991 resultados para 610.7631
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利用核物质理论研究气 -液相变结果表明 ,气 -液相变中临界温度Tc 随系统质量的增加而增加 ,但随碰撞系统同位旋的增加而减小 .利用改进的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型 ,研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中同位旋分馏强度随碰撞系统的同位旋和系统质量的变化 ,结果表明 ,同位旋分馏强度与气 -液相变临界温度Tc 有对应的关系 ,特别是气 -液相变和同位旋分馏都发生在正常核密度以下低密度的spinodal不稳定区 .这表明气 -液相变和同位旋分馏具有相类似的动力学行为和内在联系 ,也预示着可以通过对同位旋分馏强度的研究和测量来揭示中能重离子碰撞过程中气 -液相变的动力学特征
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兰州重离子回旋加速器装置H IRFL在某种工作模式下,需要对束流在时间上进行调制,以避免束流对输运线造成损伤;并在加速器引出的束流能量较高且流强很大时,采用束流调制器可使调束在较低的流强下进行,而不必改变加速器的参数。调制器由加装在束运管道上的两个平行电极与相应的电子学电路组成。为满足调制脉冲前后沿的时间要求,电子学设计着重考虑展宽电压放大器频带低品质因数电路设计。
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本论文主要解决CSR真空系统的控制实现与连锁保护问题。 HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility at LanZhou-Cooling Storage Ring兰州重离子冷却储存环)是国家重大科学工程。为了保证CSR正常运行,超高真空系统的平均真空度必须达到6×10-9Pa,超高的真空度来之不易,CSR上任何一处真空设备发生故障,就会破坏真空度,所以CSR必须具有响应速度快、安全可靠,稳定性好的真空控制与连锁保护系统。 HIRFL-CSR真空设备有离子泵电源、分子泵、钛升华泵、阀门、真空计等。分子泵只在粗抽时使用,钛升华泵为间歇升华,因此不需要监控。需要显示和控制的设备为离子泵电源、真空计和真空阀门。通过对CSR上每个真空计的真空度数据的监测和真空阀门状态的采集,一旦真空度降低到一定阈值,立即关闭相应位置阀门(保护真空),并给出故障报警,从而实现真空系统的连锁保护。 真空控制系统以嵌入式处理器ARM、复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD和微控制器MSP430为核心,实现了远程数据采集、数据显示和自动控制等功能。本系统可以进行现场监控与调试,也可以通过集成的100Mbps以太网接口电路进行远程监测与控制,CSR上各处真空度和真空阀门状态自动传送到中央控制中心,中控中心也可以发送命令查询当前真空设备状态和各种读数。 本文主要介绍了基于ARM、CPLD和MSP430的嵌入式真空控制系统的设计与实现。内容主要包括(1)系统各部分硬件电路设计与真空控制功能实现 ,硬件系统调试 。(2)嵌入式uClinux操作系统构建和在其上进行的应用程序,设备驱动程序,串行通信程序的开发。(3)CPLD的VHDL程序和MSP430的C430程序设计。 本文目的是解决CSR真空控制系统问题,但对于许多远程数据采集与控制等问题的解决有重要参考价值
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为了满足兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环6×10-9Pa的真空度要求,必须建立温度在200-300℃、控制良好的在线烘烤系统。HIRFL-CsR真空系统是一个超大型超高真空系统,系统全长50Om,总内表面积263m2(不包括装入真空室的其它元件),系统由500多个非标加工件构成,同时和磁铁、电子冷却、高频、高压静电等设备相连。本论文主要从烘烤温度确定、热电偶、加热及绝热套、功率计算及分布、烘烤控制、样机测试结果等几个方面介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)超高真空烘烤系统。用理论和实验的办法分析了烘烤对系统中残余气体成分的显著影响:研制了功率分布均匀、安装拆卸方便的烘烤夹克,尤其研制新型纳米粉绝热材料,测定了其绝热性能;在国内储存环系统中,首次应用计算机控制烘烤全过程,实现了安全、省力的运行。
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为了解水甲虫多样性与环境的关系,于2004—2006年每年6—10月在长白山北坡采集不同环境条件下水甲虫标本,共发现水甲虫8科38属70种。研究发现不同的环境,水甲虫的种类、数量、个体大小明显不同。通过多元回归分析发现:水甲虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与海拔(r=0.507)、底泥有机质含量(r=0.638)和全磷含量(r=0.668)成明显正相关,与水电导率(r=-0.470)、水深度(r=-0.461)和水pH值(r=-0.470)负相关显著;均匀度指数与底泥有机质含量(r=0.542)和全磷含量(r=0.489)正相关显著;物种数与海拔(r=0.590)、底泥有机质含量(r=0.593)和全磷含量(r=0.618)成正相关,与水深度(r=-0.636)、水电导率(r=-0.558)、水pH值(r=-0.535)成显著负相关。环境因子影响水甲虫的分布,但人类是最终决定因素,了解水甲虫多样性与环境的关系,有助于揭示生物-环境-人类三者之间的关系,为生态系统和生物多样性的修复和保护提供服务。
