Reducao fechada e fixacao percutanea em fraturas supracondilianas do umero em criancas. Estudo retrospectivo de 32 casos

This retrospective study evaluated 32 cases of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, according to percutaneous crossed Kirschner-wire fixation. Follow-up was performed by radiographs of Baumann's angle and clinical evaluation of joint movement and carrying angle. According to Flynn's criteria, results were satisfactory in all cases, indicating that this method is a safe and efficient method in the treatment of such fractures.

Network reconfiguration and loss allocation in a deregulated environment of distribution systems

Low flexibility and reliability in the operation of radial distribution networks make those systems be constructed with extra equipment as sectionalising switches in order to reconfigure the network, so the operation quality of the network can be improved. Thus, sectionalising switches are used for fault isolation and for configuration management (reconfiguration). Moreover, distribution systems are being impacted by the increasing insertion of distributed generators. Hence, distributed generation became one of the relevant parameters in the evaluation of systems reconfiguration. Distributed generation may affect distribution networks operation in various ways, causing noticeable impacts depending on its location. Thus, the loss allocation problem becomes more important considering the possibility of open access to the distribution networks. In this work, a graphic simulator for distribution networks with reconfiguration and loss allocation functions, is presented. Reconfiguration problem is solved through a heuristic methodology, using a robust power flow algorithm based on the current summation backward-forward technique, considering distributed generation. Four different loss allocation methods (Zbus, Direct Loss Coefficient, Substitution and Marginal Loss Coefficient) are implemented and compared. Results for a 32-bus medium voltage distribution network, are presented and discussed.

PLANINDEX: 32-001

Contiene resumenes bibliograficos de documentos sobre planificacion y desarrollo en America Latina, recogidos y procesados en el marco del Sistema de Informacion para la Planificacion en America Latina y el Caribe (INFOPLAN).

Descentralización de las actividades económicas y sociales de las Naciones Unidas: avances logrados en el cumplimiento de las resoluciones 431(XIX) de la CEPAL y 32

Informa acerca de los avances logrados por la Comision en materia de descentralizacion de las actividades economicas y sociales de las Naciones Unidas, en atencion al pedido de la Asamblea General en el sentido de que la Comision asuma su rol de centro principal del desarrollo economico y social, ocupandose de la direccion de los esfuerzos conjuntos, asumiendo la coordinacion y cooperacion en el plano regional, reforzando las relaciones con las organizaciones del Sistema de las Naciones Unidas, robusteciendo y ampliando la cooperacion tecnica y economica regional e interregional, actuando como organismo de ejecucion para proyectos subregionales, regionales e interregionales, proporcionando insumos a los procesos de formulacion de politicas mundiales de las Naciones Unidas y participando plenamente en la aplicacion de las decisiones de politica.

ECLAC Notes Nº 32

Special Issue: Preliminay Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2003 Regional Overview Op-ed by José Luis Machinea, ECLAC's Executive Secretary. Reflections on the Improved Scenario Expected for This Year The External Sector Latin America and the Caribbean: Trade Negotiations Macroeconomic Policy Internal Performance Statistical Appendix Recent Titles Calendar of Events

Notas de la CEPAL Nº 32

Número especial Balance preliminar de la economías de América Latina y el Caribe 2003. Panorama regional Columna de opinión de José Luis Machinea, Secretario Ejecutivo de la CEPAL: Reflexiones a propósito del mejor escenario previsto para el 2004. El sector externo Negociaciones comerciales de América Latina y el Caribe Política macroeconómica El desempeño interno Apéndice Estadístico Publicaciones Recientes Calendario