Feeding and egg production of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in spring and autumn in the Yellow Sea, China

Shipboard incubations were conducted in spring (April) and autumn (October/November) 2006 to measure the feeding and egg production rates (EPR) of Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea, China. The ingestion rate (2.08-11.46 and 0.26-3.70 mu g C female(-1) day(-1) in spring and autumn, respectively) was positively correlated with microplankton carbon concentrations. In the northern part of the Yellow Sea, feeding on microplankton easily covers the respiratory and production requirements, whereas in the southern part in spring and in the frontal zone in autumn, C. sinicus must ingest alternative food sources. Low ingestion rates, no egg production and the dominance of the fifth copepodite (CV) stage indicated that C. sinicus was in quiescence inside the Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water (YSCBW) area in autumn. Calanus sinicus ingested ciliates preferentially over other components of the microplankton. The EPR (0.16-12.6 eggs female(-1) day(-1) in spring and 11.4 eggs female(-1) day(-1) at only one station in autumn) increased with ciliate standing stock. Gross growth efficiency (GGE) was 13.4% (3-39%) in spring, which was correlated with the proportion of ciliates in the diet. These results indicate that ciliates have higher nutrient quality than other food items, but the low GGE indicates that the diet of C. sinicus is nutritionally incomplete.

Concentrations and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in shellfish from Changjiang estuary

To analyze and evaluate the status of organochlorine pollutants in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and adjacent waters, the concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in shellfish collected in study area from 2006 to 2007 were determined with gas chromatography (GC). The concentration range of HCHs was (ND-12.13)x10(-3) mg/kg wet weight and averaged at 0.54x10(-3) mg/kg while the concentration of DDTs was in the range of (4.06-281.73) x10(-3) mg/kg with a mean of 57.52x10(-3) mg/kg in the survey areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorine pollutants in the areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorines pollutants. The HCHs in all the shellfish conformed to the first level of criterion (0.02 mg/kg) of the Marion Biology Quality (GB 18421-2001), and that of DDTs in most samples were beyond the first level (0.01 mg/kg) but conformed to the second level (0.10 mg/kg). On average, alpha-HCH and delta-HCH occupied the most part of HCHs, while O,P'-DDT and P,P'-DDT occupied the most part of DDTs. The concentrations of organocholorine pesticides in shellfish samples varied in site and in species. The highest level occurred at the Shengsi (SS), followed by Yangkougang (YKG), Lvsi (LS), Dongyuan (DY) and Beibayao (BBY), low concentrations were observed at Changsha (CS), Beidaodi (BDD), and Gouqi (GQ). The concentration of HCHs and DDTs in most sites decreased clearly from 2006 to 2007 except for YKG, DY, BDD, LYS, and SS. All of above results suggested that the study area was slightly affected by organochlorine pesticide, special by DDTs.

深海鱼油中脂肪酸的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱串联质谱分析

用1-[2-(对甲苯磺酸酯)乙基]-2-苯基咪唑[4,5-f]9,10-菲(TSEPIP)作为柱前荧光衍生试剂,在Eclipse XDBC8(4.6×150 mm,5μm,Agilent)反相色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱在检测波长为380nm(激发波长为260nm)的条件下,实现了阿拉斯加深海鱼油中饱和脂肪酸含量的外标法定量测定.26种饱和脂肪酸的线性范围是200.0pmol～48.83fmol,线性相关系数均大于0.9996,检测限为3.824～47.13 fmol(信噪比为3:1测得,S/N 3:1).经柱后串联质谱大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式实现了各种饱和与不饱和脂肪酸衍生物的质谱鉴定,进而通过峰面积归一化法得出了所有饱和与不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量.结果表明,深海鱼油主要含有C12～C22的脂肪酸,共鉴定出25种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占69.71%(峰面积百分比,下同),特别是具有重要生理作用的多不饱和脂肪酸,如C20:5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA,16.62%),C22:6:2,5,8,11,14,17-二十二碳六烯酸(2,5,8,11,14,17-docosahexenoic acid,DHA,12.31%).

