Analitzador del tràfic de Xarxa per entorn Linux 'Sniff All'

L'objectiu d'aquest treball de final de carrera és clar pel que fa a la funcionalitat: es tracta de fer un analitzador de xarxa (vulgarment conegut com a detector) que funcioni en entorns Linux i amb interfícies d'usuari gràfiques.

All Partied Out?

This report presents the initial results from the first specific study on the use of drugs, alcohol and cigarettes within the Northern Ireland Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered (LGB&T) community. Data was gathered from an internet survey of 941 LGB&T people and qualitative research with 37 participants. This work was funded by the Public Health Agency.

A quick, free scan for all men aged 65+

The Northern Ireland Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Screening Programme began in June 2012 and offers AAA screening to all men aged 65 and over in Northern Ireland. All men in their 65th year receive an invite in the post. All men aged over 65 who have not been screened can request an appointment. The aim of the AAA screening programme is to reduce AAA-related mortality by providing systematic, population-based screening.� This poster was sent out to all GPs, GP practice managers and pharmacies as part of a professional information pack in the run-up to the launch of the programme. The poster is also distributed to relevant voluntary organisations and charities as a means of raising awareness among the target population.

Off to a good start: all you need to know about breastfeeding your baby

This book presents the reasons why mothers and babies benefit from breastfeeding and explains how to breastfeed successfully. It covers issues including how breastfeeding works, positioning and attachment, how to know if breastfeeding is going well, expressing milk, breastfeeding and babies in special care, advice on breastfeeding and bed-sharing, dealing with common problems, fitting breastfeeding into your life, and going back to work.

Have all the men and women with a fragility fracture a low bone mineral density? A Nationwide Swiss Survey : FM3

Background: The prevalence of a low bone mineral density (T-score <-1 SD) in postmenopausal women with a fragility fracture may vary from 70% to less than 50%. In one study (Siris ES. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1108-12), the prevalence of osteoporosis was very low at 6.4%. The corresponding values in men are rarely reported. Methods: In a nationwide Swiss survey, all consecutive patients aged 50+ presenting with one or more fractures to the emergency ward, were recruited by 8 participating hospitals (University Hospitals: Basel, Bern, and Lausanne; cantonal hospitals: Fribourg, Luzern, and St Gallen; regional hospitals: Estavayer and Riaz) between 2004 and 2006. Diagnostic workup was collected for descriptive analysis. Results: 3667 consecutive patients with a fragility fracture, 2797 women (73.8 ± 11.6 years) and 870 men (70.0 ± 12.1 years), were included. DXA measurement was performed in 1152 (44%) patients. The mean of the lowest T-score values was -2.34 SD in women and -2.16 SD in men. In the 908 women, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia according to the fracture type was: sacrum (100%, 0%), rib (100%, 0%), thoracic vertebral (78%, 22%), femur trochanter (67%, 26%), pelvis (66%, 32%), lumbar vertebral (63%, 28%), femoral neck (53%, 34%), femur shaft (50%, 50%), proximal humerus (50%, 34%), distal forearm (41%, 45%), tibia proximal (41%, 31%), malleolar lateral (28%, 46%), malleolar median (13%, 47%). The corresponding percentages in the 244 men were: distal forearm (70%, 19%), rib (63%, 11%), pelvis (60%, 20%), malleolar median (60%, 32%), femur trochanter (48%, 31%), thoracic vertebral (47%, 53%), lumbar vertebral (43%, 36%), proximal humerus (40%, 43%), femoral neck (28%, 55%), tibia proximal (26%, 36%), malleolar lateral (18%, 56%). Conclusion: The probability of underlying osteoporosis or osteopenia in men and women aged 50+ who experienced a fragility fracture was beyond 75% in fractures of the sacrum, pelvis, spine, femur, proximal humerus and distal forearm. The medial and lateral malleolar fractures had the lowest predictive value in women, not in men.

Cheap, rapid and efficient DNA extraction method to perform multilocus microsatellite genotyping on all Schistosoma mansoni stages

Schistosomes are endoparasites causing a serious human disease called schistosomiasis. The quantification of parasite genetic diversity is an essential component to understand the schistosomiasis epidemiology and disease transmission patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel assay for a rapid, low costly and efficient DNA extraction method of egg, larval and adult stages of Schistosoma mansoni. One euro makes possible to perform 60,000 DNA extraction reactions at top speed (only 15 min of incubation and 5 handling steps).

