Observaciones metereológicas en Negritos de Diciembre de 1924 a Mayo de 1925

Investiga los fenómenos climatológicos del noroeste del Perú, específicamente en el desierto de Tumbes, abordando los problemas de las lluvias, las corrientes de aguas fría y caliente, en especial la corriente de Humboldt que influye en la velocidad de la corriente del Niño. Por último, presenta los resúmenes de las observaciones meteorológicas hechas en Negritos para medir las temperaturas del aire.

Escala de madurez gonadal de bonito Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832)

El objetivo fue elaborar la escala de madurez gonadal macroscópica de Sarda chiliensis chiliensis con una validación basada en análisis histológicos. Se analizaron 591 muestras de gónadas provenientes del plan de seguimiento de la pesquería pelágica en el año 2014. A cada gónada se asignó un estadio de madurez macroscópico luego de la observación del desarrollo ovocitario y espermatogénico en los cortes histológicos. Se describieron seis estadios de maduración que van desde 0 (virginal) hasta el estadio 5 (recuperación en hembras, post expulsante en machos). Se compara la descripción de esta escala con trabajos anteriormente realizados, se discuten los criterios de catalogación y se dan recomendaciones para el seguimiento de la pesquería.

To say or not to say: a qualitative study on the disclosure of their condition by human immunodeficiency virus-positive adolescents.

PURPOSE: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adolescents face a number of challenges in dealing with their disease, treatment, and developmental tasks. This qualitative study describes some of the reasons why, and the extent to which, adolescents may or may not disclose their condition to others. METHODS: A semistructured interview lasting 40-110 minutes was conducted with each of 29 adolescents 12-20 years old, 22 female and seven male) living in Switzerland. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis of the content of interviews allowed us to identify salient topics (e.g., disclosure), which were then explored in detail. RESULTS: Of 29 participants, eight had not disclosed their condition to anyone outside the family, 19 had disclosed it to good friends, and 16 had disclosed it to some teachers. Four participants had engaged in public disclosure, and six of 10 sexually active teenagers disclosed their status to their partners. The attitudes toward disclosure among younger adolescents were mostly related to those of the parents, particularly the mother. Older adolescents, engaged in their search for autonomy, tended to decide independently what to say and to whom. Although foster/adoptive parents would often encourage disclosure, biological parents, especially HIV-positive mothers, insisted on not disclosing the adolescent's status for fear of stigma. CONCLUSION: The health care team should systematically address the issue of disclosure with the adolescent and his family (or foster parents), the aim being to balance the right of the adolescent and that adolescent's family to maintain privacy against the concerns of sexual partners, as well as the adolescent's interest in divulging HIV status to relatives, school staff, and friends.

Que cache l'agenda caché [What is behind the hidden agenda?]

The physicians often forget to ask their patients if they would like to discuss other complaints or topics. It is sometimes quite difficult to explore the patient's complaints; while the physicians tend to focus on the immediate problem, the patients may have not only one, but several hidden agendas during a visit. In a caring relation there is a clear advantage to clarify the implicit. The search for the hidden agenda is to improve the care of i) biomedical problems ii) the social quest presented to the physicians. The sentence "Oh, by the way, doctor..." should not be only understood as an information but also as a relational expression and a reaction to the imminent separation from the physician.

Is cannabis use a significant exposition to nicotine?

