Radiatively induced Lorentz and CPT violation in Schwinger constant field approximation

The Schwinger proper-time method is an effective calculation method, explicitly gauge-invariant and nonperturbative. We make use of this method to investigate the radiatively induced Lorentz- and CPT-violating effects in quantum electrodynamics when an axial-vector interaction term is introduced in the fermionic sector. The induced Lorentz- and CPT-violating Chern-Simons term coincides with the one obtained using a covariant derivative expansion but differs from the result usually obtained in other regularization schemes. A possible ambiguity in the approach is also discussed. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Sorption of phenanthrene on agricultural soils

Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sorption to soil is a key process deciding the transport and fate of PAH, and potential toxic impacts in the soil and groundwater ecosystems, for example in connection with atmospheric PAH deposition on soils. There are numerous studies on PAH sorption in relatively low organic porous media such as urban soils and groundwater sediments, but less attention has been given to cultivated soils. In this study, the phenanthrene partition coefficient, KD (liter per kilogram), was measured on 143 cultivated Danish soils (115 topsoils, 0–0.25-m soil depth and 28 subsoils, 0.25–1-m depth) by the single-point adsorption method. The organic carbon partition coefficient, KOC (liter per kilogram) for topsoils was found generally to fall between the KOC values estimated by the two most frequently used models for PAH partitioning, the Abdul et al. (Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials 4(3):211– 222, 1987) model and Karickhoff et al. (Water Research 13:241–248, 1979) model. A less-recognized model by Karickhoff (Chemosphere 10:833–846, 1981), yielding a KOC of 14,918 Lkg−1, closely corresponded to the average measured KOC value for the topsoils, and this model is therefore recommended for prediction of phenanthrene mobility in cultivated topsoils. For lower subsoils (0.25–1-m depth), the KOC values were closer to and mostly below the estimate by the Abdul et al. (Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials 4(3):211–222, 1987) model. This implies a different organic matter composition and higher PAH sorption strength in cultivated topsoils, likely due to management effects including more rapid carbon turnover. Finally, we applied the recent Dexter et al. (Geoderma 144:620–627, 2008) theorem, and calculated the complexed organic carbon and non-complexed organic carbon fractions (COC and NCOC, grams per gram). Multiple regression analyses showed that the NCOC-based phenanthrene partition coefficient (KNCOC) could be markedly higher than the COCbased partition coefficient (KCOC) for soils with a clay/OC ratio <10. This possibly higher PAH sorption affinity to the NCOC fraction needs further investigations to develop more realistic and accurate models for PAH mobility and effects in the environment, also with regard to colloid-facilitated PAH transport.

A fractional approach to the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem

This paper studies the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem having in mind the generalization provided by Fractional Calculus (FC). The study starts by addressing the classical formulation, based on the standard integer order differential calculus and evaluates the time and frequency responses. A first generalization to be investigated consists in the direct replacement of the springs by fractional elements of the dissipative type. It is observed that the responses settle rapidly and no relevant phenomena occur. A second approach consists of replacing the springs by a blend of energy extracting and energy inserting elements of symmetrical fractional order with amplitude modulated by quadratic terms. The numerical results reveal a response close to chaotic behaviour.

Fractional calculus: a survey of useful formulas

This paper presents a survey of useful, established formulas in Fractional Calculus, systematically collected for reference purposes.

Contribuição para o estudo dos subprodutos de uma ETAR: gradados e areias

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, na Área de Especialização de Hidráulica

Nuclear medicine technologist education and training in Europe: literature and web-based findings

Purpose - The education and training of a nuclear medicine technologist (NMT) is not homogeneous among European countries, which leads to different scope of practices and, therefore, different technical skills are assigned. The goal of this research was to characterize the education and training of NMT in Europe. Materials and methods - This study was based on a literature research to characterize the education and training of NMT and support the historical evolution of this profession. It was divided into two different phases: the first phase included analysis of scientific articles and the second phase included research of curricula that allow health professionals to work as NMT in Europe. Results - The majority of the countries [N=31 (89%)] offer the NMT curriculum integrated into the high education system and only in four (11%) countries the education is provided by professional schools. The duration in each education system is not equal, varying in professional schools (2-3 years) and high education level system (2-4 years), which means that different European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, such as 240, 230, 222, 210 or 180 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, are attributed to the graduates. The professional title and scope of the practice of NMT are different in different countries in Europe. In most countries of Europe, nuclear medicine training is not specific and curriculum does not demonstrate the Nuclear Medicine competencies performed in clinical practice. Conclusion - The heterogeneity in education and training for NMT is an issue prevalent among European countries. For NMT professional development, there is a huge need to formalize and unify educational and training programmes in Europe.

