Octave Uzanne’s L’Éventail: a literary mythology of the fan

In the last half of the nineteenth century, the folding fan was phenomenally popular in France. The accessory was a ubiquitous component of women’s dress, yet it also attracted the attention of some prominent collectors and Orientalists as well as acquiring an importance in the art and literature of the period. In many plastic works and literary texts devoted to it, the fan retains a link with femininity, and particularly with feminine sexuality, even as its identity as an art object is emphasized. Octave Uzanne’s L’Éventail (1882), a self-professed literary history of the fan, exemplifies this dualistic treatment as it presents the fan both as a titillating intimate companion of women and as a literary and (although to a lesser extent) art historical subject. This article focuses on Uzanne’s treatment of the fan’s early history in the Far and Middle East. By comparing his text with other contemporary histories of the fan, it demonstrates that the “history” of the accessory may be more accurately described as a mythology.

Effective grain size distribution analysis for interpretation of tidal-deltaic facies: West Bengal Sundarbans

Research over the past two decades on the Holocene sediments from the tide dominated west side of the lower Ganges delta has focussed on constraining the sedimentary environment through grain size distributions (GSD). GSD has traditionally been assessed through the use of probability density function (PDF) methods (e.g. log-normal, log skew-Laplace functions), but these approaches do not acknowledge the compositional nature of the data, which may compromise outcomes in lithofacies interpretations. The use of PDF approaches in GSD analysis poses a series of challenges for the development of lithofacies models, such as equifinal distribution coefficients and obscuring the empirical data variability. In this study a methodological framework for characterising GSD is presented through compositional data analysis (CODA) plus a multivariate statistical framework. This provides a statistically robust analysis of the fine tidal estuary sediments from the West Bengal Sundarbans, relative to alternative PDF approaches.

Phytoremediation assessment of Gomphrena globosa and Zinnia elegans grown in arsenic-contaminated hydroponic conditions as a safe and feasible alternative to be applied in arsenic-contaminated soils of the Bengal Delta

Several agricultural fields show high contents of arsenic because of irrigation with arsenic- contaminated groundwater. Vegetables accumulate arse- nic in their edible parts when grown in contaminated soils. Polluted vegetables are one of the main sources of arsenic in the food chain, especially for people living in rural arsenic endemic villages of India and Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of floriculture in the crop rotation system of arsenic en- demic areas of the Bengal Delta. The effects of different arsenic concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg As L−1) and types of flowering plant (Gomphrena globosa and Zinnia elegans) on plant growth and arsenic accumula- tion were studied under hydroponic conditions. Total arsenic was quantified using atomic absorption spec- trometer with hydride generation (HG-AAS). Arsenic was mainly accumulated in the roots (72 %), followed by leaves (12 %), stems (10 %), and flowers (<1 %). The flowering plants studied did not show as high phytoremediation capacities as other wild species, suchas ferns. However, they behaved as arsenic tolerant plants and grew and bloomed well, without showing any phytotoxic signs. This study proves that floriculture could be included within the crop rotation system in arsenic-contaminated agricultural soils, in order to im- prove food safety and also food security by increasing farmer’s revenue.

西學凡Xi xue fan.Sur les sciences européennes.

Cat. imp., liv. 125, f. 31.Par le P. Aleni (1582-1649). Préfaces de Yang Ting jun (1623), de He Yi yuan (1626). Postface de Xiong Shi qi. Gravé par la mission du Fu jian, à la salle Qin yi, sans date.

奉旨繙譯職方外紀Feng zhi fan yi zhi fang wai ji.Traité de géographie traduit par ordre impérial.

Préface du traducteur, le P. Giulio Aleni, (1623) ; préface non datée de Ye Xiang gao, pour la 2e édition faite au Fu jian, la 1re étant du Zhe jiang.6 livres, avec 2 cartes du globe et cartes des parties du monde. — Cat. imp., liv. 71, f. 17.

奉旨繙譯職方外紀Feng zhi fan yi zhi fang wai ji.Traité de géographie traduit par ordre impérial.

Préface du traducteur, le P. Giulio Aleni, (1623) ; préface non datée de Ye Xiang gao, pour la 2e édition faite au Fu jian, la 1re étant du Zhe jiang.6 livres, avec 2 cartes du globe et cartes des parties du monde. — Cat. imp., liv. 71, f. 17.

順德馮駙馬在安南征勝寶樂番賊故事Shun de feng fu ma zai an nan zheng sheng bao luo fan ze gu shi.Histoire de Feng, de Shun de, gendre du roi d'Annam, qui vainquit les barbares à Bao luo.

Feng Ru lan, vers 1840 ; conte Chinois.

依主至範Yi zhu zhi fan.

Imitation de Notre-Seigneur.Version complète sans nom d'auteur.

聽彌撒凡例Ting mi sa fan li.

Règles pour assister à la messe.Par le P. Piñuela.11 feuillets.

華番和合通書Hua fan he he tong shu.

Contient : I東西洋球圖Dong xi yang qiu tu ; II天地出產禽獸畧Tian di chu chan qin shou lüe ; III論星儀師生問荅Lun xing yi shi sheng wen da ; IV古今紀事錄Gu jin ji shi lu ; V眞神天皇上帝親諭十條聖誡略解Zhen shen tian huang shang di qin yu shi tiao sheng jie lüe jie ; VI論悔罪信耶穌Lun hui zui xin ye su ; VII論罪之報Lun zui zhi bao ; VIII鴉片進中國畧Ya pian jin zhong guo lüe ; alias : 鴉片來中國統計若干列Ya pian lai zhong guo tong ji ruo gan lie ; IX勸戒鴉片煙眞良言Quan jie ya pian yan zhen liang yan ; IX豆蔻樹略論Dou hou shu lüe lun ; XI戒酒文Jie jiu wen ; XII論過年之道Lun ge nian zhi dao ; XIII日月交蝕定識文Ri yue jiao shi ding shi wen ; XIV日月刻度通書Ri yue ke du tong shu

The effect of feeding regime on larval black fly (Diptera: simuliidae) primary head fan ray number

Identification of larval simuliids has always been difficult due to the morphological similarity many species bear to one another. For this reason all characters available have been drawn upon to aid in species identification, including head fan ray number. Even in light of an increasing body of anecdotal reports that head fan ray number is not fixed, it has continued to be used to aid species identification. In the current experiment simuliid larvae were reared under controlled laboratory conditions to last instar in one of three feeding regimes. Out of nine trials, the results of six showed a significant inverse relationship between feeding regime and head fan ray number. In addition to the laboratory experiments, larvae were also collected from the field over the course of the spring and summer, 1994. From these samples significant interspecific and intraspecific variations in head fan ray number were found both spatially and temporally within Algonquin Park. From these data it is concluded that head fan ray number for the species analysed is a developmentally plastic character, which varies in response to food availability. Furthermore, given the extreme variations in head fan ray number found in some species, I recommend that head fan ray number not be used as an aid to identification unless it can be shown to be a fixed character for the species in question.

The sedimentology of the Bloomington fan complex: an element of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Southern Ontario

The Oak Ridges Moraine is a major physiographic feature of south-central Ontario, extending from Rice Lake westward to the Niagara Escarpment. While much previous work has largely postulated a relatively simple the origin of the moraine, recent investigations have concentrated on delineating the discernible glacigenic deposits (or landform architectural elements) which comprise the complex mosaic of the Oak Ridges Moraine. This study investigates the sedimentology of the Bloomington fan complex, one of the oldest elements of the Oak Ridges Moraine. The main sediment body of the Bloomington fan complex was deposited during early stages of the formation of the Oak Ridges Moraine, when the ice subdivided, and formed a confined, interlobate lake basin between the northern and southern lobes. Deposition from several conduits produced a fan complex characterized by multiple, laterally overlapping, fan bodies. It appears that the fans were active sequentially in an eastward direction, until the formation of the Bloomington fan complex was dominated by the largest fan fed by a conduit near the northeastern margin of the deposit. Following deposition of the fan complex, the northern and southern ice margins continued to retreat, opening drainage outlets to the west and causing water levels to drop in the lake basin. Glaciofluvial sediment was deposited at this time, cutting into the underlying fan complex. Re-advancing northern ice then closed westerly outlets, and caused water levels to increase, initiating the re-advance of the southern ice. As the southern ice approached the Bloomington fan, it deposited an ice-marginal sediment complex consisting of glacigenic sediment gravity flows, and glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments exhibiting north and northwesterly paleocurrents. Continued advance of the southern ice, overriding the fan complex, ii produced large-scale glaciotectonic deformation structures, and deposited the Halton Till. The subaqueous fan depositional model that is postulated for the Bloomington fan complex differs from published models due to the complex facies associations produced by the multiple conduit sources of sediment feeding the fans. The fluctuating northern and southern ice margins, which moved across the study area in opposite directions, controlled the water level in the interlobate basin and caused major changes in depositional environments. The influence of these two lobes also caused deposition from two distinct source directions. Finally, erosion, deposition, and deformation of the deposit with the readvance of the southern ice contributed further to the complexity of the Bloomington fan complex.