Open partial nephrectomy in renal cancer: a feasible gold standard technique in all hospitals

Introduction. Partial nephrectomy (PN) is playing an increasingly important role in localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as a true alternative to radical nephrectomy. With the greater experience and expertise of surgical teams, it has become an alternative to radical nephrectomy in young patients when the tumor diameter is 4 cm or less in almost all hospitals since cancer-specific survival outcomes are similar to those obtained with radical nephrectomy. Materials and Methods. The authors comment on their own experience and review the literature, reporting current indications and outcomes including complications. The surgical technique of open partial nephrectomy is outlined. Conclusions. Nowadays, open PN is the gold standard technique to treat small renal masses, and all nonablative techniques must pass the test of time to be compared to PN. It is not ethical for patients to undergo radical surgery just because the urologists involved do not have adequate experience with PN. Patients should be involved in the final treatment decision and, when appropriate, referred to specialized centers with experience in open or laparoscopic partial nephrectomies

All-around care for patients with Chagas disease: a challenge for the XXI century

In 1987, the University of Pernambuco's Oswaldo Cruz Hospital in Recife, Brazil opened its Chagas Disease and Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic with the aim of providing its patients all-around care through adoption of a biopsychosocial model of care. All-around care involves caring for the patient as a whole human being in the context of the biological, psychological and social factors present, which are an inherent part of the human condition. One prerequisite for the proposed model of care is the participation of a multidisciplinary team of trained technical staff committed to this framework. Although the main focus of the service is on care, teaching and research are also an important part of its work. The Pernambuco Association of Chagas Disease Patients is guided by the same model of care and has been carrying out educational activities relating to the disease, its treatment and support for patients and family members for several years. This Association plays an important role in advocating to public authorities on behalf of patients. The accumulated experience of the past 22 years has shown us that a broad vision of health care can help clinicians and policy makers to make decisions that are more in tune with the everyday reality of the patient, which in turn has a positive impact on adherence to treatment and quality of life.

All-Optical Label Stacking: Easing the Trade-offs Between Routing and Architecture Cost in All-Optical Packet Switching

All-optical label swapping (AOLS) forms a key technology towards the implementation of all-optical packet switching nodes (AOPS) for the future optical Internet. The capital expenditures of the deployment of AOLS increases with the size of the label spaces (i.e. the number of used labels), since a special optical device is needed for each recognized label on every node. Label space sizes are affected by the way in which demands are routed. For instance, while shortest-path routing leads to the usage of fewer labels but high link utilization, minimum interference routing leads to the opposite. This paper studies all-optical label stacking (AOLStack), which is an extension of the AOLS architecture. AOLStack aims at reducing label spaces while easing the compromise with link utilization. In this paper, an integer lineal program is proposed with the objective of analyzing the softening of the aforementioned trade-off due to AOLStack. Furthermore, a heuristic aiming at finding good solutions in polynomial-time is proposed as well. Simulation results show that AOLStack either a) reduces the label spaces with a low increase in the link utilization or, similarly, b) uses better the residual bandwidth to decrease the number of labels even more

Impact of severe epilepsy on development: Recovery potential after successful early epilepsy surgery.

Purpose: Epilepsy surgery in young children with focal lesions offers a unique opportunity to study the impact of severe seizures on cognitive development during a period of maximal brain plasticity, if immediate control can be obtained. We studied 11 children with early refractory epilepsy (median onset, 7.5 months) due to focal lesion who were rendered seizure-free after surgery performed before the age of 6 years. Methods: The children were followed prospectively for a median of 5 years with serial neuropsychological assessments correlated with electroencephalography (EEG) and surgery-related variables. Results: Short-term follow-up revealed rapid cognitive gains corresponding to cessation of intense and propagated epileptic activity [two with early catastrophic epilepsy; two with regression and continuous spike-waves during sleep (CSWS) or frontal seizures]; unchanged or slowed velocity of progress in six children (five with complex partial seizures and frontal or temporal cortical malformations). Longer-term follow-up showed stabilization of cognitive levels in the impaired range in most children and slow progress up to borderline level in two with initial gains. Discussion: Cessation of epileptic activity after early surgery can be followed by substantial cognitive gains, but not in all children. In the short term, lack of catch-up may be explained by loss of retained function in the removed epileptogenic area; in the longer term, by decreased intellectual potential of genetic origin, irreversible epileptic damage to neural networks supporting cognitive functions, or reorganization plasticity after early focal lesions. Cognitive recovery has to be considered as a "bonus," which can be predicted in some specific circumstances.

Improvement in growth after two years of growth hormone therapy in very young children born small for gestational age and without spontaneous catch-up growth: results of a multicenter, controlled, randomized, open clinical trial.

CONTEXT GH treatment is effective in children born small for gestational age (SGA); however, its effectiveness and safety in very young SGA children is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyze the outcome of very young SGA children treated with GH and followed for 2 yr. The results after 24 months of treatment, compared with a control group without treatment during 12 months followed by 12 months of treatment, are shown. DESIGN We performed a multicenter, controlled, randomized, open trial. SETTINGS The pediatric endocrinology departments of 14 public hospitals in Spain participated in the study. PATIENTS Seventy-six children, aged 2-5 yr born SGA and without catch-up growth, were studied. INTERVENTION Children received GH at 0.06 mg/kg.d for 2 yr (group I) or were followed for 12 months with no treatment and then treated for 12 months (group II). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age, general health status, pubertal stage, bone age, height, weight, biochemical and hormonal analyses, and adverse side effects were determined at biannual check-ups. RESULTS The mean height sd score gain for chronological age in children treated for 24 months (group I) was 2.10, whereas in those treated only during the last 12 months (group II) was 1.43. In both groups, children under 4 yr of age had the greatest gain in growth velocity. No significant acceleration of bone age or side effects related to treatment was seen. CONCLUSION Very young SGA children without spontaneous catch-up growth could benefit from GH treatment because growth was accelerated and no negative side effects were observed.

" Firenze restaura " : il dibattito sul restauro nella Firenze del Novecento attraverso i suoi protagonisti : dalla fondazione del Gabinetto dei Restauri all'alluvione

Résumé La ricerca del dibattito sul restauro nella Firenze del Novecento copre un arco temporale piuttosto lungo, che va dall'istituzione del Gabinetto dei restauri fiorentino, avvenuta tra il 1932 e il 1934 sino al 1966, anno della drammatica alluvione che travolse il patrimonio storico e artistico della città di Firenze. Sono più di trent'anni densi di storia, in cui grazie alla tradizionale vocazione artigiana messa in atto di volta in volta attraverso metodiche sperimentali, il Gabinetto dei restauri fiorentino, organizzato da Ugo Procacci affrontò dapprima l'emergenza bellica e, grazie alle esperienze maturate in quella circostanza, fronteggiò i danni provocati alle opere d'arte alluvionate. Lo scopo della ricerca è stato proprio quello di individuare gli aspetti ancora attuali del dibattito sul restauro e sulla conservazione. Filo conduttore è stato il dibattito sull'unificazione dei princìpi del restauro in Italia e quindi, dei suoi riflessi a Firenze. Nella prima parte della ricerca, trattando degli inizi dell'attività del Gabinetto dei restauri di Firenze era inevitabile studiare i riflessi che la creazione dell'Istituto Centrale del Restauro ha avuto sull'ambiente fiorentino. L'incombere della seconda guerra mondiale ebbe un peso determinante nell'accelerare i tempi di attuazione di un simile progetto: si temeva fortemente per le sorti del patrimonio artistico italiano e alle Soprintendenze sarebbe spettato il compito di mettere in salvo il maggior numero possibile di opere d'arte nei rifugi antiaerei e, successivamente, provvedere al restauro delle opere danneggiate: la questione dell'unificazione dei metodi da seguire nel campo del restauro e della conservazione delle opere d'arte era divenuta argomento di urgente attualità a guerra conclusa, soprattutto in vista del recupero delle opere danneggiate, Nella seconda parte del lavoro, trattando gli aspetti più attuali e quindi problematici della storia del restauro fiorentino, in particolare riferiti all'arco cronologico che va dalla metà degli anni Cinquanta sino alla fine degli anni Sessanta, è risultato di estremo interesse analizzare le cause e gli effetti della nota "stagione degli stacchi" e quindi l'avvio del dibattito sulla conservazione preventiva delle pitture murali esposte all'aperto. La questione relativa alla conservazione delle pitture murali esposte all'aperto, nei chiostri e nei tabernacoli, rappresentò il caso paradigmatico attorno al quale l'interesse e le soluzioni adottate per la salvaguardia dei cicli pittorici trovarono gli studiosi e i teorici del restauro italiani e stranieri per un'unica volta tutti concordi nell'avvalersi della prassi sistematica preventiva dello strappo delle pitture murali e del distacco delle sottostanti sinopie. Fu dunque questa l'unica occasione in cui si assistette ad una vera unificazione di intenti a livello nazionale.