PINPIN a-Si: H based structures for X-ray image detection using the laser scanning technique

Conventional film based X-ray imaging systems are being replaced by their digital equivalents. Different approaches are being followed by considering direct or indirect conversion, with the later technique dominating. The typical, indirect conversion, X-ray panel detector uses a phosphor for X-ray conversion coupled to a large area array of amorphous silicon based optical sensors and a couple of switching thin film transistors (TFT). The pixel information can then be readout by switching the correspondent line and column transistors, routing the signal to an external amplifier. In this work we follow an alternative approach, where the electrical switching performed by the TFT is replaced by optical scanning using a low power laser beam and a sensing/switching PINPIN structure, thus resulting in a simpler device. The optically active device is a PINPIN array, sharing both front and back electrical contacts, deposited over a glass substrate. During X-ray exposure, each sensing side photodiode collects photons generated by the scintillator screen (560 nm), charging its internal capacitance. Subsequently a laser beam (445 nm) scans the switching diodes (back side) retrieving the stored charge in a sequential way, reconstructing the image. In this paper we present recent work on the optoelectronic characterization of the PINPIN structure to be incorporated in the X-ray image sensor. The results from the optoelectronic characterization of the device and the dependence on scanning beam parameters are presented and discussed. Preliminary results of line scans are also presented. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in five farms in Holambra, São Paulo, Brazil

A parasitological survey was carried out on 222 inhabitants of five farms in Holambra, located 30 km north of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, on October 1992. Approximately 70% of the inhabitants were found to be infected with at least one species of intestinal parasite. The positive rates of 6 helminths and 7 protozoan species detected are as follows: 5.4% Ascaris lumbricoides; 8.6% Trichuris trichiura; 19.8% Necator americanus; 10.4% Strongyloides stercoralis; 14% Enterobius vermicularis; 0.9% Hymenolepis nana; 3.2% Entamoeba histolytica; 2.7% E. hartmanni; 9.9% E. coli; 14.0% Endolimax nana; 2.3% Iodamoeba butschlii; 10.4% Giardia lamblia; 37.8% Blastocystis hominis. The positive rates of helminth infection were generaly higher in the younger-group under 16 years-old than those in the elder group aged 16 or more, whereas the infection rates of protozoan species were higher in the elder group. The infection rate of Strongyloides was found to be 10.4% by a newly developed sensitive method (an agarplate culture methods).

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic chagasic patients, and in the rural and urban population from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

As patients with chronic Chagas disease exhibit morphological and functional changes of the stomach (hypomotility and hypochlorhydria), malnutrition, immunological deficiency and high prevalence of peptic disease associated to Helicobater pylori infection, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if the prevalence of H. pylori infection in chronic chagasic is higher than in non-chagasic individuals in the urban and rural population from Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Serological determination of IgG antibodies to H. pylori was performed using a second-generation ELISA. Thus, 598 people were evaluated: 128 chagasic (CG), 222 non-chagasic living in urban area (U-NCG) and 248 non-chagasic living in rural area (R-NCG). Regarding the age range from 21 to 50 years, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the CG (85.1%) was significantly higher than in the U-NCG (56.3%, p < 0.01) and the R-NCG (67.4%, p < 0.05). In the patients over 50 years, the prevalence in the CG (86.4%) was similar to the U-NCG (78.8%) and R-NCG (86.1%). Similar results were also found between the U-NCG and R-NCG for all age ranges, with prevalence rates of 29.1% and 35.3% for the age range from 5 to 13 years, and 47.2% and 40% for that from 14 to 20 years, respectively. We conclude that chagasic patients showed a higher seroprevalence of H. pylori infection than non-chagasic individuals, in the age range from 21 to 50 years, and that the prevalence of this infection was similar in the studied urban and rural non-chagasic population.

