Os indicadores da qualidade na educação infantil e sua aplicabilidade

Este estudo teve como objetivo experiênciar a aplicabilidade dos Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação Infantil, documento elaborado pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC) em 2009, por meio da Secretaria de Educação Básica e em parceria com a ação Educativa, a Fundação ORSA, a União Nacional dos Dirigentes Municipais de Educação (UNDIME) e o Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF). Observamos a possibilidade de utilização na avaliação de uma escola de educação infantil e sua contribuição para a efetiva melhoria da qualidade do ensino da instituição. Utilizamos na realização da pesquisa, uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, utilizando como instrumentos de coleta de dados, os questionários e levantamento bibliográfico, em uma escola pública de Educação Infantil do município de Rio Claro/SP, onde aplicamos os indicadores da qualidade. Posteriormente os dados coletados foram analisados para análise e elucidação das possibilidades e desafios da aplicação dos Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação Infantile também sua potencialidade como instrumento de avaliação da qualidade da escola

Compreendendo a sexualidade infantil nas relações de gênero: o lúdico como estratégia educativa

Pós-graduação em Educação Sexual - FCLAR

Efeitos da prematuridade sobre o desenvolvimento de lactentes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral aspects of infants relating them to prematurity. A total of 130 lactentes were evaluated every month during the first year of life, employing the Operational Portage Inventory . Group 1, 56 newborns with no life risk at birth and Group 2, 74 premature babies, those that was born until 37 gestation weeks. The outcomes obtained showed that the premature babies (Group 2) presented a totally different performance than Group 1 in 68% of the analyses made, especially for motor development, cognition and socialization. The outcomes are in accord to the ones obtained in the literature, which indicate prematurity as one of the most harmful proximal conditions for the development of infants.

Relação entre os estilos parentais e o desempenho intelectual de crianças com pumblemia

This study investigated the children s intellectual development with high and low blood lead level with the parenting styles in the respective interactions with these children. The WISC-III and IEP (Parenting Styles Inventory) were used. Were studied 40 children, with ages among 7 to 13 years old, and 40 parents, who lived in a risk spot near the contamination area. The children were divided into two groups: G1 – 20 children with blood lead level above 10µg/dl; and G2 – 20 children with blood lead level lower than 10µg/dl. The results indicated damages on WISC-III for the children with Pb-S than10µg/dl and prevalence of practices educational negatives were found in both groups, with statistical difference (5%). The environmental stimulation can minimize the damages caused by the lead poisoning, and the parent s positive educative practice can contribute as modulator of the lead s effect.

Atendimento psicoterapêutico para crianças vítimas de violência sexual: projeto Sarauzinho

This experiment report refers to the project named “Sarauzinho”, which is linked to the extension “Workshops of Psychoanalysis and Artistics Gatherings” project. “Sarauzinho” was a partnership between UNESP and CREAS, created with the aim to assist children victims of sexual violence though a playful and artistic method and to implement a psychoanalytic listening of demands that appeared during the working group implementation. At the same time, the parents/responsible person who took the children to the meetings also received psychotherapeutic service at the waiting room, in an operative group format with psychoanalytic listening. The project has happened in 11 sessions (once a week, two hours each), with 4 kids and 4 caregivers participating. The service for the kids was organized in workshop models (open and free) and in little gatherings, with preprogrammed contents (playful and artistic). The initiative was inspired by the “Green houses”, a creation of the French psychoanalyst Françoise Dolto, and by the Museum “Imagens do Inconsciente do Centro Psiquiátrico Pedro II”, in Nise da Silveira, Rio de Janeiro city. This university extension activity has enabled the students to access some of the children’s traumas, as well as to obtain a better understanding of an infantile group psychotherapeutic service, with psychoanalytic listening. Besides, it has provided a playful and artistic environment to listen to the children and enable them to create new meanings of their traumas. For the adult participants, the meetings were moments to talk about their anxieties and to receive new guidance and instructions about their children’s education, especially about sexuality. The results, either related to the children’s meeting, as to the adult’s meeting, were favorable to the continuity of the project.

