Le poids de l’oiseau sur la vitre ; suivi de L’hétérogénéité graphique dans Blankets de Craig Thompson

Le mémoire original s'accompagnait en annexe du livre-objet Le poids de l'oiseau sur la vitre.

De la réception filmique à la participation ludique : prolégomènes d’une étude sur l’énonciation vidéoludique

Ce mémoire étudie la dynamique communicationnelle et interactionnelle entre un joueur et un système de jeu par l’entremise des théories de l’énonciation et de la cognition. Par une analyse des jeux vidéo d’horreur en perspective à la première personne, il s’agit de conceptualiser une spirale heuristique de l’énonciation à partir des principes théoriques du Cycle Magique (Arsenault et Perron, 2009). Le propos se focalise sur la manière dont le joueur expérimente et traite les propositions ludiques et les propositions ludodiégétiques. L’intérêt est d’observer comment la valeur réflexive des marques de jeu et des marques de jouabilité sert à départager des relations d’attribution entre des formulations énonciatives (textuelles, verbales, visuelles, sonores ou procédurales) et des agents énonciatifs. Cette recherche rend compte, d’une part, de la gestion cognitive des faits énonciatifs et, d’autre part, de la modulation de leurs valeurs d’immédiateté-hypermédiateté et de leurs rapports de liaison/déliaison avec les agents énonciatifs. Il est expliqué que cette activité cognitive du joueur dirige la schématisation d’attitudes interactionnelles servant à structurer la signification – ludique ou narrative – des propositions ludiques générées au cours de l’activité de jeu. L’analyse cible des processus de mise en phase performative et de mise en phase méta-systémique ludique permettant la détermination de vecteurs d’immersion. En fonction du caractère d’opacité ou de transparence des vecteurs, il est question d’indiquer comment la posture d’expérience du joueur oscille entre un continuum immersif qui polarise une expérience systémique et une expérience diégétisée.

Étude de la cinématique HI (21cm) et H-Alpha de la galaxie du Triangle (M33).

Latex a été utilisé pour la redaction de cette thèse.

First-principles electronic theory of non-collinear magnetic order in transition-metal nanowires

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of one-dimensional 3d transition-metal (TM) monoatomic chains having linear, zigzag and ladder geometries are investigated in the frame-work of first-principles density-functional theory. The stability of long-range magnetic order along the nanowires is determined by computing the corresponding frozen-magnon dispersion relations as a function of the 'spin-wave' vector q. First, we show that the ground-state magnetic orders of V, Mn and Fe linear chains at the equilibrium interatomic distances are non-collinear (NC) spin-density waves (SDWs) with characteristic equilibrium wave vectors q that depend on the composition and interatomic distance. The electronic and magnetic properties of these novel spin-spiral structures are discussed from a local perspective by analyzing the spin-polarized electronic densities of states, the local magnetic moments and the spin-density distributions for representative values q. Second, we investigate the stability of NC spin arrangements in Fe zigzag chains and ladders. We find that the non-collinear SDWs are remarkably stable in the biatomic chains (square ladder), whereas ferromagnetic order (q =0) dominates in zigzag chains (triangular ladders). The different magnetic structures are interpreted in terms of the corresponding effective exchange interactions J(ij) between the local magnetic moments μ(i) and μ(j) at atoms i and j. The effective couplings are derived by fitting a classical Heisenberg model to the ab initio magnon dispersion relations. In addition they are analyzed in the framework of general magnetic phase diagrams having arbitrary first, second, and third nearest-neighbor (NN) interactions J(ij). The effect of external electric fields (EFs) on the stability of NC magnetic order has been quantified for representative monoatomic free-standing and deposited chains. We find that an external EF, which is applied perpendicular to the chains, favors non-collinear order in V chains, whereas it stabilizes the ferromagnetic (FM) order in Fe chains. Moreover, our calculations reveal a change in the magnetic order of V chains deposited on the Cu(110) surface in the presence of external EFs. In this case the NC spiral order, which was unstable in the absence of EF, becomes the most favorable one when perpendicular fields of the order of 0.1 V/Å are applied. As a final application of the theory we study the magnetic interactions within monoatomic TM chains deposited on graphene sheets. One observes that even weak chain substrate hybridizations can modify the magnetic order. Mn and Fe chains show incommensurable NC spin configurations. Remarkably, V chains show a transition from a spiral magnetic order in the freestanding geometry to FM order when they are deposited on a graphene sheet. Some TM-terminated zigzag graphene-nanoribbons, for example V and Fe terminated nanoribbons, also show NC spin configurations. Finally, the magnetic anisotropy energies (MAEs) of TM chains on graphene are investigated. It is shown that Co and Fe chains exhibit significant MAEs and orbital magnetic moments with in-plane easy magnetization axis. The remarkable changes in the magnetic properties of chains on graphene are correlated to charge transfers from the TMs to NN carbon atoms. Goals and limitations of this study and the resulting perspectives of future investigations are discussed.