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研究和了解柽柳的水分生理特性 ,是对柽柳合理利用和科学管理的重要前提 .在对柽柳水分生理特性多年综合研究 (P V曲线、清晨水势及水势日变化和蒸腾速率 )的基础上 ,对国内外研究柽柳水分生理特性的一些方法和手段进行了评述 ,以期尽快掌握柽柳的生态特性 ,为干旱、半干旱区域柽柳的恢复和保护提供一定的理论依据
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利用地统计学方法,依据时滞分类标准对大兴安岭呼中林区地表死可燃物进行了对比研究.结果表明:一级地表死可燃物表现为强烈的空间自相关性,占总地表死可燃物载荷量的55.54%,平均载荷量为762.35g·m-2,其载荷量的决定因素是林分因子和立地年龄;二、三级地表死可燃物的平均载荷量之和为610.26g·m-2,具有较弱的空间自相关性,其载荷量的决定因素为干扰历史.地表死可燃物类型和数量影响因素的复杂性和空间异质性是造成插值精度不高的主要原因,但采用实地调查数据,并结合地统计学方法,可快速准确地计算出地表死可燃物载荷量的空间分布格局,可间接为林业管理提供依据.
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通过对甘肃省所采集苔类植物标本的鉴定和统计整理,共报道苔类植物18科30属78种及变种,其中包括3个新记录科,分别为:扁萼苔科(Radulaceae)、魏氏苔科(Wiesnerellaceae)、带叶苔科(Pallavicinaceae),11个新记录属和35个新记录种;区系分析表明北温带成分占据优势(占总种数的43.24%),其次是东亚成分(占总种数的22.97%),甘肃省苔类植物区系具有明显的温带性质。
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A number of methods are available for those researchers considering the addition of molecular analyses of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi to their research projects and weighing the various approaches they might take. Analyzing natural EcM fungal communities has traditionally been a highly skilled, time-consuming process relying heavily on exacting morphological characterization of EcM root tips. Increasingly powerful molecular methods for analyzing EcM communities make this area of research available to a much wider range of researchers. Ecologists can gain from the body of work characterizing EcM while avoiding the requirement for exceptional expertise by carefully combining elements of traditional methods with the more recent molecular approaches. A cursory morphological analysis can yield a traditional quantification of EcM fungi based on tip numbers, a unit with functional and historical significance. Ectomycorrhizal root DNA extracts may then be analyzed with molecular methods widely used for characterizing microbiota. These range from methods applicable only to the simple mixes resulting from careful morphotyping, to community-oriented methods that identify many types in mixed samples as well as provide an estimate of their relative abundances. Extramatrical hyphae in bulk soil can also be more effectively studied, extending characterization of EcM fungal communities beyond the rhizoplane. The trend toward techniques permitting larger sample sets without prohibitive labor and time requirements will also permit us to more frequently address the issues of spatial and temporal variability and better characterize the roles of EcM fungi at multiple scales.