Purpose: Young cannabis users are at increased risk for cigarette initiation and later progression to nicotine dependence. The present study assesses to which extent cannabis users are exposed to nicotine through mulling, a widespread process consisting of mixing tobacco to cannabis for its consumption. Methods: Data are issued from an ongoing observational study taking place in Switzerland. A total of 267 eligible participants (mean age 19 years, 46.4% males) completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire on their tobacco and cannabis intake in the previous 5 days. They also provided a urine sample that was blindly analyzed for cotinine (a key metabolite of nicotine) using liquid-chromatography coupled mass-spectrometry. After the exclusion of cannabis users not having smoked at least one joint/blunt in which tobacco had been mixed (n _ 2), and participants reporting other sources of nicotine exposition than cigarettes or mulling (n _37), four groups were created: cannabis and cigarette abstainers (ABS, n_ 69), cannabis only smokers (CAS; n _ 33), cigarette only smokers (CIS; n _ 62); and cannabis and cigarette smokers (CCS, n _ 64). Cotinine measures of CAS were compared to those of ABS, CIS and CCS. All comparisons were performed using ANCOVA, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, BMI and environmental exposure to cigarette smoke in the past month (at home, in school/at work, in social settings). The number of mixed joints/blunts smoked in the previous 5 days was additionally taken into account when comparing CAS to CCS. Cotinine values (ng/ml) are reported as means with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: In the previous 5 days, CAS had smoked on average 10 mixed joints/blunts, CIS 30 cigarettes, and CCS 8 mixed joints/ blunts and 41 cigarettes. Cotinine levels of participants considerably differed between groups. The lowest measure was found among ABS (3.2 [0.5-5.9]), followed in growing order by CAS (294.6 [157.1-432.0]), CIS (362.8 [258.4-467.3]), and CCS (649.9 [500.7-799.2]). In the multivariate analysis, cotinine levels of CAS were significantly higher than those of ABS (p _.001), lower than those of CCS (p _ .003), but did not differ from levels of CIS (p _ .384). Conclusions: Our study reveals cannabis users to be significantly exposed to nicotine through mulling, even after controlling for several possible confounders such as environmental exposure to cigarette smoke. Utmost, mixing tobacco to Poster cannabis can result in a substantial nicotine exposition as cotinine levels from cannabis only smokers were as high as those of moderate cigarette smokers. Our findings also suggest that mulling is adding up to the already important nicotine exposition of cigarettes smokers. Because of the addictiveness of nicotine, mulling should be part of a comprehensive assessment of substance use among adolescents and young adults, especially when supporting their cannabis and cigarette quitting attempts. Sources of Support: This study was funded by the Public Health Service of the Canton de Vaud. Dr. BÊlanger's contribution was possible through grants from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the CHUQ/CMDP Foundation and the Laval University McLaughlin program, QuÊbec, Canada.

Prognostic significance of deep vein thrombosis in patients presenting with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism.

RATIONALE: Concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) has an uncertain prognostic significance. OBJECTIVES: In a cohort of patients with PE, this study compared the risk of death in those with and those without concomitant DVT. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of outpatients diagnosed with a first episode of acute symptomatic PE. Patients underwent bilateral lower extremity venous compression ultrasonography to assess for concomitant DVT. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary study outcome, all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome of PE-specific mortality were assessed during the 3 months of follow-up after PE diagnosis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was done to adjust for significant covariates. Of 707 patients diagnosed with PE, 51.2% (362 of 707) had concomitant DVT and 10.9% (77 of 707) died during follow-up. Patients with concomitant DVT had an increased all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 3.38; P = 0.005) and PE-specific mortality (adjusted HR, 4.25; 95% CI, 1.61 to 11.25; P = 0.04) compared with those without concomitant DVT. In an external validation cohort of 4,476 patients with acute PE enrolled in the international multicenter RIETE Registry, concomitant DVT remained a significant predictor of all-cause (adjusted HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.15; P < 0.001) and PE-specific mortality (adjusted HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.44; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a first episode of acute symptomatic PE, the presence of concomitant DVT is an independent predictor of death in the ensuing 3 months after diagnosis. Assessment of the thrombotic burden should assist with risk stratification of patients with acute PE.

Organic material decomposition and nutrient dynamics in a mulch system enriched with leguminous trees in the Amazon

