科尔沁沙地固定沙丘系统种子雨时空格局特征

该文研究了种子雨在科尔沁沙地西部的固定沙丘系统(包括固定沙丘、过渡带、丘间低地)的时空分布,及其与地上植被的关系。结果表明:固定沙丘系统种子雨密度达到(4 782±894)粒/m2;沿着主风向的方向(即从丘间低地到固定沙丘的方向),种子雨平均密度呈现偏正态的空间格局,而且种子雨密度与地上植物多度之间负相关,但不显著(P>0.05);种子雨密度在每年的10月底达到最大值(6 064±330)粒/m2,到翌年3、5、7月,种子雨密度逐渐递减,并在7月达到最小值(513±48)粒/m2;种子雨密度的年际变化为1.6倍。可见,固定沙丘系统种子雨密度大,季节变异大、波动性强,但是种子雨密度不是固定沙丘系统植被更新的限制因子。

开发西部切入点的研究──以黄土高原生态环境建设切入点为例

本本文以黄土高原为例，讨论了生态环境建设作为开发西部切入点的科学和实际意 义。从黄土高原毁林毁草耕垦和人为加速侵蚀的发展，剖析了退耕还林还草作为生态环境建 设切入点的科学依据。在此基础上，又进一步剖析了退耕还林还草的切入点及其实施对策。

三峡库区次生柏木林中物种分布格局的分形特征

应用非线性科学中的分形几何理论，以三峡库区一移民安置示范区次生柏木林为对象，研究该群落中物种在中、小尺度上水平分布格局的分形特征，主要应用计盒维数计算群落中一些重要物种分布格局的分维值，如柏木为１ ．５８８ ，地枇杷为１ ．６１７ ，莎草为１ ．６２７ ．得到的结果与用经典群落分析方法所得结果相符，表明分维计算在本研究中是一种有效的手段；对一些物种分布分维值的进一步分析还能说明人类活动对物种分布格局或空间占有程度的影响

天津郊区菜田土壤重金属污染环境质量评价

天津市土壤重金属污染已经形成环境问题,本文利用基于改进AHP法确定权重的加权平均评价方法对天津郊区菜田土壤受重金属污染现状进行了评价,结果发现宁河、静海、宝坻、蓟县和武青菜田土壤的重金属污染均为2级,属于尚清洁水平,东丽、西青和津南菜田土壤的重金属污染均为3级,属于轻度污染水平,北辰菜田土壤的重金属污染为4级,属于中度污染水平.由此说明天津市东丽、西青、津南和北辰等区的土壤重金属污染已经开始影响人类健康,因此应及时给予修复,以保证土壤的可持续利用.

农业产业化对农民收入和农户行为的影响:以山东省龙口市为例

农业产业化是当今中国农业发展的热点,但产业化经营究竟能在多大程度上促进"三农"问题的根本转变,目前仍很少有人进行定量研究。文章以农业产业化起步较早的山东省龙口市为案例,通过生产调查和统计资料分析,对该问题做了初步研究。结果表明:尽管龙口市的乡村工业发展迅速且占据了农村经济的绝大部分,但与农民人均纯收入增长关系最为紧密的仍然是农业产业,其次才是农村第二、第三产业,这一结果应归功于农业产业化的发展。农户在家庭劳动力分配时,年老人趋向于从事农业生产,年轻人趋向于从事非农生产,许多农户将自家的劳动力投入到非农产业

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF LAND-USE CHANGE AND ANALYSES OF DRIVING FORCES IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA DURING 1990-2000

Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities influencing our physical environment. Supported by the dynamic serving system of national resources, including both the environment database and GIS technology, this paper analyzed the land-use change in northeastern China in the past ten years (1990 - 2000). It divides northeastern China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree (DD) of land-use: woodland/grassland - arable land conversion zone, dry land - paddy field conversion zone, urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and pasturing, and reclamation and abandoned zone. In the past ten years, land-use change of northeastern China can be generalized as follows: increase of cropland area was obvious, paddy field and dry land increased by 74. 9 and 276. 0 thousand ha respectively; urban area expanded rapidly, area of town and rural residence increased by 76. 8 thousand ha; area of forest and grassland decreased sharply with the amount of 1399. 0 and 1521. 3 thousand ha respectively; area of water body and unused land increased by 148. 4 and 513. 9 thousand ha respectively. Besides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of land use, this paper also discusses the driving forces in each land-use dynamic zones. The study shows that some key biophysical factors affect conspicuously the conversion of different land- use types. In this paper, the relationships between land- use conversion and DEM, accnmlated temperature(>= 10 degrees C) and precipitation were analysed and represented. We conclude that the land- use changes in northeast China resulted from the change of macro social and economic factors and local physical elements. Rapid population growth and management changes, in some sense, can explain the shaping of woodland/grassland - cropland conversion zone. The conversion from dry land to paddy field in the dry land - paddy field conversion zone, apart from the physical elements change promoting the expansion of paddy field, results from two reasons: one is that the implementation of market-economy in China has given farmers the right to decide what they plant and how they plant their crops, the other factor is originated partially from the change of dietary habit with the social and economic development. The conversion from paddy field to dry land is caused primarily by the shortfall of irrigation water, which in turn is caused by poor water allocation managed by local governments. The shaping of the reclamation and abandoned zone is partially due to the lack of environment protection consciousness among pioneer settlers. The reason for the conversion from grassland to cropland is the relatively higher profits of fanning than that of pasturing in the interlocked zone of farming and pasturing. In northeastern China, the rapid expansion of built-up areas results from two factors: the first is its small number of towns; the second comes from the huge potential for expansion of existing towns and cities. It is noticeable that urban expansion in the northeastern China is characterized by gentle topographic relief and low population density. Physiognomy, transportation and economy exert great influences on the urban expansion.

Modeling All-sky Global Solar Radiation Using MODIS Atmospheric Products: A Case Study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The surface solar radiation (SSR) is of great importance to bio-chemical cycle and life activities. However, it is impossible to observe SSR directly over large areas especially for rugged surfaces such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper presented an improved parameterized model for predicting all-sky global solar radiation on rugged surfaces using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric products and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The global solar radiation was validated using 11 observations within the plateau. The correlation coefficients of daily data vary between 0.67-0.86, while those of the averages of 10-day data are between 0.79-0.97. The model indicates that the attenuation of SSR is mainly caused by cloud under cloudy sky, and terrain is an important factor influencing SSR over rugged surfaces under clear sky. A positive relationship can also be inferred between the SSR and slope. Compared with horizontal surfaces, the south-facing slope receives more radiation, followed by the west- and east-facing slopes with less SSR, and the SSR of the north-facing slope is the least.

草乌中乌头类生物碱提取方法比较研究

目的优化草乌中乌头类生物碱提取方法,比较草乌、附子生品及市售炮制品中乌头类生物碱的含量,为相关中药中生物碱的测定和临床应用提供参考。方法分别用7种提取方法提取附子中乌头类生物碱,比较各方法对3种双酯型生物碱的提取效率,并测定乌头类生药及其炮制品中乌头类生物碱含量。结果10%氨水乙醚冷浸法对3种双酯型生物碱的提取效率最高。炮制品中的乌头类生物碱含量明显低于生药,各种炮制品中乌头类生物碱的含量差别也比较大。结论采用10%氨水乙醚冷浸法,高效液相色谱-紫外光谱(HPLC-UV)法对药材中乌头类生物碱进行提取和含量测定,能真实反映药材中药效和毒性成分。不同的炮制品中各生物碱含量差别较大,临床应用应有差别。

Synthesis and crystal structure of bis(tetrahydrofurfurylindenyl) lanthanide chlorides

