988 resultados para 1460
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Report on the Iowa Department for the Blind for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Audit report of the Board of Regents for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Involuntary choreiform movements are a clinical hallmark of Huntington's disease. Studies in clinically affected patients suggest a shift of motor activations to parietal cortices in response to progressive neurodegeneration. Here, we studied pre-symptomatic gene carriers to examine the compensatory mechanisms that underlie the phenomenon of retained motor function in the presence of degenerative change. Fifteen pre-symptomatic gene carriers and 12 matched controls performed button presses paced by a metronome at either 0.5 or 2 Hz with four fingers of the right hand whilst being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects pressed buttons either in the order of a previously learnt 10-item finger sequence, from left to right, or kept still. Error rates ranged from 2% to 7% in the pre-symptomatic gene carriers and from 0.5% to 4% in controls, depending on the condition. No significant difference in task performance was found between groups for any of the conditions. Activations in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and superior parietal lobe differed with gene status. Compared with healthy controls, gene carriers showed greater activations of left caudal SMA with all movement conditions. Activations correlated with increasing speed of movement were greater the closer the gene carriers were to estimated clinical diagnosis, defined by the onset of unequivocal motor signs. Activations associated with increased movement complexity (i.e. with the pre-learnt 10-item sequence) decreased in the rostral SMA with nearing diagnostic onset. The left superior parietal lobe showed reduced activation with increased movement complexity in gene carriers compared with controls, and in the right superior parietal lobe showed greater activations with all but the most demanding movements. We identified a complex pattern of motor compensation in pre-symptomatic gene carriers. The results show that preclinical compensation goes beyond a simple shift of activity from premotor to parietal regions involving multiple compensatory mechanisms in executive and cognitive motor areas. Critically, the pattern of motor compensation is flexible depending on the actual task demands on motor control.
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Audit report on the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation for the year ended May 31, 2014
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Audit report on the Iowa State Fair Authority for the year ended October 31, 2013
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Report on the Iowa Department of Public Defense for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Report on the Iowa Veterans Home for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Report on the Iowa Department of Human Rights for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Report on the Iowa Department of Inspections and Appeals for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Report on the Iowa Department of Public Health for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Report on the Iowa Economic Development Authority for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Report on the Iowa Department of Workforce Development for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Audit report on the Iowa Judicial Branch for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Audit report on the Iowa Department of Education for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Audit report on the Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs for the year ended June 30, 2013