青海湖地区芨芨草草地土壤种子库的初步研究

选择青海湖地区的次生芨芨草草地为研究对象,以围栏内封育和围栏外自由放牧的草地做对照,研究了围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发状况、密度和数量、物种多样性,以及土壤种子库与地上植被的关系。结果表明,围栏内外土壤种子库的萌发趋势非常相似,但是萌发种子累计数量不同;围栏内外土壤种子库中萌发种子的平均密度分别为3660和2460粒·m-2,围栏内萌发种子数比围栏外提高了48.8%;围栏内外土壤种子库的物种多样性指数差异较大,围栏内外丰富度指数R1分别为17和13,R2为3.693和2.832,丰富度围栏内大于围栏外,多样性指数和丰富度指数具有相同的规律,均匀度指数围栏内外分别为0.812和0.857,则是围栏外大于围栏内。围栏内外地上植被群落组成存在显著差异,围栏内的封育草地的物种丰富度和多样性指数均大于围栏外的放牧草地,而均匀度指数则呈相反趋势。

高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质的抗缺氧效果与化学成分

为了确定高在鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi)体内抗缺氧水成分，通过超临界萃取（SCEF）方法从高原鼢鼠肌肉提取脂溶性部分，我们对其成分通过气相色谱－质谱（GC－MS）联用分析。为了证实高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性成分的抗缺氧效果，探讨其抗缺氧机制，我们以小鼠为实验动物，分为5个组，即高剂量实验组（HEG），中剂量实验组（MEG），低剂量实验组（LEG），阳性药物对照组（PEG），空白对照组（CEG），分别以浓度为20％萃取物，10％萃取物，5％萃取物，10％的红景天和蒸馏水连续饲喂10天，然后进行小鼠常压抗缺氧实验，测定小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及血清丙二(MAD)含量。结果发现，高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质提取率为11．5％，共确定了17种成分，主要成分是n-十六烷酸（32．293％）,n-十廿烷酸（1．109％）,n-十八烷酸（6．03％），二－羟基－环十五酮（1．198％），顺十六烯酸（6．13％），反十八烯酸（27．3％），和亚油酸（81．4％），小鼠抗缺氧实验和生化指标测试结果表明，高原鼢鼠肌从脂溶性成分在20％，10％，5％时，与空白对照组相比，都不同程度地延长小鼠在缺氧条件下的存活时间，提高小鼠血清SOD和GSH－PX活性，降低血清LDH活性，减少血清MDA含量。

茶藨属植物果实提取物及其制备工艺及其应用

本发明涉及一种茶藨属植物果实提取物及其制备工艺和应用；它是将青藏高原的茶藨属植物的果实干燥后粉碎，再用醚类溶剂浸泡提取，萃取得果实油脂；然后将果实油脂加醚并加KOH－CH3－OH溶液摇动后静置10－20分钟；将静置的溶液加水静置分层，取上层清液得提取物；本发明富含不饱和脂肪酸，含量在92％以上；其提取工艺简单、提取率高达98.5％；本发明的提取物可用于降血脂、抑制血小板凝聚、治疗高血脂和血栓病。

云南省富乐铅锌多金属矿床闪锌矿中分散元素地球化学特征

分散元素广泛应用于高新技术领域, 具有重要的经济价值, 但因其在地壳中的低含量和其本身地球化学性质的分散性而不易富集成矿, 但是富乐铅锌矿床中却有4 种分散元素Cd, Se, Ge, Ga 具有工业价值。该矿床位于我国重要的川滇黔多金属成矿带南东部,分散元素主要赋存在闪锌矿中, 平均w (B)ö10- 6分别为Cd 16 183, Se 163, Ge 135, Ga 86,其中w (Cd) 是迄今国内最高。闪锌矿分棕黑色、红棕色和黄棕色3 种颜色。Cd 在深色闪锌矿中而Ge 和Ga 在浅色闪锌矿中相对富集, Se 在不同颜色闪锌矿中含量几乎不变。Cd, Ge,Se 主要呈类质同象形式存在, Cd, Ge 占据Zn 的位置, 而Se 占据S 的位置。Ga 主要以显微吸附形式存在, 少量以类质同象形式存在。Zn 与Cd 负相关, 而与Ge 正相关, 与Se 不相关。分散元素地球化学特征指示矿床为沉积2改造成因。