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研究了连续25年长期培肥试验条件下土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶酶促反应的动力学和热力学特征,从酶学角度揭示长期培肥的效应。结果表明,长期培肥增加了脲酶和碱性磷酸酶酶促反应的Vmax、Vmax/Km和k值;降低了Ea、△G、△H和△S值,说明培肥能提高酶促反应速度、减小活化自由能、加快土壤中物质的生物循环过程。酶促反应动力学参数和热力学参数与土壤性质相关分析表明,酶促反应动力学参数大多依赖于土壤化学性状,基于动力学参数的土壤肥力指标体系可评价土壤肥力水平,且U-Vmax、P-Km、P-Vmax可作为土壤肥力的重要指标。
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一、蜜蜂嗅觉学习记忆应用基础研究特殊气味的探测在刑侦工作中意义重大,常用的警犬探测和仪器分析都有其局限之处。蜜蜂嗅觉灵敏,且学习记忆能力突出,具有为刑侦工作所用的潜力。基于此,我们希望通过训练蜜蜂将其对糖水奖励的伸喙反应与指定气味建立条件反射的原理,配合适当的训练方法,达到利用蜜蜂探测危险气味的目的。在实验中,我们首先比较了不同喂养方式的蜜蜂在气味学习中的差别。由于低浓度气味无法直接使蜜蜂建立条件化,我们采用了逐渐降低气味浓度的方法,成功训练蜜蜂对低浓度(3.6×10-7) 醋酸气味建立了条件反射。结果如下: 1)自然放养与人工孵化两种不同喂养方式的蜜蜂,各两组,分别学习醋酸CS+/薄荷CS-,或柠檬CS+/薄荷CS-的气味配对。以“获得(CS+),巩固(CS-/CS+ CS+/CS- CS-/CS+),检测,干净空气假阳性检测”的顺序操作。结果显示自然放养蜜蜂对醋酸气味没有偏好(第一次给醋酸气味伸喙率:6%),学习醋酸气味能力较低(24小时后检测正确率:66%, n=25),相对应,该类蜜蜂对柠檬气味显示出明显偏好(第一次给柠檬气味伸喙率:41%,P< 0.01),而学习效果(检测正确率:50%,n=20)与醋酸组相近(P>0.05)。人工孵化的蜜蜂对醋酸气味学习能力较自然放养蜜蜂大大提高(检测正确率:96%, n=32, P<0.01),同时对柠檬的学习结果(检测正确率:80%, n=32)也明显提高(0.01
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The formation of reversed micelles and the roles of extractant and extracted complexes were investigated in the Cyanex923/n-heptane/H2SO4 system. Interfacial tension (gamma), electrical conductivity (kappa), and water content measurements showed that Cyanex923 had a tendency to self-assemble, forming reversed micelles. The changes in electrical conductivity with concentration of H2SO4 in the organic phase (CH2SO4,(0)) exhibited an S-type curve: a correlation was found between the change in electrical conductivity and the water content as a function of CH2SO4,(0),.
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Y2O3 : Eu3+ microspheres, with an average diameter of 3 mu m, were successfully prepared through a large-scale and facile solvothermal method followed by a subsequent heat treatment. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, inductive coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectra, as well kinetic decays, and cathodoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the samples. These microspheres were actually composed of randomly aggregated nanoparticles. The formation mechanisms for the Y2O3 : Eu3+ microspheres have been proposed on an isotropic growth mechanism. The Y2O3 : Eu3+ microspheres show a strong red emission corresponding to D-5(0) -> F-7(2) transition (610 nm) of Eu3+ under ultraviolet excitation (259 nm) and low-voltage electron beams excitation (1-5 kV), which have potential applications in fluorescent lamps and field emission displays.
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Phosphors CaYBO4:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Gd, Tb, Ce) were synthesized with the method of solid-state reaction at high temperature, and their vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-visible luminescent properties in VUV-visible region were studied at 20 K. In CaYBO4, it is confirmed that there are two types of lattice sites that can be substituted by rare-earth ions. The host excitation and emission peaks of undoped CaYBO4 are very weak, which locate at about 175 and 350-360nm, respectively. The existence of Gd3+ can efficiently enhance the utilization of host absorption energy and result in a strong emission line at 314 nm. In CaYBO4, Eu3+ has typical red emission with the strongest peak at 610 nm; Tb3+ shows characteristic green emission, of which the maximum emission peak is located at 542 nm. The charge transfer band of CaYBO4:Eu3+ was observed at 228 nm; the co-doping of Gd3+ and Eu3+ can obviously sensitize the red emission of Eu3+. The fluorescent spectra of CaYBO4:Ce3+ is very weak due to photoionization; the co-addition of Ce3+-Tb3+ can obviously quench the luminescence of Tb3+.