Proposta teórico-interpretativa em sexualidade infantil: contribuição à educação sexual a partir da Grounded Theory

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Concepção de criança na pós-modernidade

O artigo apresenta uma perspectiva sintética da concepção de criança, pontuando questões relacionadas à pós-modernidade e ao problema da violência sexual intrafamiliar, o que faz parte da revisão bibliográfica para a elaboração de dissertação do Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e Social da UFPA. As reflexões são articuladas através dos pontos de vista da Psicologia e da terapia ocupacional, pois a primeira é a base do nosso mestrado, e a segunda, do campo de atuação. O pensamento pós-moderno valoriza o singular e o idiossincrático, assim, apreender o discurso sobre a criança nos remete à importância de compreender o que elas próprias pensam e sentem sobre a sua condição infantil. A Psicologia da qual nos valemos oferece, para as análises, o conceito de nutrição psicológica, que diz respeito ao provimento, pelos cuidadores, de alimentos positivos capazes de permitir à criança desenvolver-se de modo criativo e saudável; além desse conceito, a terapia ocupacional apresenta o de atividades expressivas.

Altered Neurotrophin, Neuropeptide, Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Levels in Autism

Introduction: Modifications in neurotrophins, neuropeptides, cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) levels in autism may represent different biological aspects of the disease. In the present study we investigate simultaneously all these variables as an attempt to clarify their interrelationships in autism. Methods: Plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) were determined in children with DSM-IV autistic disorder (n = 24) and in age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 24). VIP, NT-3, IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta levels were measured by ELISA, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2 were evaluated by flow cytometry, and NO by Griess reaction. Results: Plasma levels of VIP, IFN-gamma and NO were significantly higher and NT-3 plasma levels were significantly lower in children with autism, compared to the healthy subjects. In children with autism there was a positive correlation between plasma levels of NO and IFN-gamma. Discussion: Our results indicate the presence of altered levels of neurotrophin and neuropeptide in infantile autism and provide additional evidence that higher levels of IFN-gamma may be associated with increased oxidative stress in autism.

Outcomes of Epileptic Spasms in Patients Aged Less Than 3 Years: Single-Center United States Experience

Retrospective review was performed of children aged <3 years with epileptic spasms at our center from 2004-2010. Short-term (<6 months) and long-term (>= 6 months) outcomes were assessed. We included 173 children (104 boys; median age of onset, 6.8 months) with epileptic spasms of known (62%) and unknown (38%) etiology. Treatments included adrenocorticotropic hormone (n = 103), vigabatrin (n = 82), phenobarbital (n = 34), and other agents (n = 121). Short-term treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone and vigabatrin provided better epileptic spasm control in groups with known and unknown etiology than other agents. At follow-up (6-27 months), 54% of children manifested seizures, and 83% manifested developmental delay. Known etiology was a predictor of poor developmental outcome (P = 0.006), whereas bilateral/diffuse brain lesions predicted both poor development and seizures (P = 0.001 and 0.005, respectively). Initial presentations of epileptic spasms with hypotonia or developmental delay most strongly predicted both seizures and neurodevelopmental outcomes (P < 0.001). In a child presenting with epileptic spasms with developmental delay or hypotonia, no specific treatment may offer superior benefit. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enzyme replacement prevents enamel defects in hypophosphatasia mice

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the inborn error of metabolism characterized by deficiency of alkaline phosphatase activity, leading to rickets or osteomalacia and to dental defects. HPP occurs from loss-of-function mutations within the gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isozyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). TNAP knockout (Alpl-/-, aka Akp2-/-) mice closely phenocopy infantile HPP, including the rickets, vitamin B6-responsive seizures, improper dentin mineralization, and lack of acellular cementum. Here, we report that lack of TNAP in Alpl-/- mice also causes severe enamel defects, which are preventable by enzyme replacement with mineral-targeted TNAP (ENB-0040). Immunohistochemistry was used to map the spatiotemporal expression of TNAP in the tissues of the developing enamel organ of healthy mouse molars and incisors. We found strong, stage-specific expression of TNAP in ameloblasts. In the Alpl-/- mice, histological, mu CT, and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed reduced mineralization and disrupted organization of the rods and inter-rod structures in enamel of both the molars and incisors. All of these abnormalities were prevented in mice receiving from birth daily subcutaneous injections of mineral-targeting, human TNAP at 8.2?mg/kg/day for up to 44 days. These data reveal an important role for TNAP in enamel mineralization and demonstrate the efficacy of mineral-targeted TNAP to prevent enamel defects in HPP. (C) 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Identification of 2 Novel ANTXR2 Mutations in Patients With Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome and Proposal of a Modified Grading System

