Identificação de bactérias do filoplano de citros capazes de interromper o quórum sensing em Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Utilização de bacteriófagos ambientais no controle de biofilmes de Salmonella spp. em superfícies utilizadas na indústria de processamento e comercialização de frango de corte e derivados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito de scaffolds de nanofibras incorporados com antibióticos sobre biofilmes formados por bactérias presentes nos canais radiculares

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comparação de dois tipos de retalho para enxerto de tecido conjuntivo no tratamento de recessões gengivais: estudo clínico controlado randomizado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Halitose na geriatria: diagnóstico, causas e prevalência

Halitosis is the unpleasant odor of exhaust air through the mouth and lungs. There are over 50 causes, and approximately 90% of cases, is of oral origin. May have physiological origin (stress, breath of morning, fasting, and inappropriate diets), local reasons (bad oral hygiene, bacterial plaque retained on the tongue and/or tonsils, lower production of saliva, gum disease) or systemic reasons (diabetes, kidney or liver problems, constipation, etc.). In the Third Age, this problem tends to increase significantly. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect the presence of halitosis in the geriatric group attended in the dental clinic of UNIRP, identifying their incidence and principal causes. The sample consisted of 48 volunteer patients aged 60 years or older and included more than 90% of patients treated in this age group. It was performed a anamnesis and physical examination. The intra-oral halitosis was detected using a breath meter (halimeter). In the group studied, approximately 54.16% had halitosis, 84.61% of these were users of the prosthesis. The tongue coating was present in 80.76% of individuals with halitosis. After brushing the tongue, 88.46% of patients with halitosis have had the initial index oral malodor decreased. Based on the results of this study it was concluded that factors as dental prostheses and tongue coating are critical factors in causing halitosis.

Biofilmes orais como um possível fator de risco ao câncer bucal: revisão da literatura

Introduction: much studies regarding risk factors associated with oral cancer. Factors such as smoking and alcohol and solar radiation are well established, but others, such as bacterial influence in the development or progression of a tumor still remain unexplained. Interest in the possible relationship between bacteria and different stages of cancer development has increased since the classification of H. pylori by the WHO as a definite carcinogen. Subsequently, links between infection and the onset of cancer in various sites in the body were discovered. Review of literature: this literature review attempts to show the influence of poor oral hygiene, with consequent bacterial accumulation as a possible important risk factor for the initiation and development of mouth cancer, and correlate the possible mechanisms by which bacteria can initiate or promote carcinogenesis. Conclusion: there is much evidence that bacteria in the oral cavity and periodontopathic are present in tumor tissue, however, still can not affirm that these bacteria initiate or promote carcinogenesis.

Controle da placa bacteriana dentária e suas formas de registro

Dental plaque is the principal etiological agent of periodontal disease, one of oral diseases more prevalent in the world. Due existence of relation between periodontal disease and oral hygiene, on the point of periodontal view, it was developed a growing interesting by experimental research and by clinical investigations. The knowledge of problem, its extension, severity, hypothetic cause is so valuable to establish prevention, control and treatment acts. In this form, the use of plaque index becomes more and more often, being valuable the determination of discriminatory power of them. The aim of this work was to describe and analyze principal forms to register of dental plaque aiming to subsidize the researcher and dental surgeon on adoption of most adequate method for their case. Data bases: Medline, Lilacs and BBO were consulted without limit to identify the format of register of each index described on literature. It was observed the use of Oral Hygiene Index on diverse ways like: clinical evaluation of dental plaque, in products evaluation works and dental Office; patients monitoring; instruction about hygiene and oral hygiene technique. It was noted that dental plaque indexes are useful and allows the register of different forms point out the importance of its use on clinical and researches practice.

