Orphan receptor IL-17RD regulates Toll-like receptor signalling via SEFIR/TIR interactions

Receptor families of the innate immune response engage in 'cross-talk' to tailor optimal immune responses against invading pathogens. However, these responses are subject to multiple levels of regulation to keep in check aberrant inflammatory signals. Here, we describe a role for the orphan receptor interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD) in negatively regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced responses. Deficiency of IL-17RD expression in cells leads to enhanced pro-inflammatory signalling and gene expression in response to TLR stimulation, and Il17rd(-/-) mice are more susceptible to TLR-induced septic shock. We demonstrate that the intracellular Sef/IL-17R (SEFIR) domain of IL-17RD targets TIR adaptor proteins to inhibit TLR downstream signalling thus revealing a paradigm involving cross-regulation of members of the IL-17R and TLR families.

Parker Morris and the Fordist House

6.00 pm. If people like watching T.V. while they are eating their evening meal, space for a low table is needed (Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Space in the Home, 1963, p. 4).

This paper re-examines the 1961 Parker Morris report on housing standards in Britain. It explores the origins, scope, text and iconography of the report and suggests that these not only express a particularly modernist conception of space but one which presupposed very specific economic conditions and geographies.

Also known as Homes for Today and Tomorrow Parker Morris attempted, through the application of scientific principles, to define the minimum living space standards needed to accommodate household activities. But while early modernist research into notions of existenzminimum were the work of avant-garde architects and thinkers, Homes for Today and Tomorrow and its sister design manual Space in the Home were commissioned by the British State. This normalization of scientific enquiry into space can be considered not only as a response to new conditions in the mass production of housing – economies of scale, prefabrication, system-building and modular coordination – but also to the post-war boom in consumer goods. In this, it is suggested that the domestic interior was assigned a key role as a privileged site of mass consumption as the production and micro-management of space in Britain became integral to the development of a planned national economy underpinned by Fordist principles. Parker Morris, therefore, sought to accommodate activities which were pre-determined not so much by traditional social or familial ties but rather by recently introduced commodities such as the television set, white goods, table tennis tables and train sets. This relationship between the domestic interior and the national economy are emblematized by the series of placeless and scale-less diagrams executed by Gordon Cullen in Space in the Home. Here, walls dissolve as space flows from inside to outside in a homogenized and ephemeral landscape whose limits are perhaps only the boundaries of the nation state and the circuits of capital.

In Britain, Parker Morris was the last explicit State-sponsored attempt to prescribe a normative spatial programme for national living. The calm neutral efficiency of family-life expressed in its diagrams was almost immediately problematised by the rise of 1960s counter-culture, the feminist movement and the oil crisis of 1972 which altered perhaps forever the spatial, temporal and economic conditions it had taken for granted. The debate on space-standards, however, continues.

Plan estratégico para la Empresa PC-House S.A.

La investigación que se presenta a continuación esta fundamentada en la necesidad que muestra la empresa PC- HOUSE S.A. por mejorar su estructura administrativa y estratégica las cuales servirán para definir los lineamientos indispensables a seguir en el futuro. Mediante la recopilación de información y entrevistas con los ejecutivos de la empresa se pudo determinar el diseño de tres aspectos importantes dentro de la organización que son: la elaboración de un Plan Estratégico, un Manual Orgánico Funcional y un Plan de Publicidad. Estos tres proyectos cuentan con el apoyo indiscutible del directorio de la empresa para su diseño y ejecución inmediata; los tiempos, responsables y costos de dichos proyectos ya quedan establecidos dentro del presente trabajo de investigación. Con la ayuda de la herramienta FODA se pudo establecer y cuantificar los parámetros más importantes con los que cuenta la empresa actualmente y así mejorar los aspectos relevantes y disminuir los factores de riesgo existentes. La prevención es fundamental es este sentido, ya que permitirá tener un control permanente de los mismos y de esta manera tomar las respectivas acciones correctivas si fuere el caso. El diseño propuesto de la visión y misión están correctamente enmarcadas en las necesidades y requerimientos de la empresa, están dirigidas a todos los miembros de la organización, logrando con esto el compromiso general hacia la consecución de los objetivos planteados.

House Diaries

Short film/video art (mini DV 2’.10’’) featuring urban landscapes and domestic housing previously displayed as part of the 2nd Athens Video Art Festival 2006.7, 8, 9 April 2006 Aggelon Vima.