Software Development Life Cycles and process models

This presentation describes the evolution of SDLCs from the first formally proposed linear models including, the Waterfall (Royce 1970) through to iterative prototyping models (Spiral and Win-Win Spiral) and incremental, iterative models used in Agile Methods. We discuss the problems iinherent in ech prpoosal and how successive models attempt to solve them.

Software Development Life Cycles and Process Models

This presentation describes the evolution of Software Development Lifecycles (SDLCs) from the first formally proposed linear models including, the Waterfall (Royce 1970) through to iterative prototyping models (Spiral and Win-Win Spiral) and incremental, iterative models used in Agile Methods. We discuss the problems iinherent in each prpoosal and how successive models attempt to solve them.

La estructura y funcionalidad de los sistemas en el modelo de Bronfenbrenner y su utilidad en entornos empresariales

El proyecto será desarrollado en base al modelo ecológico del desarrollo humano, (Bronfenbrenner, 1999) partiendo desde la explicación y conceptualización del modelo en términos generales, guiando la investigación hacia un ámbito organizacional en donde se podrá aplicar la teoría descrita por Bronfenbrenner y así, determinar cuál es la estructura y funcionalidad de los sistemas en el modelo además de establecer qué utilidad tiene en entornos empresariales por medio del análisis de los múltiples sistemas, relaciones, interacciones y efectos que tienen y que desarrollan las empresas u organizaciones en el transcurso de su vida. A lo largo de la investigación se hará referencia a diferentes conceptos relacionados tanto con el modelo como con el mundo en que se desarrollan las organizaciones, tales como clusters, sistemas, sectores, estrategias, marketing relacional, comunidad, interacciones, influencias, entre otros; los cuales permitirán acercar lo mayor posible el modelo de Bronfenbrenner al mundo empresarial y lograr desarrollar de mejor manera la intención de aplicar el modelo al mundo organizacional.

Uso y efectividad de la relación estratégica comunitaria y el marketing en empresas del sector aeronáutico

La relación estratégica comunitaria busca la atracción y retención de clientes a través del entendimiento de los consumidores dentro del contexto social que los rodea, es decir, una estrategia de mercadeo que busca relaciones duraderas con sus clientes a través del desarrollo de las comunidades en las cuales están insertos, logrando así beneficios para ambas partes, empresa y comunidad, y una relación de negocios sostenible a través del tiempo. Este trabajo busca determinar cuál es el uso y la efectividad de la relación estratégica comunitaria y el marketing en el sector aeronáutico, pasando por la identificación de las estrategias de mercadeo, los conceptos comunitarios y el uso de las estrategias comunitarias al interior del sector. Para determinar esto, se tomó a Avianca como muestra en el período 2004-2014 y se buscó la relación de su mercadeo y sus acciones sociales con las estrategias comunitarias, sin embargo los resultados arrojaron que no existe una relación estratégica comunitaria en la compañía, a pesar de manejar conceptos comunitarios en sus proyectos sociales.

Resultados clínicos, radiológicos del manejo de fracturas diafisiarias de fémur con clavos elásticos endomedulares en población pediátrica

Introducción: Las fracturas de fémur en pediatría son una causa de discapacidad por requerir una inmovilización prolongada, convirtiendo su manejo en un reto para el ortopedista. El tratamiento depende de muchos factores, como la edad, el peso, el tipo de fractura y mecanismo de trauma. El estudio evaluará los desenlaces clínicos y radiológicos del paciente pediátrico con fracturas diafisiaria de fémur manejadas quirúrgicamente con clavos elásticos endomedulares. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, serie de casos, recolección de información a través de revisión de historias clínicas en pacientes sometidos quirúrgicamente con clavos elásticos. Resultados: Un total de 13 casos; promedio de edad de 8,2±2,86 años; relación hombre mujer es 3: 1. Principal mecanismo de trauma baja energía (9 casos). Con un seguimiento de 12.5±2,82 meses, el postoperatorio evidenció complicaciones menores relacionadas con irritación del punto de entrada del clavo (9 casos). Solo un caso presentó no unión de la fractura. No se documentaron otras complicaciones, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la anteversión femoral del miembro fracturado y el sano (p=0,001) relacionado con problemas rotacionales, igual que la angulación en el plano sagital (p=0,030) sin repercusión para la consolidación ni la marcha. Conclusiones: El análisis de resultados clínicos y radiológicos concuerda con lo descrito en la literatura mundial, los clavos elásticos endomedulares es una técnica reproducible con resultados excelentes y satisfactorios, bajas tasas de complicaciones. Éste estudio presenta limitaciones debido al tamaño de muestra, no podemos hacer recomendaciones definitivas.

