Acerola: importance, culture conditions, production and biochemical aspects

Origin and importance. Acerola, or Malpighia emarginata D. C., is native to the Caribbean islands, Central America and the Amazonian region. More recently, it has been introduced in subtropical areas (Asia, India and South America). The vitamin C produced by acerola is better absorbed by the human organism than synthetic ascorbic acid. Exportation of acerola crops is a potential alternative source of income in agricultural businesses. In Brazil, the commercial farming of acerola is quite recent. Climatic conditions. Acerola is a rustic plant. It can resist temperatures close to 0 degrees C, but it is well adapted to temperatures around 26 degrees C with rainfall between (1200 and 1600) mm per year. Fruit characteristics. Acerola fruit is drupaceous, whose form can vary from round to conic. When ripe, it can be red, purple or yellow. The fruit weight varies between (3 and 16) g. Maturation. Acerola fruit presents fast metabolic activity and its maturation occurs rapidly. When commercialised in ambient conditions, it requires fast transportation or the use of refrigerated containers to retard its respiration and metabolism partially. Production and productivity. Flowering and fruiting are typically in cycles associated with rain. Usually, they take place in 25-day cycles, up to 8 times per year. The plant can be propagated by cuttings, grafting or seedlings. Harvest. Fruits produced for markets needs to be harvested at its optimal maturation stage. For distant markets, they need to be packed in boxes and piled up in low layers; transportation should be done in refrigerated trucks in relatively high humid conditions. Biochemical constituents. Acerola is the most important natural source of vitamin C [(1000 to 4500) mg.100(-1) g of pulp], but it is also rich in pectin and pectolytic enzymes, carotenoids, plant fibre, vitamin B, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, proteins and mineral salts. It has also shown active anti-fungal properties. Products and market. Acerola is used in the production of juice, soft drinks, gums and liqueurs. The USA and Europe are great potential markets. In Europe, acerola extracts are used to enrich pear or apple juices. In the USA, they are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Conclusions. The demand for acerola has increased significantly in recent years because of the relevance of vitamin C in human health, coupled with the use of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant in food and feed. Acerola fruit contains other significant components, which are likely to lead to a further increase in its production and trade all over the world.

Relações pressão-diâmetro e esforço-diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo em seres humanos. Padronização e análise crítica do método.

PURPOSE--To provide a critical analysis of the fluid filled manometric system and M-mode echocardiography and, by their association, to standardize the determination of left ventricular (LV) pressure-diameter and stress-diameter relationships in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS--The pressure curve and the LV M-mode image was obtained in 24 patients with cardiopathy. The dynamic characteristics of the fluid-filled system have been studied to define the amplitude, the resonance and the time gap of the pressure curve register. The delay of the pressure curve recording was determined in all cases by comparing pressure curve and echocardiographic aortic valve registers. The values of pressure, diameter, posterior wall thickness and LV meridional stress was calculated at every 0.02s. RESULTS--Preliminary analyses of the fluid-filled manometric system indicated that this system has variable dynamic characteristics. The pressure-diameter and stress-diameter loops obtained were similar to those of the literature. The values of end-systolic stress, percentage of fractional shortening, ejection fraction and circumferential fiber shortening rate of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 5) were significantly reduced when compared to the values of patients without left ventricular overload (n = 8) and patients with ventricular volume overload. It has been verified, also, that the retard of the pressure curve record introduced by the fluid-filled manometric system does not modify the values of these variables. CONCLUSION--The LV pressure-diameter and stress-diameter relationships obtained by the association of echocardiography and LV manometry showed functional characteristics of the ventricle that could not appear by the use of the echocardiography or by the LV manometry themselves.