Detecção de microrganismos de infecções bucais: perspectivas e cuidados a serem seguidos

The diagnosis of head and neck infections constitutes relevant step in their treatment. However, in spite of the fact that most of diseases in head and neck region are infectious in nature, several reasons collaborated for dentists do not ask laboratory tests in order to help clinical diagnosis. By mean of this review literature, based on research articles about the newest and most reliable methods of diagnosis for clinical laboratories, the authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each selected method and the relevant aspects in transportation of the specimens to the laboratory. Saliva, biofilm, pus, and blood are the most frequent specimens for microbial diagnosis, being that the most used methods are culture and those based on detection of deoxyribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction method. Whereas, the culture depends on cellular viability, and has reduced sensitivity, as well as needs favorable conditions in the sample collection and transportation, PCR shows high sensitivity and specificity, but it does not allow the determination of antibiogram, what reduces its usefulness. In addition, few laboratories possess conditions to perform cultivation of obligate anaerobes or have experience in the molecular detection of these microorganisms.

Atividade inibitória de extratos de plantas da savana brasileira sobre microrganismos superinfectantes e oportunistas

A utilização de compostos naturais na medicina de populações tradicionais é uma realidade em todo o mundo e o cerrado brasileiro apresenta grande diversidade de vegetais com uso potencial no tratamento de infecções por microrganismos oportunistas. Esse estudo avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos vegetais do cerrado brasileiro sobre microrganismos oportunistas e superinfectantes. Nos testes foram preparados extratos hidroalcoólicos e aquosos de 22 espécies de plantas utilizadas nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste como parte da medicina popular. Esses extratos foram testados sobre Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 e dez isolados clínicos de cada uma dessas espécies microbianas. Inicialmente foi realizada uma triagem para se determinar a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos. Em seguida, foram realizados testes para avaliar a maior diluição inibitória dos extratos por meio do método de diluição em caldo e testes de atividade inibitória em biofilme. Os resultados demonstraram que embora aproximadamente 20% de todos os extratos mostraram atividade inibitória sobre algum dos microrganismos alvo, os mais ativos foram os extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos de araçá e aroeira, se mostrando ativos frente a todos os microrganismos.

Distribution of serotype-specific genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitns in Brazilian patients with Down syndrome with different periodontal conditions

Fundação do Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anaeróbios do complexo vermelho de Socransky e infecções bucais em pacientes com imunocomprometimento: características clínicas e prognóstico do tratamento

Os anaeróbios obrigatórios que compõem o complexo vermelho de Socransky são reconhecidos pelo seu envolvimento nas doenças periodontais humanas, mas em pacientes imunocomprometidos os mesmos parecem estar associados a quadros sépticos mais graves e de tratamento mais complexo. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a ocorrência de Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) e Treponema denticola (Td) no biofilme, mucosas e saliva de 160 pacientes HIV+, 5 pacientes leucêmicos, 50 pacientes submetidos à radioterapia para tratamento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e sua correlação com sintomatologia clínica. Amostras de biofilme sub e supragengival, saliva e mucosas foram coletadas após a realização do exame clínico intrabucal. Após a extração do DNA, a detecção desses microrganismos era realizada por PCR. Esses patógenos foram detectados de todos os espécimes clínicos de pacientes com necrose de tecidos moles bucais. Nos pacientes HIV+, a frequência de detecção de Pg e Tf entre pacientes com periodontite foi 2,8 e 2,1 vezes mais elevada do que a observada nos indivíduos periodontalmente saudáveis. T. denticola foi detectado apenas nos sítios com necrose, supuração e perda óssea pronunciada. Pg e Tf se mostraram associados com perda óssea e sangramento gengival. A presença desses microrganismos esteve associada a odor fétido e dor, o que pode auxiliar o clínico na escolha de antimicrobianos como auxiliares do tratamento, devendo-se evitar o emprego de β-lactâmicos, podendo-se associar essas drogas ao metronidazol.