Lanthanocene chlorides (C4H7OCH2C9H6)(2)LnCl[Ln=Y(1); Ln=Gd(2)] were synthesized by the reaction of tetrahydrofurfurylindenyl lithium(in situ) with corresponding anhydrous lanthanide chorides in THF. The crystal structures of these two complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction and they were unsolvated monomeric complexes. They were stable in the air for several hours. Complexes 1 and 2 belong to the same crystal system (orthorhombic) and space group(P2(1)2(1)2(1)). The unit cell dimensions of complex 1 were a=1.042 52(9) nm, b=1.47455(12) nm, c=1.497 99(13) nm, Z=4, D-c=1.508 g/cm(3); The unit cell dimensions of complex 2 were a=1.037 01(10) nm, b=1.472 33(12) nm, c=1.513 54(14) nm, Z=4, D-c=1.699 g/cm(3). They have the same structure and different space configurations. The central metal atom is coordinated by two indenyl, two oxygen of the tetrahydrofurfuryl and one chlorine atom to form a distorted trigonal bipyramid.

稀土钐离子与微过氧化物酶-11的相互作用初探

近年来,含稀土元素钐的药物研究已见报道犤1,2犦。但倪嘉缵等的研究犤3犦表明,Sm3+进入生物体内后可在肝细胞中分布、沉积,从而使肝细胞内细胞色素浓度降低。因此从分子水平研究Sm3+与某些生物分子的相互作用机理是十分必要的。众所周知,过氧化物酶能清除生物体内产生的过氧自由基,对机体具有抗逆、抗衰老的功效犤4,5犦。而微过氧化酶-11(MP-11)具有与过氧化物酶相同的活性中心和相似的生物活性犤6犦,因此,本文用循环伏安法、紫外-可见(UV-vis)吸收光谱以及圆二色(CD)谱技术研究了作为过氧化酶模型化合物的MP-11与Sm3+的相互作用。1实验部分MP-11购自美国Sigma公司,SmCl3按文献合成犤7犦。其他试剂均为分析纯,溶液均用三次蒸馏水配制。循环伏安测量在美国EG&G公司的M273恒电位仪上采用三电极系统进行,玻碳电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂丝为对电极。测量前用高纯氮除氧30min,在实验中用氮气保护。UV-Vis吸收光谱在岛津UV-265型紫外-可见分光光度计上进行,收集差光谱数据。CD谱在JASCOJ-715型圆二色谱仪上进行。MP-11和SmCl3的混合溶液配制后平衡1h,然后...

Silane bridged polymerized metallocene catalyst for ethylene polymerization

The polymerized metallocene catalyst 4 was prepared by the co-polymerization of ansa-zirconocene complex [CH3Si(2)]ZrCl2 (3) containing vinyl substituted silane bridge with styrene in the presence of radical initiator. Catalyst 4 was found to display high ethylene polymerization activity of 2.28 x 10(6) g PE/(mol . h) with a viscosity average molecular weight (M-eta) value of 61.6 x 10(3) using methylalumoxane (MAO) as a co-catalyst. The ethylene polymerization has been investigated under different conditions.

高分子化Si桥联茂金属催化剂的合成及其催化乙烯聚合反应

合成了硅桥上含乙烯基团的硅桥联茂金属催化剂 [(CH2 CH)CH3 Si(C5H4 ) 2 ]ZrCl2 (3) ,并通过IR ,1HNMR对化合物进行了表征 ,3在AIBN的引发下与苯乙烯共聚形成高分子化的茂金属催化剂 4.研究了 3和 4对乙烯聚合的能力 ,考察了n(Al) /n(Zr)、温度对催化剂活性的影响.

The effects of physical ageing on crazing of polyphenylquinoxaline films

The effects of physical ageing on the crazing of polyphenylquinoxaline (PPQ-E) films were studied. The DSC endothermic peak at the glass transition region of the samples was interpreted in terms of the cohesional entanglement theory. The free volume cavity size and free volume intensity of the samples were characterized by positron annihilation life spectroscopy. The difference in free volume cavity size and free volume intensity between two samples reflect the strength and density of cohensional entanglement point. The critical strain for craze initiation and craze stability depended on physical ageing of the samples. The relationships between physical ageing and crazing were interpreted initially.