The new techniques proposed for agriculture in the Amazon region include rotational fallow systems enriched with leguminous trees and the replacement of biomass burning by mulching. Decomposition and nutrient release from mulch were studied using fine-mesh litterbags with five different leguminous species and the natural fallow vegetation as control. Samples from each treatment were analyzed for total C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, lignin, cellulose content and soluble polyphenol at different sampling times over the course of one year. The decomposition rate constant varied with species and time. Weight loss from the decomposed litter bag material after 96 days was 30.1 % for Acacia angustissima, 32.7 % for Sclerolobium paniculatum, 33.9 % for Iinga edulis and the Fallow vegetation, 45.2 % for Acacia mangium and 63.6 % for Clitoria racemosa. Immobilization of N and P was observed in all studied treatments. Nitrogen mineralization was negatively correlated with phenol, C-to-N ratio, lignin + phenol/N ratio, and phenol/phosphorus ratios and with N content in the litterbag material. After 362 days of field incubation, an average (of all treatments), 3.3 % K, 32.2 % Ca and 22.4 % Mg remained in the mulch. Results confirm that low quality and high amount of organic C as mulch application are limiting for the quantity of energy available for microorganisms and increase the nutrient immobilization for biomass decomposition, which results in competition for nutrients with the crop plants.

Utilização de uréia em misturas com sulfato de amônio ou com gesso na cultura de milho

Aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos devem ser considerados na adubação nitrogenada de cobertura na cultura de milho. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, nos municípios de Votuporanga (SP) e Uberlândia (MG), o efeito de diferentes misturas de grânulos, contendo N e S, na produtividade de milho. Em um Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico A moderado textura arenosa (120 g kg-1 de argila) de Votuporanga, foram estimadas as perdas por volatilização de N-NH3, das misturas de grânulos constituídas por uréia (U) e sulfato de amônio (SA), ou U e gesso agrícola, aplicadas no primeiro parcelamento de cobertura nitrogenada. Em Uberlândia, em Latossolo Vermelho ácrico típico fase Cerrado subcaducifólio muito argiloso (720 g kg-1), foram determinados a distribuição de N-inorgânico e S-sulfato em profundidade, após a aplicação das misturas em cobertura, e os custos de aplicação dessas fontes. Os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e as misturas de grânulos aplicadas em superfície, na entre linha de cultivo. Em Votuporanga, foram acompanhados dois experimentos: safra 2005/2006 e safrinha 2006. Na safra de 2005/2006, foram comparados quatro tratamentos de cobertura: testemunha, sem N, uréia+sulfato de amônio farelado (U+SAfa), uréia+gesso granulado (U+Gesso gr) e uréia+gesso em pó (U+Gesso pó), aplicados em dois parcelamentos de 45 kg ha-1 de N cada, nos estádios de cinco a seis folhas e 12 a 13 folhas. As perdas de N-NH3 volatilizado em função do N aplicado foram de 45,9, 56,6 e 61,1 % das misturas U+SAfa, U+Gesso pó e U+Gesso gr, respectivamente. A produtividade de grãos não mostrou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, sendo, em média, de 5.362 kg ha-1. Na safrinha, uréia+sulfato de amônio granulado (U+SAgr) foi incluído nos tratamentos. Neste experimento, as misturas de grânulos foram aplicadas em doses de 50 kg ha-1 de N cada, em cobertura, nos estádios de três a quatro folhas e seis a sete folhas. A produtividade de grãos foi similar entre as fontes de U+SA e U+Gesso, sendo em média de 5.332 kg ha-1. Em Uberlândia, foram comparados os cinco tratamentos testados no experimento - safrinha de Votuporanga. As misturas de grânulos foram aplicadas em dose única de 90 kg ha-1 de N, no estádio de quatro a cinco folhas. Os maiores teores de N-mineral total foram detectados na camada de 0 a 10 cm de profundidade, em todos os tratamentos (abaixo de 3 mg dm-3), diminuindo em profundidade, enquanto o S-sulfato concentrou-se entre as camadas de 10 a 60 cm. Os tratamentos de U+Gesso e U+SA apresentaram, em média, produtividades de 11.364 e 10.300 kg ha-1 de grãos, respectivamente. O custo de aplicação de U+Gesso gr foi 27,7 % superior aos custos médios de aplicação de U+SAgr e U+SAfa, devido a seu menor teor de N, e 7,8 % superior em relação aos custos diretos totais por hectare. A mistura NK com aplicação posterior de U+Gesso pó apresentou custo de aplicação similar ao da U+Gesso gr, devido à dupla operação de aplicação do primeiro. Os resultados em ambas as regiões permitem concluir que o milho respondeu de forma similar à aplicação em cobertura das fontes mistas, U+SA e U+Gesso, independentemente da granulometria dos produtos, e que os custos de aplicação das formas U+Gesso foram superiores aos das misturas U+SA.