A trilogia do sucesso: a educação inclusiva, a investigação-acção e a intervenção no grupo, atendendo à sua diversidade

RESUMO: O presente trabalho de projecto teve como principal objectivo compreender de que modo se pode promover o sucesso de todos, através do sucesso de cada um, num grupo heterogéneo de crianças do 2º e 3º ano do 1º Ciclo, com diferentes níveis de aprendizagem e problemáticas diversificadas. Com o principal objectivo de provocar mudanças positivas na dinâmica e intervenientes deste contexto, adoptou-se a metodologia de investigação-acção e recorreu-se a técnicas de pesquisa documental, à entrevista semi-directiva, à observação naturalista e à sociometria. O processo interventivo seguiu um plano de acção, inicialmente delimitado face às problemáticas diagnosticadas. Realizou-se de Fevereiro a Junho de 2010 seguindo uma estrutura cíclica e em espiral, composto por etapas de planificação, acção, avaliação e reflexão, para nova acção, que se tornou progressivamente mais informada. Esta metodologia permitiu alcançar resultados muito positivos e mudanças importantes no contexto intervencionado. Especificamente, numa fase inicial, a turma apresentava baixos desempenhos sociais, relacionais, comportamentais e académicos. Conjugados com estas problemáticas, todos os alunos apresentavam uma baixa autonomia, auto-estima e motivação para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para além destes factores, apesar da heterogeneidade do grupo, de onde se destacavam os alunos 5, 9, 11, 12 e 13, considerados com necessidades educativas especiais, a dinâmica da prática pedagógica desenvolvida assentava num modelo de ensino tradicional, centrado no professor e nos desempenhos do aluno médio, reveladora de uma baixa eficiência de resultados. A heterogeneidade da turma era encarada como um obstáculo à aprendizagem. A intervenção desenvolvida, de forma fundamentada, permitiu um ensino inclusivo na turma, suportado na diferenciação pedagógica inclusiva, alcançada através da aprendizagem cooperativa, da tutoria entre pares e de uma estrutura coesa de parceria pedagógica entre a professora titular da turma e a investigadora. Para além destes, a intervenção realizada permitiu resultados positivos ao nível do perfil do grupo-turma, nomeadamente pelo registo de uma melhoria muito significativa nos desempenhos cognitivos, sócio-afectivos e comportamentais dos alunos. ABSTRACT: The present project work had as main objective to understand the way one can promote the success of all through the success of each one in a heterogeneous group of children of the 2nd and 3rd years of the 1st Cycle with different levels of learning and several problematic. With the main purpose of causing positive changes in the dynamics and actors of this context, the action-research methodology was adopted as well as the techniques of documentary research, and the half-directive interview, the naturalistic observation and the sociometry. The intervention process followed an action plan, initially delimited face to the problematic ones diagnosed. It took place from February to June 2010 following a cyclical and spiral structure made of stages of planning, action, evaluation and reflection, to a new action that became gradually more informed. This methodology allowed to reach very positive results and important changes in the interventional context. Specifically, in an initial phase, the group presented low social, relational, behavioral and academics performances. Together with these problematic issues, all the pupils presented a low autonomy, low self-esteem and low motivation for the teach-learning process. In addition to these factors there was the heterogeneity of the group (a group of pupils 5, 9, 11, 12 and 13 considered with special needs), and the teaching process was based on a traditional model centered in the teacher and the performances of the average pupil, revealing a low efficiency of results. The heterogeneity of the group was faced as an obstacle to the learning process. The developed intervention allowed an inclusive educational model in the group based in the inclusive pedagogical differentiation, reached through the cooperative learning, peer tutoring and a cohesive structure of pedagogical partnership between the titular teacher of the group and the researcher. Beyond these aspects, the research allowed positive results in the class, mainly a significant improvement in the cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioral performances of the pupils.

Eighth nerve degeneration in the deafness mouse

This paper discusses a study done to examine regeneration of spiral ganglion cells in the deafness mouse.

Interactions of alpha and beta synuclein proteins in auditory functioning

Alpha-synuclein is found in synaptic terminals at the base of both inner and outer hair cells, while the beta isoform is prominently localized to spiral ganglion neuron cell bodies. The present study assessed the role of beta-synuclein in auditory function, and potential interactions between isoforms.