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) are rare, autosomal recessive disorders of the connective tissue caused by mutations in the gene encoding the anthrax toxin receptor 2 protein (ANTXR2) located on chromosome 4q21. Characteristically, these conditions present with overlapping clinical features, such as nodules and/or pearly papules, gingival hyperplasia, flexion contractures of the joints, and osteolytic bone defects. The present report describes a pair of sibs and three other JHF/ISH patients whose diagnoses were based on typical clinical manifestations and confirmed by histopathologic analyses and/or molecular analysis. A comparison of ISH and JHF, additional thoughts about new terminology (hyaline fibromatosis syndrome) and a modified grading system are also included. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Case for diagnosis

Infantile digital fibromatosis or Reye's tumor is a benign fibroproliferative tumor, the etiopathogenesis of which has yet to be fully clarified. It typically presents at birth or in the first year of life and is characterized by a firm, flesh colored or erythematous nodule or nodules located on the digits. These lesions tend to regress spontaneously.

Resultados da ressecção de hemangiomas infantis nasais em fase proliferativa: abordagem segura para os tumores centrais da face

INTRODUÇÃO: O hemangioma infantil é o tumor benigno mais comum da infância, predominando na região cervicofacial. É caracterizado por apresentar 3 fases distintas, observando-se frequentemente regressão espontânea dessas lesões. No entanto, sequelas residuais ou deformidades das estruturas anatômicas em crescimento podem ocorrer. A abordagem cirúrgica precoce e definitiva é indicada, em decorrência da localização dos hemangiomas nasais e seu potencial desfigurante, visando à obtenção de bons resultados estéticos e preservação anatômica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os resultados da abordagem cirúrgica definitiva para hemangiomas proliferativos nasais, com base em uma avaliação objetiva. MÉTODO: No período de 1997 a 2009, 20 pacientes portadores de hemangiomas nasais em fase proliferativa foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. As lesões foram avaliadas segundo local de acometimento e tratamento realizado. Foram analisados índices de complicações e necessidade de procedimentos adicionais. Os resultados estéticos foram avaliados por avaliadores independentes. RESULTADOS: As lesões estavam localizadas na ponta nasal em 50% dos pacientes; no dorso, em 20%; em todas as subunidades, em 15%; nas áreas paranasais, em 10%; e na unidade alar, em 5%. A ressecção foi total em 60% dos pacientes e subtotal em 40%. O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 42,6 meses. A média de procedimentos cirúrgicos por paciente foi de 1,3 + 0,7. Nenhuma complicação importante foi observada. Os resultados foram positivamente avaliados quanto a redução do volume da lesão e melhora do contorno facial, corroborando a conduta proposta. CONCLUSÕES: No manejo dos hemangiomas nasais, o tratamento cirúrgico definitivo pode ser considerado uma alternativa segura e eficaz, com baixas taxas de complicação.

