Caracterização química e legalidade em bebidas não alcoólicas de maçã

Apple is a fruit that offers promising prospect for industrialization as it has favorable characteristics for this purpose and can obtain products with good acceptance. In Brazil, approximately 15% of the production is processed into juice, and a portion is exported. Among the fresh fruit and juice, apple adds US$ 30 million annually to the Brazilian foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study was to characterize, using chemical analysis, concentrated juices, commercial apple juice, nectar, and soft drink. In addition, to compare them with their respective Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Concentrated juices and commercial beverages were analyzed in triplicate for soluble solids content (Brix), pH, total acidity (AT), and ratio. In concentrated juices, the Total Sugar Reducer (ART) was also assessed. The results obtained in the laboratory were compared with the PIQ and Codex Alimentarius to verify compliance with applicable regulations. Seven concentrate juices, five juices, six nectars, and three apple-flavoured soft drinks were analyzed. The Brix of pulpy and clarified concentrated juices were, respectively, 71.16±1.29 and 40.40±0.57°Brix. In all concentrated juices, the Brix was in accordance with Codex Alimentarius. The Brix and AT in sweetened clarified juices were 11.50±0.14°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100g sample. In pulpy whole juices the values ​​were 11.20±0.70°Brix and 0.30±0.06g of malic acid/100g sample. The values of Brix and AT in apple-flavoured soft drinks were 11.03±0.93°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100ml sample. Commercial juices and soft drinks also presented °Brix and AT in accord with the PIQ established by MAPA. The apple nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius. The definition of the PIQ is an important tool for quality control of beverages manufacture in Brazil. Therefore, it is recommended for the control agencies to define the parameters that are not established.

Análise fisico-química e legalidade em bebidas de laranja

The aim of this paper was to measure the total soluble solids content (°Brix), titrable total acidity (AT) and ratio in orange beverages, such as frozen concentrated juice, not from concentrate juice, nectar and soft drink and to compare them with their Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Four orange frozen concentrated juices, twenty two juices, seven nectars and thirteen orange soft drinks were analyzed. All frozen concentrated orange juices were in agreement with Codex Alimentarius. The majority of not from concentrated orange juices and soft drinks was in accord to Brazilian legislation. The orange nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius.

Correlations between Conjugation Length, Macromolecular Dynamics, and Photophysics of Phenylene-Vinylene/Aliphatic Multiblock Copolymers

This work reports a detailed spectroscopy study of a series of multiblock conjugated nonconjugated copolymers built by p-phenylene vinylene type units (PV) and octamethylene spacers, namely, poly(1,8-octanedioxy-2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene-1,2-ethenylene) (LaPPS18). The relative proportions of the PV and aliphatic segments were estimated on the basis of solid-state NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The overall structure was characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction; H-1 wide-line dipolar chemical shift correlation (DIPSHIFT), and centerband-only detection of exchange (CODEX) NMR data, that together with glass transition temperatures allowed us to identify the groups involved in the molecular dynamics. These different structural properties were used to explain the photoluminescence properties in terms of peak position and spectral profile

Molecular dynamics of poly(Ethylene Glycol) intercalated in clay, studied using 13C solid-state NMR

In this study, Cross-Polarization Magic-angle Spinning CP/MAS, 2D Exchange, Centerband-Only Detection of Exchange (CODEX), and Separated-Local-Field (SLF) NMR experiments were used to study the molecular dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) inside Hectorite/PEG intercalation compounds in both single- and double-layer configurations. The results revealed that the overall amplitude of the motions of the PEG chain in the single-layer configuration is considerably smaller than that observed for the double-layer intercalation compound. This result indicates that the effect of having the polymer chain interacting with both clay platelets is to produce a substantial decrease in the motional amplitudes of those chains. The presence of these dynamically restricted segments might be explained by the presence of anchoring points between the clay platelets and the PEG oxygen atoms, which was induced by the Na+ cations. By comparing the PEG motional amplitudes of the double-layered nanocomposites composed of polymers with different molecular weights, a decrease in the motional amplitude for the smaller PEG chain was observed, which might also be understood using the presence of anchoring points.

Carl Gustav Jung a Eranos. Il contributo junghiano al Circolo di Eranos: ideazione, contributi e iniziative dal 1933 al 1952

The dissertation aims to explore the several forms in which the activity of the Swiss psychologist, Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) developed on the project and the realisation of the Eranos Conferences, founded in 1933 by Olga Fröbe-Kapteyn (1881-1962). The dissertation, in particular, focuses on the first twenty-year period (1933-1952) that determined the fundamental aspects and shaped the peculiar configuration of the Eranos Conferences as a “research laboratory” on the universal characteristics of the religious phenomenon. The dissertation contains the following chapters: 1) Aspects of C.G. Jung’s intellectual contribution to the religious hermeneutics proposed in the Eranos Conferences; 2) C.G. Jung’s conferences at Eranos: a historical examination; 3) C.G. Jung and the Eranos Archive for Research in Symbolism; 4) C.G. Jung and the hidden history of Eranos; 5) C.G. Jung’s commentary on Opicinus de Canistris’s Codex Palatinus Latinus 1993: fragments of a lost and rediscovered Eranos seminar.

Per l’edizione del Primo dei Libri medicinales di Aezio Amideno

La ricerca è dedicata allo studio propedeutico ad una nuova edizione critica del primo dei Libri medicinales di Aezio Amideno, medico vissuto nel VI secolo e attivo alla corte di Costantinopoli. Sono stati oggetto principale di studio 35 manoscritti contenenti, in parte o integralmente, il primo libro di Aezio; la collazione ha permesso di individuare numerosi codices descripti e soprattutto di procedere ad una nuova classificazione dei codici. Riguardo alla modalità di utilizzo delle fonti da parte di Aezio si è potuto non solo accertare l’uso indiretto del testo galenico ed escludere la mediazione di Oribasio, ma sono state individuate nuove fonti, oltre a quelle tradizionalmente conosciute. Per la prima volta sono stati presi in esame sia il commento di Cristobal de Horozco ai sedici libri di Aezio che la traduzione latina di Giovanbattista Montano. Presente è infine un saggio di edizione dei capitoli 1-10 e 124 dell’edizione Olivieri, il testo proposto presenta significative differenze rispetto a quello edito nel CMG.

Il codice autografo di Piero Giustinian: Un esempio di genesi ed evoluzione della cronachistica medievale

La tesi di dottorato di Luca Fiori: Il codice autografo di Piero Giustinian: un esempio di genesi ed evoluzione della cronachistica medievale ha il principale obiettivo quello di dimostrare attraverso la editio princeps dell’autografo in latino, i meccanismi di formazione, trasmissione e proliferazione dei testi cronachistici medievali veneziani, mediante la collazione disamina della tradizione testuale di Pietro Giustinian.

Die Abschrift als Schreibszene. Der ›Nuwe Parzifal‹ in der Handschrift Rom, Biblioteca Casanatense, Mss. 1409

The Codex Biblioteca Casanatense 1409 which has for a long time been neg- lected in Parzival scholarship, transmits German translations of three continuations of Chre ́tien de Troyes‘ Roman de Perceval ou Le Conte du Graal together with the last two books (XV/XVI) of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival. This article supports the for- merly casually made assumption that the Casanatense manuscript is in fact a direct copy of Codex Donaueschingen 97, the so called Rappoltsteiner Parzifal. As is to be shown, marks in the Donaueschingen codex, as well as significant copying errors in the Casanatense text and its treatment of initials suggest a direct relationship of the two witnesses. The notion of ,writing scene‘ (Schreibszene) with its implications of linguistic semantics, instrumentality, gesture and self reflection, proposed in modern literary scholarship, can help to understand peculiarities of the copying process in the Casanatensis, such as the numerous conceptual abbreviations and the adaptations in the handling of headings. In the final part of the article, the hypothesis is corroborated, that the copy of the Casa- natensis might have been produced in the surroundings of Lamprecht von Brunn (ca. 1320–1399), bishop of Strasburg and Bamberg, and counsellor of the emperor Charles IV.

Butor et le livre-installation: montage de textes, œuvre plurielle, transits entre univers culturels

La complétude des Œuvres complètes de Butor est problématique, car elle ne prend pas en compte les collaborations de toutes sortes et les œuvres inscrites sur d’autres supports que du papier. Pour avoir une véritable idée de cette complétude, il faudrait donc imaginer une installation qui réunirait à la fois, entre autres, les codex habituels de Butor, les livres d’artistes, les œuvres numériques. On se rendrait compte que cette installation est fondée sur des passages de frontières entre les genres artistiques, l’assemblage et le collage permettant de passer des frontières entre univers culturels différents.

Tosaphtha seu Additamenta ad Codicem de Siclis

Vorlage d. Digitalisats aus d. Besitz d. Theol. Hochschule St. Georgen

Judaeorum Annus Lunae-Solaris: et Turc-Arabum annus mere lunaris

Vorlage d. Digitalisats aus d. Besitz d. Theol. Hochschule St. Georgen

Geochemistry of manganese nodules from a British Columbia fjord

Concretions of iron and manganese oxides and hydrous oxidesóobjects commonly called manganese nodulesóare widely distributed not only on the deep-sea floor but also in shallow marine environments1. Such concretions were not known to occur north of Cape Mendocino in the shallow water zones bordering the North-East Pacific Ocean until the summer of 1966 when they were recovered by one of us (J. W. M.) in dredge samples from Jervis Inlet, a fjord approximately 50 miles north-west of Vancouver, British Columbia.