Lesão fibro-óssea na mandíbula associada à osteomielite

A displasia cemento-óssea é o tipo mais comum dentre as lesões fibro-ósseas, podendo apresentar-se de 3 maneiras: periapical, focal e florida. Paciente parda, de 53 anos, compareceu com queixa de “secreção na gengiva” e histórico de exodontia na região há 8 meses. À inspeção apresentou uma leve tumefação na região vestibular posterior esquerda da mandíbula e uma pequena fístula drenando pus. Realizou-se uma radiografia panorâmica, que revelou uma lesão de radiopacidade mista na região de molares inferiores direitos, medindo 2 cm de diâmetro; outra lesão radiopaca na região de pré-molares esquerdos, de 6mm de diâmetro - ambas bem delimitadas; e outra área radiolúcida com radiopacidade central, com halo radiopaco na região infectada, medindo 1,5 cm de diâmetro. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi de displasia cemento-óssea infectada, cisto periapical infectado associado à displasia e osteomielite. Após antibioticoterapia, realizou-se biópsia e curetagem da área. Microscopicamente apresentou áreas de tecido cemento-ósseo em forma trabecular e no local onde deveria haver tecido fibroso, presença de biofilme bacteriano, conteúdo hemorrágico e restos necróticos. No tecido de granulação removido observou-se intenso infiltrado inflamatório e áreas de calcificação cementóide. As características microscópicas juntamente com os achados clínicos e radiográficos levaram ao diagnóstico de osteomielite aguda supurativa secundária a lesão fibro-óssea, sugestiva de displasia cemento-óssea florida.

Família Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii e Pseudomonados na microbiota bucal de pacientes mantidos em unidades de terapia intensiva

Enteric organisms, pseudomonads and other opportunistic microorganisms in the oral microbiota have been linked to serious infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU). The present study evaluated the presence of family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii in the mouth of patients in ICU, correlating it with oral and systemic conditions. Data on health, socioeconomic status, medication use, drug addiction, medical and family histories of patients held for more than 72 hours in the ICU with a diagnosis of severe infection or that developed this condition after entry in said unit were obtained. Fifty patients provided clinical samples of supragingival and subgingival biofilms, saliva and oral mucous membranes were collected, as well as respiratory secretions from patients with pneumonia, blood and urine for sepsis. The presence of target microorganisms was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by culture using selective media. The Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was 5%. The intraoral clinical conditions of the patients were poor. The family Enterobacteriaceae was the most prevalent, affecting 39.5% of the supragingival biofilm samples of patients attended in ICU and 18.6% of patients in the control group, besides the rods were the only group found in extraoral samples.

Classe mollicutes na boca de pacientes com dependência química

Drug addiction is one of the biggest public health problems worldwide, not only by the dimensions of the problem, but also by the severity of the damage, creating favorable conditions for opportunistic microorganisms such as class Mollicutes. This study aims to evaluate the presence of the main species and genera of this group in the subgingival biofilm of drug addiction patients, comparing them with non-dependent subjects. For this purpose, data on systemic health conditions, socioeconomic characteristics, drug addiction from 72 patients with drug addiction kept in rehab clinics and 100 non-dependent patients who formed the control group were obtained. Intra and extraoral clinical examinations were performed and samples of subgingival plaque were collected through sterile absorbent paper cones. The presence of different genera and species of the class Mollicutes was evaluated by PCR using the specific primers and conditions for each microorganism. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for comparisons of three or more variables and the Mann-Whitney test, with significance level of 5%. Out of species and genera evaluated, Mycoplasma salivarium showed correlation with gingival inflammation in both patient groups and was more frequently detected among drug addiction patients

Enterococcus spp. em espécimes clínicos de pacientes atendidos em unidades de terapia intensiva

The relationship between the occurrence of enterococci in the oral microbiota and serious infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) has been established. This study evaluated the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and other species of this genus in the mouths of patients on ICU, correlating it with oral and systemic conditions. Data on health and socioeconomic, medication use, medical and family history of patients maintained for 72 hours in the ICU, diagnosed with severe infection or who have developed this condition after the entry to the unit were obtained. Fifty patients provided intraoral and extraoral clinical samples for analysis (above and subgingival biofilm, saliva and buccal mucosa, followed by obtaining samples of respiratory secretions for patients with pneumonia, and blood and urine for sepsis). The presence of target microorganisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture using selective media. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was 5%. The intraoral clinical conditions of the patients showed poor. E. faecalis was significantly more frequent microorganism, followed by E. faecium. The use of broadspectrum antimicrobial action was associated with the presence of these opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria were more frequent in patients with periodontitis or gingivitis. The results showed that enterococci associated with serious infectious processes may originate from resident microbiota of patients and its prevalence is not elevated in healthy individuals.