Characterisation of enterovirus 71 replication kinetics in human colorectal cell line, HT29

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), a contagious viral disease that commonly affects infants and children with blisters and flu like symptoms, is caused by a group of enteroviruses such as Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16). However some HFMD caused by EV71 may further develop into severe neurological complications such as encephalitis and meningitis. The route of transmission was postulated that the virus transmit from one person to another through direct contact of vesicular fluid or droplet from the infected or via faecal-oral route. To this end, this study utilised a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) with epithelioid morphology as an in vitro model for the investigation of EV71 replication kinetics. Using qPCR, viral RNA was first detected in HT29 cells as early as 12 h post infection (hpi) while viral protein was first detected at 48 hpi. A significant change in HT29 cells’ morphology was also observed after 48 hpi. Furthermore HT29 cell viability also significantly decreased at 72 hpi. Together, data from this study demonstrated that co-culture of HT29 with EV71 is a useful in vitro model to study the pathogenesis of EV71

Elucidating the host–pathogen interaction between human colorectal cells and invading Enterovirus 71 using transcriptomics profiling

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main etiological agents for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) and has been shown to be associated with severe clinical manifestation. Currently, there is no antiviral therapeutic for the treatment of HFMD patients owing to a lack of understanding of EV71 pathogenesis. This study seeks to elucidate the transcriptomic changes that result from EV71 infection. Human whole genome microarray was employed to monitor changes in genomic profiles between infected and uninfected cells. The results reveal altered expression of human genes involved in critical pathways including the immune response and the stress response. Together, data from this study provide valuable insights into the host–pathogen interaction between human colorectal cells and EV71.

Elucidating the host-pathogen interactions between in vitro human cells and enterovirus 71 in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

This study has provided further understanding of the pathogenesis of EV71, one of the major etiological agents associated with significant mortality in Hand, Foot and Mouth disease. Elucidating the host-pathogen interaction and the mechanism that the virus uses to bypass host defence systems to establish infection will aid in the development of potential antiviral therapeutics against EV71.

A preference-based semantics for CTD reasoning

In [8] the authors developed a logical system based on the definition of a new non-classical connective ⊗ capturing the notion of reparative obligation. The system proved to be appropriate for handling well-known contrary-to-duty paradoxes but no model-theoretic semantics was presented. In this paper we fill the gap and define a suitable possible-world semantics for the system for which we can prove soundness and completeness. The semantics is a preference-based non-normal one extending and generalizing semantics for classical modal logics.

Droplet digital PCR as a useful tool for the quantitative detection of Enterovirus 71

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral disease that frequently affects infants and children and present with blisters and flu-like symptoms. This disease is caused by a group of enteroviruses such as enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16). However, unlike other HFMD causing enteroviruses, EV71 have also been shown to be associated with more severe clinical manifestation such as aseptic meningitis, brainstem and cerebellar encephalitis which may lead to cardiopulmonary failure and death. Clinically, HFMD caused by EV71 is indistinguishable from other HFMD causing enteroviruses such as CA16. Molecular diagnosis methods such as the use of real-time PCR has been used commonly for the identification of EV71. In this study, two platforms namely the real-time PCR and the droplet digital PCR were compared for the detection quantitation of known EV71 viral copy number. The results reveal accurate and consistent results between the two platforms. In summary, the droplet digital PCR was demonstrated to be a promising technology for the identification and quantitation of EV71 viral copy number.

Letras, Nº 71, 2015

Contenido: El azaroso viaje de la hispanidad en nuestra Argentina de hoy / Javier Roberto González -- Viajes en palabras : entre historias de vidas y de culturas / Sofía Carrizo Rueda -- "Fuesse paral Papa et contól la sua fazienda" : la escritura ejemplar del viaje en el Conde Lucanor / Juan Paredes -- La poética del libro de viaje entre la Edad Media y el siglo XXI / Julio Peñate Rivero -- Relatos de viaje y paradigmas culturales / Luis Alburquerque García -- Espacio y desplazamiento en el viaje de Santa Oria / Javier Roberto González -- El inédito Ms. BNM 17.806 y los itinerarios de la Sagrada Escritura : edición y estudio de un texto ignorado / María Mercedes Rodríguez Temperley -- Dilemas del paraíso : viaje, utopía y mundanidad en la literatura árabe / Daniel Del Percio -- El viaje dantesco y su funcionalidad metapoética en El sueño y el Infierno de los enamorados del Marqués de Santillana / Cinthia Hamlin -- La aventura no cumplida : el camino del caballero andante hacia el ocaso / Mónica Nasif -- Benjamín de Tudela y los motivos del viaje : la educación del judío y el encuentro con la propia identidad a través del otro / María Gabriela Pauer -- El motivo del viaje en la literatura de sentencias / Alicia Esther Ramadori -- La travesía del caballero andante : mapas e itinerarios en el Amadis de Gaula / María del Rosario Valenzuela Munguía -- El viaje del héroe en el Libro del caballero Zifar, el caso de Zifar y Roboán / Simón Andrés Villegas -- La dinámica del viaje en el contexto del Ms. Esc. K-III-4 : Libro de Apolonio, Vida de Santa María Egipciaca, Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente -- Reseñas

Sapientia, 1964, Vol. XIX, nº 71 (número completo)

Contenido: Concepto y ser / Octavio N. Derisi – La memoria metafísica según el libro X de las “Confesiones” / Mariano N. Castex – Las cosas bellas / Omar Argerami – El fundamento divino de la esencia y existencia del hombre / Octavio N. Derisi – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía