Code d'organisation judiciaire allemande (27 janvier 1877). I. Introduction / par L. Dubarle,...

Collection : Collection des principaux codes étrangers

Code d'organisation judiciaire allemande (27 janvier 1877). II. Traduction et notes / par L. Dubarle,...

Collection : Collection des principaux codes étrangers

Etude de mentions manuscrites apposées dans des conditions non conventionnelles (dans le cadre des articles 322-1 à 322-4 du nouveau code pénal français)

Résumé Les experts forensiques en documents peuvent être confrontés à des écritures réalisées en conditions non conventionnelles. Ces circonstances atypiques pourraient être à l'origine d'une plus grande variabilité de la forme de l'écriture, en particulier lorsque des positions à priori inhabituelles du corps et / ou du support sont impliquées. En effet, en dépit de son aspect stéréotypé /standardisé évident, résultat d'un apprentissage par un modèle, notre écriture est caractérisée par une variabilité intrinsèque de la forme, qui évolue au cours du temps et qui, dans sa dimension qualitative, confère à l'écriture son caractère individuel. En d'autres termes, nous n'écrivons jamais deux fois de la même façon. Cette variabilité intraindividuelle (ou intra-variabilité) observée en condition conventionnelle, c'est-à-dire assis devant un support horizontal, pourrait augmenter en conditions non conventionnelles, par exemple dans une position inconfortable. Cela pourrait rendre plus difficile l'identification d'écrits apposés dans une condition non conventionnelle ou inconnue. Ne pas connaître les circonstances d'apposition d'une mention manuscrite ou ne pas s'interroger sur ces dernières, pourrait conduire l'expert à faire des erreurs d'appréciation. Et le simple fait d'étudier une trace sur laquelle le corps peut exercer une influence fait de l'expertise en écriture une spécialité qui se distingue des autres disciplines forensiques. En cela, la trace écrite diffère des autres types de traces "inanimées" (physiques, chimiques, bigchimiques) considérées comme invariables (mais potentiellement sensibles à d'autres phénomènes tels que la température, la pression atmosphérique...). En effet, le mouvement d'écriture étant commandé et contrôlé par le cerveau, cela lui confère une certaine variabilité. Il est donc assez logique de penser que la connaissance des mécanismes neuroscientifiques à l'origine de ce mouvement facilitera la compréhension des phénomènes observés d'un point de vue forensique. Deux expériences ont été menées afin de comparer les performances de sujets écrivant dans différentes conditions (conventionnelle vs. non conventionnelles). Les résultats ont montré que cinq des sept conditions non conventionnelles n'avaient pas d'impact significatif sur la variabilité d'écriture. L'ensemble des résultats fournit aux experts forensiques des pistes leur permettant de mieux appréhender les écritures rédigées dans des conditions inhabituelles.

Agreed upon procedures report on the Department of Human Services' compliance with Chapter 249J.22 of the Code of Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2012

Agreed upon procedures report on the Department of Human Services' compliance with Chapter 249J.22 of the Code of Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2012

Vascular postpneumonectomy syndrome: inferior vena cava and pulmonary vein compression as unusual cause for platypnea-orthodeoxia following pneumonectomy

Background: Excessive mediastinal shift into the vacated thoracic cavity after pneumonectomy can result in dyspnea without hypoxemia by compression of the tracheobronchial tree, a phenomenon called postpneumonectomy syndrome. More rarely hypoxemia in upright position (platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, POS) after pneumonectomy can result from re-opening of an atrial right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) due to mediastinal distorsion. Review of literature also shows a unique report of pulmonary veins stenosis resulting in POS without intracardiac shunt after pneumonectomy. Methods: We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented POS 6 months after right pneumonectomy for destroyed lung post tuberculosis. Results: The patient described severe dyspnea disappearing when lying. SpO2 decreased from 94% when lying to 60% sitting. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) suspected a possible PFO. We first tried to highlight clinical repercussions of PFO by noninvasive exams. Hyperoxia shunt quantification was not tolerated because of increased dyspnea in sitting position. Contrast bubbles TTE was difficult because of the important mediastinal shift but identified only rare left heart bubbles with/without Valsalva both in lying and sitting position, excluding a significant right-to-left shunt. A lung perfusion scintigraphy (injection while sitting) confirmed the absence of systemic isotope uptake. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (angio-CT) revealed a stretched but not stenosed left main bronchus, while the shift of the heart into the right cavity was major. Pulmonary angiography did not show embolism but revealed compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with impaired venous return to the right heart, as well as compression of the left pulmonary veins. There was no arteriovenous shunt. Cardiac MRI showed torsion of IVC at the level of the diaphragm, and strong atrial contraction contributing to a passive filling of the RV, while the right ventricle was normal. Right catheterism showed major hemodynamic disturbances with negative diastolic pressure in right heart cavities (atrium -12 mm Hg ventricle pressure -7 mm Hg). SaO2 measured in the pulmonary artery decreased from 58% when lying to 45% sitting. Conclusion: We described here an exceedingly rare and complex mechanism explaining POS after right pneumonectomy. Mediastinal repositioning with a silicone breast implant of appropriate size has been scheduled.

Laparoscopic surgery for coeliac artery compression syndrome: current management and technical aspects.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the feasibility and midterm outcome of trans-peritoneal laparoscopy for coeliac artery compression syndrome (CACS).Design: Retrospective chart review involving four European vascular surgery departments and two surgical teams.Materials and methods: charts for patients who underwent laparoscopy for symptomatic CACS between December 2003 and November 2009 were reviewed. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography and postoperative duplex scan and/or CT angiography were performed.Results: Eleven consecutive patients (nine women) with a median age of 52 years (interquartile range: 42.5-59 years) underwent trans-peritoneal laparoscopy for CACS. All patients had a history of postprandial abdominal pain; weight loss exceeded 10% of the body mass in eight cases. Preoperative CT angiography revealed coeliac trunk stenosis >70% in all cases. One patient had additional aortitis and inferior mesenteric artery occlusion, while another patient presented with an occluded superior mesenteric artery. Two conversions occurred (one difficult dissection and one aorto-hepatic bypass needed for incomplete release of CACS). The median blood loss was 195 ml (range: 50-900 ml) and median operative time was 80 min (interquartile range: 65-162.5 years). Symptoms improved immediately in 10/11 patients (no residual stenosis) while one remained unchanged despite a residual stenosis treated by a percutaneous angioplasty. Symptoms reappeared in one patient due to coeliac axis occlusion. The mean follow-up period was 35 +/- 23 months (range: 12-78 months).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that trans-peritoneal laparoscopy for treating median arcuate ligament syndrome is safe and feasible. Additional patients and a longer follow-up are needed for long-term assessment of this laparoscopic technique. (C) 2011 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Report of the Code Commission : to accompany the code as reported to the Twenty-sixth General Assembly of Iowa, in accordance with the provisions of chapter one hundred and fifteen of the acts of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly,1895.

This is the Report of the Code Commissioners to the Twenty-fifth General Assembly of the State of Iowa