湖北徐家山锑矿床方解石C、O、Sr同位素地球化学

湖北通山的徐家山锑矿床产在上震旦统陡山沱组和灯影组的海相碳酸盐岩中。对该矿床中成矿前和成矿期方解石进行了较系统的C、O、Sr同位素地球化学研究，结果表明，成矿前方解石具相对较高的δ^13CPDB（-0．7‰＋2．0‰）、δ^18OSMOW（＋18．6‰- ＋19．6‰）和Sr含量（2645，8174μg／g，平均5656μg／g），及较低的87Sr／S6Sr比值（0．7096—0．7097）；而成矿期方解石具相对较低的δ^13 CPDB（-3．9‰～-2．1‰）、δ^18OSMOW（＋11．5‰～＋15．3‰）、Sr Rr含量（785～2563μg／g，平均1571μg／g），和较高的^87 Sr／^85 Sr比值（0．7109-0．7154，平均0．7141）。分析认为，成矿前方解石的C、O和绝大部分Sr来源于赋矿围岩——震旦系海相碳酸盐岩；而成矿流体为富H2CO3的溶液，它来自或流经富放射成因。^87 Sr的下伏基底碎屑岩——中元古界冷家溪群浅变质岩；该流体与围岩发生水-岩反应导致成矿期方解石和辉锑矿的沉淀.

富镉铅锌矿床表生地球化学研究及其环境意义－以贵州都匀牛角塘矿床为例

丰富的铅锌矿资源为我国经济社会的发展作出了重要贡献，但也不可避免带来严重的环境污染，特别是酸性矿山废水及重金属污染已成为当今世界面临的两大环境难题。最让人们不安的是，即使在矿山关闭数十年、数百年，甚至更长时间，矿山尾矿等浸出液对矿区生态环境的影响依然存在。闪锌矿是铅锌矿中主要矿物之一，也是镉的主要载体矿物，而镉是有毒重金属元素，其毒性仅次于汞。大量含硫化物废石、尾矿暴露于地表环境，发生水－岩－气之间的反应(即氧化淋滤作用)产生酸性矿山废水和释放大量Zn、Cd等重金属元素，进入矿区水体、土壤，影响甚至破坏矿区生态环境，危害人类健康。通过表生环境条件下矿石风化淋滤实验和闪锌矿氧化动力学实验研究，认识铅锌矿石及闪锌矿氧化淋滤过程、速率及其影响因素，揭示Zn、Cd等重金属元素的释放、迁移及富集规律，并建立定量模型，为正确预测、评价和控制铅锌矿山的环境污染提供科学依据。 本文以牛角塘富镉锌矿床为研究对象，主要通过闪锌矿氧化动力学实验、矿石风化淋滤实验及矿区环境调查将闪锌矿氧化－矿石风化淋滤－环境污染有机地联系在一起，主要取得以下几点认识： 1、矿石风化淋滤实验表明，牛角塘铅锌矿石淋滤后淋滤液主要呈碱性，淋滤释放出大量Zn2+、Cd2+、Ca2+、Mg2+等阳离子及SO42-、CO32-等阴离子，淋滤过程中形成大量以石膏为主要成分的沉淀物，淋滤液中Zn、Cd主要以沉淀形式存在(可能被沉淀吸附或包裹)，而水溶态Zn、Cd浓度极低。 2、牛角塘矿床中黄铁矿锌矿石中Zn和Cd淋滤率较半氧化锌矿石低得多，表明半氧化或氧化锌矿石的风化淋滤作用更强烈。 3、在Fe2(SO4)3为氧化剂时，闪锌矿氧化速率随着Fe3+浓度的增加、温度升高、pH值降低而增加，且闪锌矿氧化过程中Zn、Cd的释放速率大致相同；在有限实验时间内(本文中小于60h)黄铁矿的混入对闪锌矿氧化速率起抑制作用，可能是黄铁矿与闪锌矿与Fe3+反应过程中存在竞争关系；反应的活化能分别为Ea(Zn)41.75 kJ.mol-1、Ea(Cd)42.51 kJ.mol-1，说明闪锌矿氧化速率受矿物表面反应控制。氧气氧化闪锌矿时，随着pH值的变化闪锌矿的氧化机理发生变化，在2＜pH≤6范围内，闪锌矿氧化速率随着pH值的增加而降低，而在6＜pH≤7.8范围内，随着pH值增加，闪锌矿氧化速率反而增加。Fe3+和氧气均对闪锌矿的氧化起重要作用，但以Fe3+氧化为主。 4、大多数闪锌矿氧化实验中Zn、Cd的溶解曲线非常相似、活化能相近，表明Zn和Cd存在相似的地球化学行为。但在闪锌矿溶解过程中Zn、Cd的释放速率存在差异，在酸性介质条件下Cd的释放速率比Zn略快，而中碱性介质条件，Cd的释放速率比Zn慢。这与Zn、Cd同处元素周期表第ⅡB族，它们之间既存在许多相似的地球化学性质，也存在不少差异有关。 5、利用双对数图法处理实验数据，得出表生环境条件下闪锌矿氧化速率公式为： 或 该公式可用于估算一定时间内闪锌矿氧化所释放的Zn、Cd等重金属元素的总量，为正确预测、评价和控制铅锌矿山的环境影响提供科学依据。 6、牛角塘矿区环境调查结果表明，牛角塘矿山水体主要呈中碱性，水体污染较轻，大多水体中Zn、Cd含量未超过农业灌溉标准及饮用水国家标准，这主要受矿区碳酸盐岩地层的影响。但矿区土壤、河流沉积物及植物中Zn、Cd均超过相关国家标准，遭到不同程度污染。 7、本文研究表明，闪锌矿氧化及铅锌矿风化淋滤过程中，将产生矿山酸性废水和释放Zn、Cd等重金属元素，污染矿区及其下游生态环境，危害人类健康。我们可以采取以下措施进行防范和控制环境污染：第一，提高矿区水体pH值，降低闪锌矿等硫化物矿物氧化速率；第二，尽量减少废石、尾矿直接暴露于空气、Fe3+等氧化剂环境中，如可在废石（渣）、尾矿表面盖上覆土等，也可降低闪锌矿等硫化物矿物的氧化速率。

Efeito do tamanho e peso das sementes de duas progênies de pupunha sobre a germinação.

2008

Composição química e usos da semente de imbuia nativa do município de Colombo, PR.

2008

Influência da umidade no poder calorífico superior da madeira.

2008

Evaluation of a national evidence-based health care course via teleconference in a developing country

Rationale, aims and objectives Continuing health education is essential but challenged. in 2006, the Brazilian Cochrane Center, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, launched a mass teaching initiative in evidence-based health care (EBH) for public-sector professionals via teleconferencing. This 152-hour, interactive EBH course has enrolled over 4500 professionals. This study aimed to assess the acquisition EBH knowledge and skills, as well as the attitudes and perceptions of a sample of students enrolled in the 2009 course via teleconferencing.Methods This prospective cohort study analyzed three aspects of this 152-hour EBH course that recruited 1040 volunteer participants, all public health sector employees working in 131 different hospitals or health agencies. Pre- and post-course tests using a modified version of the Berlin questionnaire with 20 multiple-choice questions were used to examine knowledge acquisition in a sample of 297 students. Tests were completed upon registration and at course completion. the research projects submitted by 872 participants were evaluated to assess skill acquisition. Answers to an anonymous survey assessed the attitudes and perceptions of 914 participants.Results There was a significant increase in knowledge from baseline to course completion (mean scores 8.2 +/- 3.3 versus 13.7 +/- 3.0, P < 0.001). Over 90% of the research projects were judged to be of adequate quality (appropriate rationale for the study, well-formulated research question and feasible execution); over 95% of the participants were satisfied with the course.Conclusion the Brazilian EBH course via teleconference improved the knowledge and skills of public-sector health professionals and was approved by the vast majority of students.