Benzyladenine sprays and senescent flowers removal on postproduction performance of Potted zinnia 'Profusion cherry'

'Profusion Cherry' is a dwarf zinnia with prospect for pot use in Brazil. The success of flowering potted plants depends on its performance during transport and on the period of time that it performs well indoors. Benzyladenine application may retard leaf and flower senescence, increasing postproduction longevity and quality. Senescent flowers removal by consumers, to give a fresh appearance to home flowering potted plant, could influence source-sink relationship and postproduction. This study evaluated the effect of benzyladenine and senescent flowers removal on postproduction performance of 'Profusion Cherry', and observed the senescence symptoms. When plants, produced in greenhouse at São Paulo State, Brazil, had 4 to 5 open flowers, they were sprayed to runoff a single time (20ml/pot) with benzyladenine (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.0 mmol) and placed into plastic trays, without sleeve. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with 6 treatments (control, four benzyladenine concentrations and senescent flowers removal), 4 replications (2 pots per experimental unit), totalising 12 potted plants in each plastic tray (block). To simulate highway transport, plants remained for 4 days in a dark chamber, at 20.0 °C without irrigation. To include vibration, each plastic tray, was placed in an incubator shaker for 3hr a day, at 60 rpm, 25°C and darkness. After simulated transport, plants remained indoors (10h.day-1 with 18 μmol.m-2.s-1 PPF, 21.5 to 27.0°C and, 14 h.day-1 at darkness, 18.5 to 24.0°C) during 21 days. Plants performed well during simulated transport, and also indoors for two weeks. For most of evaluated parameters there was not significant effect of benzyladenine concentrations by Tukey's test. Senescent flowers removal did not delayed senescence or improved plants quality. The symptoms associated with the loss of decorative life were ray florets color fading and wilting, without abscission of flowers or petals.

Bezafibrate for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV1-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected patients has been associated with the development of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CD) including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia being the most frequent metabolic disturbance in these patients. Fibrates are indicated when hypertriglyceridemia is accentuated and persists for over six months. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of bezafibrate for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV-infected individuals on HAART. All patients received 400mg/day of bezafibrate and were evaluated three times: Mo (pre-treatment), M1 (one month after treatment), and M2 (six months after treatment). Fifteen adult individuals, eight males and seven females with mean age = 41.2 ± 7.97 years and triglyceride serum levels ≥400mg/dL were included in the study. Smoking, alcohol ingestion and sedentarism rates were 50%, 6.66% and 60%, respectively. Family history of CD, hypertension and diabetes mellitus was reported in 33.3%, 40% and 46.7% of the cases, respectively, while dyslipidemia was reported by only 13.3%. More than half of the patients were using a protease inhibitor plus a nucleotide analog transcriptase inhibitor. Eutrophy and tendency toward overweight were observed at all three study time points. There were significant reductions in triglyceride serum levels from Mo to M1 and from Mo to M2. No significant changes were observed in the serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, hepatic enzymes, CD4 +, CD8 + and viral load. Therefore, bezafibrate seems to be safe and effective for the reduction of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV-infected patients on HAART. © 2006 by The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Contexto Publishing. All rights reserved.

Uso de antioxidantes naturais em hambúrgueres preparados com carne mecanicamente sepada de tilápia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo do crescimento ósseo de bovinos da raça nelore até 24 meses de idade: padronização e correlação da densidade mineral óssea do (DMD) do III metacarpo com sexo, idade e peso

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Avaliação da capacitação de quimioprevenção de Eugenia jambolana em linhagem de hepatocarcinoma celular (HepG2 e Hepa 1c1c7)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Velhas drogas, novas terapêuticas: investigação da utilização de antagonistas de adrenoceptores α1 e de bloqueadores de canais de cálcio no retardo da ejaculação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mapeamento de sensibilidade a derramamentos de petróleo do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso - PEIC e áreas do entorno

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo histológico da ação do laser e da terapia fotodinâmica no processo de reparação de feridas cutâneas em ratos tratados com corticóide

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Uma análise geográfica das novas ruralidades e do controle social nas Vilas Rurais da Paz em Rolândia e João Inocente em Cambé

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de produto cárneo de tilápia com antioxidantes naturais

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Situação vacinal de crianças atendidas em uma unidade de saúde na cidade de Porto Velho