Private long-term investment in uncertain times. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2012/23, December 2012

The economic and financial crisis in Europe is affecting the financing of long-term infrastructure investment. There are multiple clearly identifiable channels: reduced demand for long-term investment, a tightening prudential framework for lending, upward adjustment of risk perception, complex transition of the financial system, and increasing macroeconomic, sovereign and regulatory risk. Some of the identified channels are potentially dangerous spillovers from the crisis that entail the risk of a downward spiral (eg increasing regulatory risk), while others are efficient market responses (eg reduced investment demand, correction of pricing of risk). Consequently, public policy instruments should not address the accessibility of long-term finance per se, but should explicitly target the critical channels.

A new perspective on Southern hemisphere storm-tracks.

A detailed view of Southern Hemisphere storm tracks is obtained based on the application of filtered variance and modern feature-tracking techniques to a wide range of 45-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. It has been checked that the conclusions drawn in this study are valid even if data from only the satellite era are used. The emphasis of the paper is on the winter season, but results for the four seasons are also discussed. Both upper- and lower-tropospheric fields are used. The tracking analysis focuses on systems that last longer than 2 days and are mobile (move more than 1000 km). Many of the results support previous ideas about the storm tracks, but some new insights are also obtained. In the summer there is a rather circular, strong, deep high-latitude storm track. In winter the high-latitude storm track is more asymmetric with a spiral from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in toward Antarctica and a subtropical jet–related lower-latitude storm track over the Pacific, again tending to spiral poleward. At all times of the year, maximum storm activity in the higher-latitude storm track is in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions. In the winter upper troposphere, the relative importance of, and interplay between, the subtropical and subpolar storm tracks is discussed. The genesis, lysis, and growth rate of lower-tropospheric winter cyclones together lead to a vivid picture of their behavior that is summarized as a set of overlapping plates, each composed of cyclone life cycles. Systems in each plate appear to feed the genesis in the next plate through downstream development in the upper-troposphere spiral storm track. In the lee of the Andes in South America, there is cyclogenesis associated with the subtropical jet and also, poleward of this, cyclogenesis largely associated with system decay on the upslope and regeneration on the downslope. The genesis and lysis of cyclones and anticyclones have a definite spatial relationship with each other and with the Andes. At 500 hPa, their relative longitudinal positions are consistent with vortex-stretching ideas for simple flow over a large-scale mountain. Cyclonic systems near Antarctica have generally spiraled in from lower latitudes. However, cyclogenesis associated with mobile cyclones occurs around the Antarctic coast with an interesting genesis maximum over the sea ice near 150°E. The South Pacific storm track emerges clearly from the tracking as a coherent deep feature spiraling from Australia to southern South America. A feature of the summer season is the genesis of eastward-moving cyclonic systems near the tropic of Capricorn off Brazil, in the central Pacific and, to a lesser extent, off Madagascar, followed by movement along the southwest flanks of the subtropical anticyclones and contribution to the “convergence zone” cloud bands seen in these regions.

New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks

The aim of this paper is to explore the use of both an Eulerian and system-centered method of storm track diagnosis applied to a wide range of meteorological fields at multiple levels to provide a range of perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter transient motions and to give new insight into the storm track organization and behavior. The data used are primarily from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalyses project extended with operational analyses to the period 1979-2000. This is supplemented by data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and Goddard Earth Observing System 1 reanalyses. The range of fields explored include the usual mean sea level pressure and the lower- and upper-tropospheric height, meridional wind, vorticity, and temperature, as well as the potential vorticity (PV) on a 330-K isentropic surface (PV330) and potential temperature on a PV = 2 PVU surface (theta(PV2)). As well as reporting the primary analysis based on feature tracking, the standard Eulerian 2-6-day bandpass filtered variance analysis is also reported and contrasted with the tracking diagnostics. To enable the feature points to be identified as extrema for all the chosen fields, a planetary wave background structure is removed at each data time. The bandpass filtered variance derived from the different fields yield a rich picture of the nature and comparative magnitudes of the North Pacific and Atlantic storm tracks, and of the Siberian and Mediterranean candidates for storm tracks. The feature tracking allows the cyclonic and anticyclonic activities to be considered seperately. The analysis indicates that anticyclonic features are generally much weaker with less coherence than the cyclonic systems. Cyclones and features associated with them are shown to have much greater coherence and give tracking diagnostics that create a vivid storm track picture that includes the aspects highlighted by the variances as well as highlighting aspects that are not readily available from Eulerian studies. In particular, the upper-tropospheric features as shown by negative theta(PV2), for example, occur in a band spiraling around the hemisphere from the subtropical North Atlantic eastward to the high latitudes of the same ocean basin. Lower-troposphere storm tracks occupy more limited longitudinal sectors, with many of the individual storms possibly triggered from the upper-tropospheric disturbances in the spiral band of activity.