Ditopic molecular architectures for the recognition of anionic species

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Chemistry

Como Morrem os Doentes numa Enfermaria de Medicina Interna

Os doentes com doença crónica avançada são uma presença diária nas enfermarias de Medicina Interna, não existindo um protocolo de intervenção universal e uniforme. Este estudo pretende ser uma primeira abordagem para avaliar a forma como tratamos e cuidamos destes doentes, quer de etiologia neoplásica, quer de outras doenças crónicas, igualmente consumptivas, como demência, insuficiência cardíaca, VIH/SIDA, doença pulmonar crónica obstrutiva (DPCO). Foram recolhidas informações retrospectivas dos processos clínicos acerca das atitudes e tratamentos prestados a 285 doentes falecidos em 16 meses num hospital de agudos em Lisboa. A caracterização epidemiológica da população foi a esperada, com predomínio de população idosa, dependente, com prevalência de doenças cardíacas e acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC), como diagnósticos principais, seguidas de demência e doenças respiratórias. Do total de falecimentos, 73% foram esperados, mas destes apenas 44% dos doentes estavam integrados em cuidados paliativos. A dor foi avaliada principalmente em doentes de foro neoplásico, sendo a analgesia administrada em 77% dos casos. A decisão de receberem cuidados paliativos foi discutida com a família em 26% dos doentes, mas não foi em nenhum caso discutido com o próprio doente. Consideramos que é necessário formação e informação para uma abordagem mais sistematizada do doente com doença crónica avançada e das suas necessidades. A definição explícita das expectativas de vida e uma abordagem sistemática da pesquisa de dor em todos estes, é necessária para garantir melhor qualidade dos cuidados prestados em fim de vida.

Células Endoteliais e Recuperação Visual

Na revisão bibliográfica encontramos perdas de céluas endoteliais que vão dos 4 aos 25%. Os vários estudos comparam EEC com e sem OVD, EEC e facoemulsificação, cataratas de diferente "dureza", entre outras variáveis. Também a idade, a ruptura do saco ou a perda de vítreo influenciavam estes resultados. As novas tecnologias para facoemulsificação como a peça de mão Ozil torsional que como o nome indica tem a capacidade de movimento torsional lateral (que desbasta a catarata além do movimento longitudinal da peça de mão convencional que emulsifica) torna os gestos cirúrgicos mais eficazes e seguros, reduzindo o traumatismo endotelial. Os AA fizeram um estudo prospectivo em que distribuíram 40 olhos de forma aleatória em dois grupos: 20 olhos foram operados por faco torsional e as restantes 20 cataratas foram operadas por faco convencional. Neste estudo comparativo entre faco torsional e convencional, o primeiro necessitou de menos ultrasons (0,048 versus 0,083), obteve uma acuidade visual média ligeiramente melhor (0,63 versus 0,54) e menor perda celular endotelial (3% versus 6,9%), no 1º dia de pós-operatório. Como se sabe, são múltiplos os factores que influenciam o resultado cirúrgico: o local e tamanho da incisão, a composição das soluções salinas, os dispositivos visco-elásticos, os produtos potencialmente tóxicos aplicados intra-operatoriamente, o tempo de cirurgia, a dureza da catarata, além das técnicas cirúrgicas e dos aparelhos utilizados.

Espaço-tempo e mobilidade territorial

Esta comunicação tem como objectivo discutir a validade da Hipótese da Transição da MobiUdade Territorial de Zelinski no mundo globalizado actual. Nas últimas décadas, poucos têm sido os contiibutos conceptuais e teóricos para a problemática da mobilidade territorial. A Hipótese da Transição da Mobilidade Territorial do geógrafo americano Wilbur Zelinski publicada na Geographical Review, em 1971, continua a ser uma grande contiibuição nesse sentido. Merece, assim, atenção especial dos cientistas sociais empenhados na teorização e conceptualização da mobilidade espacial. Zelinski (1971: 221-222) resumiu a sua Hipótese na seguinte sentença: Há regularidades bem definidas e padronizadas no crescimento da mobilidade pessoal através do espaço-tempo nos períodos recentes da História e essas regularidades são um componente fundamental do processo de modernização.

Análise da aplicação do betume modificado com borracha em Portugal

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil Construção

Primary Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Concise Review Based on a Clinical Case Baseada num Caso Clínico

O Mesotelioma peritoneal maligno é um tumor maligno relacionado frequentemente com exposição prolongada a fibras de amianto, de mau prognóstico, de diagnóstico geralmente tardio, face à pouca expressão clínica na fase inicial da doença. Como o mesotelioma evolui geralmente só na cavidade peritoneal, doentes seleccionados poderão ter maior sobrevivência se for possível a peritonectomia extensa e quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal intraoperatória. Os autores referem a sincronicidade ainda não descrita, de mesotelioma peritoneal maligno primário e carcinoma de Grawitz. São revistos concisamente: a clínica destes tumores, síndromes paraneoplásicos (disfunção bioquímica hepática, emagrecimento extremo); etiopatogenia da acção cancerígena das fibras de amianto; mecanismos de disseminação intraperitoneal; avaliação tomodensitométrica; importância da imunohistoquímica no diagnóstico histopatológico; estadiamento; importância do tratamento multidisciplinar destes tumores.