Foi analisada a situação vacinal de 173 crianças de 0 a 2 anos de idade atendidas na Policlínica Hamilton Raulino Gondin situada num bairro periférico da cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia. Os dados foram colhidos de maio a setembro de 2001 e obtidos através de entrevistas realizadas com o acompanhante da criança mediante a aplicação de formulário padronizado. Através deste instrumento foram analisadas as carteiras de vacina das crianças, tendo como critério o aprazamento das doses e colhidas informações referentes aos aspectos sócio-econômicos e culturais da família onde a criança está inserida. Os resultados mostraram que os maiores percentuais de atrasos encontrados foram 6,4% para a vacina contra a febre amarela e 5,8% para as vacinas contra sarampo (1ª e 2ª dose) e contra o Haemophilus influenza tipo b-Hib 3ª dose. Dentre os motivos de atrasos vacinais pesquisados o de maior relevância foi à falta de informação da mãe ou responsáveis. Estudando os fatores sócio-econômicos e culturais da família das crianças da amostra, evidenciou-se predominância de mães jovens, com idade entre 19 e 25 anos. Em relação ao grau de escolaridade do acompanhante das crianças, detectamos o percentual de 63,0% para o I grau incompleto. Analisando a renda das famílias das crianças do estudo observou-se que 29,5% vivem com rendimento compreendidos entre 1 e 2 salários mínimos.

Forma oligossintomática da leishmaniose visceral americana: aspectos clínico e soroepidemiológico

A leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) é doença infecciosa, não contagiosa de evolução crônica, com altos índices de morbi-mortalidade, sendo o Brasil detentor de 90% dos casos notificados no continente Americano. No entanto, ainda não estão esclarecidos de forma objetiva os sinais e sintomas da forma subclínica da doença, ocasionando retardo ou confusão no diagnóstico da infecção. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho propôs-se a acompanhar clínica e sorologicamente a população previamente definida, a fim de caracterizar a forma oligossistomática da LVA e estudar a prevalência e incidência da infecção. Foram acompanhados 307 indivíduos infectados ou não pela Leishmania chagasi, crianças e adultos, pertencentes a 61 famílias, moradores da localidade Cabresto, Barcarena-Pará, triados através de exame clínico e laboratorial, com base na sorologia para LVA por técnica de imunofluorescência indireta, no período de janeiro/2000 a janeiro/2001. Para o cálculo da incidência da infecção e determinantes clínicos foram excluídos da amostra 06 pacientes que já haviam desenvolvido a forma clássica da doença em período anterior. A análise estatística foi realizada com auxílio do programa EPIINFO 6.04 e BioEstat 2.0 e os testes aplicados foram o Qui-quadrado, Teste Exato de Fisher e Teste G. No momento do primeiro exame (triagem sorológica), 34 (11%) pacientes tiveram sorologia positiva para a infecção, entretanto 06 desses pacientes já haviam desenvolvido as manifestações clássicas da LVA, transcorridos os 12 meses da pesquisa surgiram mais 09 indivíduos com sorologia positiva de títulos maiores ou iguais a 1/320, perfazendo um total de 43 (14%) pacientes infectados pelo parasito. Entre os pacientes infectados: as faixas etárias de maior predominância foi o sexo masculino com 28 (65,1 %); os sinais e sintomas manifestos ou percebidos pelos indivíduos oligossintomáticos (5,5%), foram: palidez cutâneo-mucosa, adenite, sopro cardíaco, perda de peso, hepatomegalia, distensão abdominal e tosse. A taxa de incidência da infecção foi de 2,9%. Nenhum dos pacientes infectados apresentou exacerbação dos sintomas ou manifestou semelhança com a forma aguda da doença, durante os doze meses de estudo, mesmo quando apresentavam títulos mais elevados da sorologia, compatíveis com àqueles de pacientes da forma clássica da LVA.

Distúrbio fisiológico provocado pelo frio e prevenção com tratamentos térmicos em abacates

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)