How do teachers prepare their students for statewide exit exams? A comparison of Finland, Ireland, and the Netherlands

Statewide exit exams are often believed to have a positive impact on school effectiveness and the alignment between instructional practice and state standards because of their mandatory nature and the stakes attached for students and teachers. They may also, however, lead to teaching to the test and to a perceived de-professionalization of the teaching role. While some studies suggest a narrowing of contents and an increase in teacher-centered instruction, little is known about how the impact on instructional practices and teacher cognitions varies between different exam systems. This study compares the strategies teachers use to prepare their students for the exams at the end of upper secondary education in Finland, Ireland, and the Netherlands using a standardized questionnaire survey with responses from 385 teachers. The goal was to develop hypotheses about the relationship between differences in the exam procedures and the stakes attached, and the differences in teacher preparation strategies. The results suggest country-specific variations regarding teacher beliefs as to how much time should be spent on exam preparation; however, there were smaller differences in the strategies applied. Regression analyses indicated that the way in which preparation intensity was associated with the stakes for students and schools, and the attitudes towards the exams themselves varied across the three countries. The different exam systems appeared to affect preparation in markedly different ways, but nevertheless led to the exercise of comparable strategies. (DIPF/Orig.)

The church bells of Norfolk : where, when, and by whom they were made, with the inscriptions on all the bells in the county /

Mode of access: Internet.

Lessons from the Terra Preta de Índios of the Amazon region for the utilisation of charcoal for soil amendment.

Neste trabalho faz-se a divulgação do potencial de carvões e resíduos orgânicos parcialmente carbonizados visando obter materiais que mimetizam a matéria orgânica do solo das Terras Pretas de Índio da Amazônia, e que sirvam como condicionadores de solo e seqüestrem carbono de forma recalcitrante e reativa. Pesquisas desenvolvidas por grupos brasileiros e estrangeiros têm contribuído para o entendimento do surgimento e utilização das Terras Pretas de Índio da Amazônia. Aqui são divulgados resultados de estudos químicos no sentido do desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico e tecnológico e de inovação no aproveitamento de subprodutos orgânicos, principalmente de indústrias de biocombustíveis, carvão vegetal metalúrgico e outros, buscando imitar a excelente performance da chamada Terras Pretas de Índio da Amazônia.

Potencial geopolítico da língua portuguesa para Timor-Leste

Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais

Fronteira, religião, cidade: o papel da igreja católica no processo de organização sócio-espacial de Fátima do Sul/MS (1943-1965)

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Reinterpretando o Concílio Vaticano II: Impactos da Hermenêutica da Continuidade na música litúrgica católica do presente

In this paper, we asked whether a new interpretation given by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger - Benedict XVI - to Vatican Council II, the Hermeneutics of Continuity can have an impact or have impacted yet the musical practice of the Roman Catholic liturgy. According to the Hermeneutics of Continuity, the council shall not constitute a break with previous liturgical practices, but a continuation of an organic movement. The analyses of data obtained from the literature and documentary procedures presented here were based on social autopoietic systems theory by Niklas Luhmann and on the concept of invented tradition by Eric Hobsbawm. We conclude that the Hermeneutics of Continuity has proved to be more a reform of the reform than the reconciliation between two musical and liturgical practices.

Pastoral del Excmo. y Rvmo. señor Arzobispo sobre el divorcio.

"Mandada publicar por la Unión Católica del Uruguay."

Oorkondenboek van het Sticht Utrecth tot 1301 /

Imprint varies.

L'église de Paris pendant la révolution française, 1789-1801,

Mode of access: Internet.

Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv.

Publication suspended, 1942-1948.

Die katholische Lehre von der Höllenfahrt Jesu Christi /

Spine title: Kœrber's Hœllenfahrt.

Memorie e documenti per servire all'istoria di Lucca.

Vol. 4 of the work contains the ecclesiastical history of the city of Lucca, Tuscany.

Mandements, lettres pastorales et circulaires des évêques de Québec,

Mode of access: Internet.

Orazione in lode dell'emin. cardinale Jacopo Monico, patriarca di Venezia : letta nelle solenni esequie che faceva il seminario di Treviso il dái III giugno MDCCCLI /

University of Illinois bookplate: "From the library of Conte Antonio Cavagna Sangiuliani di Gualdana Lazelada di Bereguardo, purchased 1921".