Niemann-Pick disease type C symptomatology: an expert-based clinical description

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, progressive, irreversible disease leading to disabling neurological manifestations and premature death. The estimated disease incidence is 1:120,000 live births, but this likely represents an underestimate, as the disease may be under-diagnosed due to its highly heterogeneous presentation. NP-C is characterised by visceral, neurological and psychiatric manifestations that are not specific to the disease and that can be found in other conditions. The aim of this review is to provide non-specialists with an expert-based, detailed description of NP-C signs and symptoms, including how they present in patients and how they can be assessed. Early disease detection should rely on seeking a combination of signs and symptoms, rather than isolated findings. Examples of combinations which are strongly suggestive of NP-C include: splenomegaly and vertical supranuclear gaze palsy (VSGP); splenomegaly and clumsiness; splenomegaly and schizophrenia-like psychosis; psychotic symptoms and cognitive decline; and ataxia with dystonia, dysarthria/dysphagia and cognitive decline. VSGP is a hallmark of NP-C and becomes highly specific of the disease when it occurs in combination with other manifestations (e.g. splenomegaly, ataxia). In young infants (<2 years), abnormal saccades may first manifest as slowing and shortening of upward saccades, long before gaze palsy onset. While visceral manifestations tend to predominate during the perinatal and infantile period (2 months–6 years of age), neurological and psychiatric involvement is more prominent during the juvenile/adult period (>6 years of age). Psychosis in NP-C is atypical and variably responsive to treatment. Progressive cognitive decline, which always occurs in patients with NP-C, manifests as memory and executive impairment in juvenile/adult patients. Disease prognosis mainly correlates with the age at onset of the neurological signs, with early-onset forms progressing faster. Therefore, a detailed and descriptive picture of NP-C signs and symptoms may help improve disease detection and early diagnosis, so that therapy with miglustat (Zavesca®), the only available treatment approved to date, can be started as soon as neurological symptoms appear, in order to slow disease progression.

Trasmissione post-natale del citomegalovirus attraverso il latte materno al neonato VLBW

Introduction Postnatal human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually asymptomatic in term babies, while preterm infants are more susceptible to symptomatic CMV infection. Breastfeeding plays a dominant role in the epidemiology of transmission of postnatal CMV infection, but the risk factors of symptomatic CMV infection in preterm infants are unknown. Patients and Methods Between December 2003 and August 2006, eighty Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) preterm infants (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and birth weight < 1500 g), admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of St Orsola-Malpighi General Hospital, Bologna were recruited. All of them were breastfed for at least one month. During the first week of life, serological test for CMV was performed on maternal blood. Furthermore, urinary CMV culture was performed in all the infants in order to exclude a congenital CMV infection. Urine samples from each infant were collected and processed for CMV culture once a week. Once every 15 days a blood sample was taken from each infant to evaluate the complete blood count, the hepatic function and the C reactive protein. In addition, samples of fresh breast milk were processed weekly for CMV culture. A genetic analysis of virus variant was performed in the urine of the infected infants and in their mother’s milk to confirm the origin of infection. Results We evaluated 80 VLBW infants and their 68 mothers. Fifty-three mothers (78%) were positive for CMV IgG antibodies, and 15 (22%) were seronegative. In the seronegative group, CMV was never isolated in breast milk, and none of the 18 infants developed viruria; in the seropositive group, CMV was isolated in 21 out of 53 (40%) mother’s milk. CMV was detected in the urine samples of 9 out of 26 (35%) preterm infants, who were born from 21 virolactia positive mothers. Six of these infants had clinically asymptomatic CMV infection, while 3 showed a sepsis-like illness with bradycardia, tachypnea and repeated desaturations. Eight out of nine infants showed abnormal hematologic values. The detection of neutropenia was strictly related to CMV infection (8/9 infected infants vs 17/53 non infected infants, P<.005), such as the detection of an increase in conjugated bilirubin (3/9 infected infants vs 2/53 non infected infants, P<.05). The degree of neutropenia was not different between the two groups (infected/non infected). The use of hemoderivatives (plasma and/or IgM–enriched immunoglobulin) in order to treat a suspected/certain infection in newborn with GE< 28 ws was seen as protective against CMV infection (1/4 infected infants vs 18/20 non infected infants [GE<28 ws]; P<.05). Furthermore, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (defined both as oxygen-dependency at 30 days of life and 36 ws of postmenstrual age) correlated with symptomatic infection (3/3 symptomatic vs 0/6 asymptomatic: P<.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that CMV infection transmitted to preterm newborn through human milk is always asymptomatic when newborns are clinically stable. Otherwise, the infection can worsen a preexisting disease such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Human milk offers many nutritional and psychological advantages to preterm newborns: according to our data, there’s no reason to contraindicate it neither to pasteurize the milk of all the mothers of preterm infants who are CMV seropositive.