin method. We conclude that, despite the limiting conditions prevailing on the south unit, this landscape unit showed the highest survival and growth plant rates in the area. The best seedling performances on the south landscape unit were probably due to the highest technical efforts applied, consisting in the water micro-catchment installation and the Tubex plant shelters addition. In addition, soil loss rates followed decreasing trends throughout the assessment period. Soil loss rates were highest on south landscape unit in comparison with the other landscape units, due to the more accentuated relief. North landscape unit and terrace unit showed a net soil mass gain, probably reflecting the trapping of sediments produced by plantation works.

Guía para la elaboración de un Plan de Implantación de un Sistema APPCC en el área de restauración de un centro médico

La seguridad alimentaria presenta uno de los objetivos a abordar de manera prioritaria tanto en industria alimentaria como en restauración en cualquiera de sus ámbitos. A raíz de esta creciente preocupación del consumidor, el ámbito legal dentro de la Unión Europea, obliga a los operadores de las empresas del sector a desarrollar programas y procedimientos que aseguren la inocuidad de sus productos y elaboraciones, basadas en los principios del Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Críticos (APPCC). Este sistema se fundamenta científicamente y tiene carácter sistemático, y el presente trabajo formula los pasos a seguir para evaluar los peligros específicos y establecer medidas de control basadas en la prevención, eliminación y/o reducción de éstos a niveles aceptables en cada una de las fases específicas del proceso, en lugar de realizar este análisis en las elaboraciones finales, lo que supone una ventaja para la empresa a múltiples niveles. Además, el trabajo también explica cómo desarrollar los requisitos previos que deben adoptarse conforme a los principios de higiene alimentaria según dicta el Codex Alimentarius. La presente guía se presenta para abordar de una forma simple y eficaz la implantación de un Sistema APPCC dentro del área de restauración de un centro hospitalario, ofreciendo una metodología eficaz para la verificación y validez de los Puntos de Control Críticos con el fin de garantizar el cumplimiento y control efectivo del sistema de APPCC.

[Calligraphic specimen, 1205?, i.e. 1790 or 1791?].

Exquisite album of calligraphy (muraqqaʻ or murakkaa) with design for a monumental inscription to appear in stone on a commemorative range marker (menzil taşı) of Bilâl Ağa (d.1807?), likely executed by Yesari Mehmed Esad Efendi (d.1798), the great Ottoman master of nastaʻlīq (talik).

[Calligraphic specimen, 1206, i.e. 1791 or 1792].

Exquisite album of calligraphy (muraqqaʻ / murakkaa) employing ḥadīth of the Prophet executed by the celebrated Ottoman calligrapher Mahmud Celâleddin Efendi (d.1829) in imitation of a model executed by the master calligrapher Hafız Osman Efendi (d.1698).

[Calligraphic specimen, early to mid 18th century].

Exquisite album of calligraphy (muraqqaʻ or murakkaa) comprising kıt'alar employing ḥadīth of the Prophet executed by the celebrated Ottoman calligrapher Eğrikapılı Mehmet Râsim Efendi (d.1756), renowned student of Seyyid Abdullah of Yedikule (d.1731).

Ḥabīb-i siyar jild al-thānī, [1026, i.e. 1617].

This is the second of three volumes which comprise Khvandemīr's well known and important general history, completed in 929/1523, which spans the creation of the world up to the death of Shah Ismāʻīl Safavī I. The work includes particularly detailed information about Herat under Sultan Husayn Bayqara, the last Timurid ruler in Herat, as well as Shah Ismāʻīl and Bābur's life. This work has been published in both Persian and English editions.

[al-Kawākib al-durrīyah fī madḥ khayr al-barīyah, 16th century?].

Fine copy of al-Būṣīrī's poem in praise of the Prophet accompanied by elucidation in Persian and Turkish.

Histoire romaine de Tite-Live : reproduction réduite du manuscrit en onciale, latin 5730 de la Bibliothèque nationale.

Facsimile of the Codex Puteanus (now Ms. lat. 5730 in the Bibliothèque nationale, Paris) containing the third decade, or book XXI (chap. 20 [sect. 8-chap. 21] [sect. 13; chap. 29] [sect. 6-chap. 30] [sect. 11; chap. 41] [sect. 13 to end (chap. 63)); books XXII-XXIX; book XXX (chap. 1-30 [sect. 14; chap. 37] [sect. 3-chap. 38] [sect. 3])

The Crucifixion

Master of the Codex of Saint George; 1 ft. 5 63/64 in. x 11 47/64 in.; one of a series of paitings, tempera and gold leaf on panel

The Lamentation

Master of the Codex of Saint George; 1 ft. 5 63/64 in. x 11 47/64 in.; one of a series of paintings, tempera and gold leaf on panel

Naẓm al-Jamīʻ al-ṣaghīr, [late 15th century?].

Fine copy of Abū Naṣr al-Farāḥī's (d.1242) versification of al-Jamīʻ al-ṣaghīr fī al-furūʻ, the well-known legal treatise by Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī (d.804). Excerpts from Kashf al-ẓunūn addressing these two works appear on leaf affixed to 'title page' (p.5).

An English 13th century bestiary, a new discovery in the technique of medieval illumination,

"Three hundred copies ... have been printed."

Fragments d'un manuscrit de Ménandre

Text with French translations.

Werken.

Nieuwe reeks, no. 7-24, 26-ser. 3, no. 31 contain cumulated list of contents.

Kroniek.

1. jaarg. never printed.