983 resultados para Aterro sanitário - Rio Claro (SP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Caracterização das unidades ecológicas da zona ripária de microbacias da bacia do rio Corumbataí, SP
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The use of rainwater for non-potable purposes generates a reduction in the consumption of treated water, however, this reduction is not observed in the generation of wastewater, as this is independent of the water source. In Brazil, the pricing on the services of collection and treatment of sewage, in general, is based on the coefficient of return of the sewage disposal system, which has a relation sewer / water proportional to the consumption of treated water measured at the consumer unit. The use of rainwater originating from utilization systems infer on the coefficient, underestimating the volume of wastewater generated. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for setting the coefficient of return. Different roof areas, reservoir volumes and rates of water consumption situations were simulated. The behavior of adjustment of the coefficient of return were also analyzed for the average area per capita roof (m² / inhabitant) of Rio Claro - SP. As a result, it can be seen that the adjustment of the coefficient of return is directly proportional to the increase of the roof areas and the volumes of reservoirs, and inversely proportional to the total water demand. The corrected coefficient of return showed the minimum value of 0.83 and a maximum value of 1.45, this variation corresponds to the maximum ratio between the demands of total water and rainwater, since the exploitation of rain water should be used only for non-potable uses, according to NBR 15527 / 07. To the municipality of Rio Claro - SP was noted an adjustment of the coefficient of return ranging from 0.99 to 6.61
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The basin of the Corumbataí river is of vital importance to over 600 thousand people, who depend on its waters for consumption. The Simplified Analisys of Environmental Impacts in the Areas Surrounding the Surface Waters of the Drainage Basin of the Corumbataí River (SP) is aimed at defining the areas which are most susceptible to degradation or already damaged and propose engineering solutions according to the environmental problems identified. Using a questionnaire to indicate possible impacts in the surroundings, I related human actions to these damage and quantified them. Having studied the basin extensively and selected 42 areas - generically identified as points and grouped as sub-basins and according to the soil usage -, I was able to identify the main environmental impacts in the basin as: sugar cane monoculture, lack of riparian forest, damaged areas due to mining, the bad state of rural roads and bridges, rubbish disposal alongside roads or directly into the river, accelerated and unplanned expansion of residential and industrial areas into the rural areas and river sources, and Rio Claro's untreated city wastewater
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a população de Bryconamericus turiuba do rio Passa Cinco com relação à estrutura em comprimento, proporção sexual, dinâmica alimentar, aspectos reprodutivos e condição corporal. O local estudado é um dos principais rios da sub-bacia do rio Corumbataí. Foram amostradas três pontos na região do alto curso contemplando trechos de ordem 2, 3 e 4. As amostragens foram realizadas ao longo de um ano e os apetrechos de pesca utilizados foram: peneira,, aparelho de pesca elétrica e covos. Foram capturados 191 indivíduos, sendo a maior quantidade no ponto 2 e na estação de cheia. A estrutura em comprimento da espécie revelou que os indivíduos não ultrapassaram 8 cm de comprimento padrão e que machos e fêmeas apresentaram comprimentos diferentes, sendo as fêmeas maiores que os machos. A proporção sexual não diferiu do esperado. Houve diferença entre os graus de gordura acumulada na cavidade visceral e graus de repleção estomacal dos peixes entre os pontos e épocas, sendo que na seca todos os indivíduos capturados apresentavam-se sem gordura. Foram analisados 49 estômagos. Onze diferentes itens alimentares foram encontrados nos conteúdos estomacais, sendo que inseto terrestre adulto apresentou-se como preferencial em alto grau. As dietas não apresentaram diferença entre os pontos de coleta nem entre as épocas. A maioria dos indivíduos com gônadas maduras foi capturada na estação seca, indicando que a reprodução ocorre neste período e estende-se por vários meses. Foram analisados 42 pares de ovários maduros. A fecundidade obtida foi 576 ovócitos, com diâmetro variando de 147 Vm a 1.176 Vm. A espécie em estudo pode ser considerada estrategista-k quanto as suas táticas reprodutivas, por possuir baixa fecundidade, pequeno porte e desova prolongada durante...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The anaerobic treatment of sewage is widely employed in Brazil and it is an appreciated way for the treatment of effluents, helping to reduce the environmental impact in rivers. The methane gas obtained from the process can be applied to improve the energetic efficiency of the system, reducing the amount of waste and the cost of the treatment process. This work presents the net energy balance of anaerobic reactors applied to the treatment of sewage. The analysis was performed considering full-scale and laboratory-scale treatment systems. In laboratory scale, the results from three kinds of systems were compared regarding the biological treatment of greywater. Two of them (UASB7 and UASB12) were anaerobic and the other one was a combined anaerobic-aerobic system (UASB7/SBR6). Greywater methanization (compared to theoretical maximum) was calculated considering 100% removal (g BOD/day), the literature percentage removal and the anionic surfactant presence in the effluentt. For each of these three cases, the efficiencies were, respectively, 16.9%, 43.6% and 51.3% in UASB7 reactor, 25.6%, 50.3% and 59.2% in UASB12 reactor and 30.6%, 61.2% and 71.9% in UASB7/SBR6 reactor. The energetic potential was found to be 4.66x10-4, 7.77x10-4 and 5.12x10-4 kWh/L for the UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SBR6 reactors, respectively. The pumping system, the aeration (in the anaerobic-aerobic system) and the temperature controlled heating system were considered to calculate the energetic consumption. However, the third one was not employed since tropical regions like Brazil do not need heating systems and also because of its high energetic consumption. The calculated net energy balance in the reactors was negative in the case of greywater, respectively -0.16, -0.28 and -0.18 kWh/L for the reactors UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SRB6. In full scale (ETE Jardim das Flores - Rio Claro, SP), the average energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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A number of 170 individuals of the species Pimelodus maculatus, a Neotropical fish known as mandi was collected in three distinct locations of the Piracicaba river (Piracicaba, Santa Maria da Serra and Americana – SP0 from April 2009 to February 2010. A common species of catfish whose individuals exist in many neotropical basins was observed to get more information about a possible influence of the water conditions in distant parts of a same river to its condition and also to verify whether the stomach contents of fish collected in these distinct places may distinguish as a possible consequence of food availability. The species were studied by collecting biological data such as standard length (SL) in cm, their total weights (TW ) in grams and sexes to see the composition of fish present in the samples. Length-weight relationships are important means to investigate facts related to the condition of the species in these systems. The analysis was made by using covariance to observe if individuals of similar lengths collected in distinct places may be compared to this purpose. Usual methods to investigate relationships of stomach food contents were applied. By analyzing the condition factor, one may conclude that the mandis collected in the region of Santa Maria da Serra presented similar characteristics to those obtained in Piracicaba, but they differ in this aspect for individuals collected in Americana. This fact is not conclusive about the reasons of this situation, but it may be a first step to other studies in order to get more information about. The degree of stomach repletion may be a first approach to this possible explanation, as individuals of Piracicaba presented usually full stomachs and differed in this way to individuals collected in the two other places
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The study of mathematical modeling assists in evaluation of the capacity of production and measurement of generation time of biogas in landfills, enabling the implantation of projects of energy generation from methane. Thus, the work aims, by simulating scenarios of potential methane generation in the landfill in Rio Claro, the use of field data from methane flow and waste grounded parameters as references for selecting values of k e L0 used to estimate methane generation model in LandGEM. As a result it was found that compared the characteristics adopted in the four scenarios recommended by the USEPA literature with those found in the landfill of Rio Claro (high amount of organic matter in the waste landed and daily practice of leachate recirculation), the scenario that apparently better represent the rate of methane generation is the scenario 01, with k = 0.7 and L0 = 96. Now, the adjustment of parameters in relation to the data field of methane flow, the value of L0 which best fits the methane generation from the landfill in Rio Claro is 150, while for k the line behavior that best represents the reality are values between 0.7 and 0.3. Regarding the parameters of the waste grounded, between the suggested values of k, 0,3 is most consistent with the intermediate level of biological degradation of the residue grounded, while L0 due to the biodegradability of the waste, a new value between 120 and 150 may be more appropriate for the study
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O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as possíveis diferenças no teor de nitrogênio e fósforo na biomassa de Pistia stratiotes, que coloniza um rio com caracterísicas naturais (Aguapeú) e outro, que recebe grande carga de efluentes domésticos (rio do Poço). Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de água e indivíduos de P.stratiotes (cinco réplicas) nesses rios. Paralelamente foram feitas medidas diretas de variáveis físico-químicas na água (pH, temperatura, condutividade elétrica, salinidade e turbidez). Em laboratório, foram determinados os teores de oxigênio dissolvido e a alcalinidade das amostras de água, bem como as concentrações de nitrogênio orgânico total, nitrogênio orgânico dissolvido, N-amoniacal N-nitrito, N-nitrato, fósforo total, fósforo dissolvido e P-ortofosfato. Os indivíduos de P. stratiotes coletados tiveram o número de folhas, diâmetro da roseta, altura da parte aérea e, o comprimento e volume da raiz medidos logo após a coleta. Esse material vegetal foi separado em biomassa aérea e submersa, seco e moído para a determinação da biomassa e dos teores de nitrogênio e fósforo totais. Observou-se que o rio Poço apresentou anoxia e as maiores concentrações de nutrientes na água. Pistia stratiotes apresentou maior biomassa e teores de nitrogênio e fósforo totais no rio Poço, provavelmente, devido às maiores concentrações de nutrientes deste rio. Por outro lado, a anoxia não foi limitante para o crescimento da espécie nesse rio. A maior proliferação de P stratiotes se deu no rio Poço, em relação ao rio Aguapeú, devido às condições de eutrofização em que se encontra esse ambiente, ocasionada pelo lançamento freqüente de efluentes domésticos, ricos em nutrientes, em seu curso d’água.