La conception de schémas relationnels en analyse criminelle: au-delà de la maîtrise des outils

Des techniques de visualisation sont exploitées dans les enquêtes judiciaires afin de faciliter le traitement d'affaires d'envergure. Les éléments pertinents de l'enquête sont représentés par des schémas décrivant les relations entre les évènements et les entités d'intérêt. Les exploitations classiques de ces techniques qui s'apparentent à la construction de graphes sont par exemple : la représentation de réseaux criminels, de trafics de marchandises, de chronologies d'évènements, ainsi que la visualisation de relations téléphoniques et financières. Dans ce contexte, la visualisation soutient un nombre important d'objectifs, tels qu'analyser les traces et les informations collectées, évaluer à posteriori une investigation, aider à qualifier les infractions, faciliter l'appréhension d'un dossier et la prise de décisions au cours d'une enquête, voire soutenir une argumentation lors du procès. La pratique intègre des outils logiciels simples qui produisent des graphiques élégants et souvent percutants. Cette recherche tend à montrer qu'il existe des disparités étonnantes lors de l'exploitation de ces techniques. Des biais de raisonnement et de perception peuvent être induits, allant jusqu'à provoquer des décisions aux conséquences parfois désastreuses. Pour mettre en évidence ces difficultés, des évaluations ont été effectuées avec des praticiens et des étudiants. Elles ont permis d'établir une image empirique de l'étendue des variations de conception et d'interprétation des représentations, ainsi que de leurs impacts sur la prise de décision. La nature et la diversité des concepts à représenter, l'absence de consensus sur la manière de représenter les données, la diversité des solutions visuelles envisageables, les contraintes imposées par les outils exploités et l'absence d'une formalisation claire du langage, sont autant de causes supposées des difficultés. Ce constat révèle la nécessiter de consolider les méthodes pratiquées.

M. Tullii Ciceronis opera, omnium quae hactenus excusa sunt castigatissima, nunc primum in lucem edita (a Petro Victorio). Secundus tomus M. T. Ciceronis orationes habet, ab Andrea Naugerio, in suam integritatem restitutas

Comprend : Explicationes suarum in Ciceronem castigationum

[Illustrations de Histoire de la mission des Pères Capucins en l'Isle de Maragnan et terres circonvoisines...] / L. Gaultier [grav.] ; Le Père Claude d'Abbeville, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Frontispice : Pape, moine, personnification de l'Eglise. Armoiries. XVIè siècle.] [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836] ; [pl. en reg. p.90 : élévation d'une croix pour la bénédiction de l'Ile de Maragnan. XVIIè siècle.] [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836] ; [pl. en reg. p.348 : indigène de l'Ile de Maragnan, nommé François Carypyra, de la tribu des Tabaiares. XVIIè siècle.] François Carypyra. [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836] ; [pl. en reg. p.356 : indigène de l'Ile de Maragnan, nommé Jacques Patova. XVIIè siècle.] Jacques Patova. [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836] ; [pl. en reg. p.359 : indigène de l'Ile de Maragnan, nommé Antoine Manen, natif de Renary, originaire de Para de l'Ouest. XVIIè siècle.] Anthoine Manen. [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836] ; [pl. en reg. p.362 : indigène de l'Ile de Maragnan, nommé Itapoucou Topinamba et baptisé Louis-Marie. XVIIè siècle.] Louis Marie. [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836] ; [pl. en reg. p.364 : indigène de l'Ile de Maragnan, nommé Ouäroyio Topinamba et baptisé Louis-Henry. XVIIè siècle.] Louis Henri. [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836] ; [pl. en reg. p.365 : indigène de l'Ile de Maragnan, nommé Iapouäy et baptisé Louis de Saint-Jean. XVIIè siècle.] Louis de St. Iehan. [cote : microfilm m 10858/R 15836]