Número dedicado a Eliana Molinelli

El número 4 de la Revista Huellas está imbuido del espíritu creativo de una de nuestras máximas artistas y pedagogas, la genial Eliana Molinelli. Tanto el dossier como un meduloso artículo escrito por la profesora Silvia Benchimol están dedicados a ella y a su inspirado quehacer creativo. Cuatro artículos sobre música nos sitúan, el primero de ellos, ante la creatividad de otra de nuestras más apreciadas profesoras, la compositora Carmen De Juan, cuyo catálogo y análisis de una de sus obras para piano se deben a María Jefferies; el impacto y estado actual de la cumbia en nuestro país, género popular si los hay, es analizado a continuación desde la óptica de Diego Pérez; le siguen las estrategias didácticas en la enseñanza inicial del oboe, propuestas por la profesora titular de ese instrumento, Alejandra García Trabucco, con la colaboración de las profesoras María Alejandra Silnik, y Andrea Yurcic; por último, la génesis y funcionamiento del portal que contiene la base de datos de música académica latinoamericana que provee a la Maestría de Música, son explicados por las profesoras Elena Dabul y Silvia Persio. Sonia Vicente y Elio Ortiz dan cuenta de la historia de la Cerámica mendocina y Viviana Zani junto a su equipo de investigación, Belén Copello, Andrea Pattini y Mercedes Chambouleyron, además de María del Carmen Porras y Edgardo Castro nos muestran, desde distintos ángulos, el quehacer investigativo en el área de Diseño. Un trabajo sobre teatro nos refiere a una figura tal vez mítica de la historia mendocina, el Gaucho Cubillos, en las acertadas palabras de José Navarrete. Finalmente, incluimos a continuación un ensayo sobre la visión del quehacer teatral desde la experiencia del autor franco-canadiense Serge Oauknine, profesor visitante de la Escuela de Teatro, quién dictara el seminario de Actuación IV; un informe sobre el Tercer Encuentro Latinoamericano de Docentes de Diseño (ELADDI), que tuvo lugar en mayo pasado y el relato de la iniciativa del Proyecto creado por Eliana Molinelli Propuestas Artísticas para la convivencia y el desarme, completan el panorama artístico-científico de nuestra Facultad. Para lograr un nivel de excelencia adecuado a la difusión nacional e internacional de la Revista entre la comunidad académica, científica y artística, contamos con un comité de referato conformado por académicos de primer nivel.

Medallones de carne vacuna : reducción del contenido de sal por incorporación de oleorresinas de especias

Para evaluar la posible disminución de la adición de cloruro de sodio, mediante el agregado de oleorresinas de especias, se elaboró una masa en la que se empleó 85 % de carne vacuna y 15 % de grasa. Se fraccionó en tres lotes, adicionándoles: 1000 mg/kg de oleorresina de Origanum x Majoricum, 750 mg/kg de la de Capsicum annum o de la de Acantholippia seriphioides, respectivamente. Luego se dividieron en cinco porciones iguales y se agregó sal, hasta alcanzar contenidos de 0.00 %; 0.25 %; 0.50 %; 0.75 % y 1.00 %. Se homogeneizaron y se elaboraron medallones de 100 g, que se cocinaron en horno hasta alcanzar una temperatura interna de 72 °C. Se realizó una evaluación sensorial con 15 jueces semientrenados, solicitándoles que asignaran puntajes, mediante escalas estructuradas de siete puntos e indicaran cuál/es rechazarían. Los puntajes asignados por el panel se sometieron a un análisis exploratorio de datos, a las pruebas de Page y de comparaciones múltiples. Los medallones adicionados con los tres tipos de oleorresinas para las dosis de sal ensayadas presentaron diferencias (= 0.05): las dosis de 0 y 1% fueron las menos aceptadas y la de 0.25 % fue la más aceptada. El 50 % de los jueces rechazó el medallón con 0 % de sal, para los tres tipos de oleorresinas. En las condiciones ensayadas, la incorporación de oleorresinas en dosis de 1000 mg/kg para orégano o de 750 mg/kg para pimiento y tomillo mendocino, permite formular medallones de carne vacuna, con bajo contenido de sal y alta aceptación.