Sea surface temperature oscillations in southern Okinawa Trough during last 2700 years from ODP Hole 195-1202B

Most of the temperature reconstructions for the past two millennia are based on proxy data from various sites on land. Here we present a bidecadal resolution record of sea surface temperature (SST) in Southern Okinawa Trough for the past ca. 2700 years by analyzing tetraether lipids of planktonic archaea in the ODP Hole 1202B, a site under the strong influence of Kuroshio Current and East Asian monsoon. The reconstructed SST anomalies generally coincided with previously reported late Holocene climate events, including the Roman Warm Period, Sui-Tang dynasty Warm Period, Medieval Warm Period, Current Warm Period, Dark Age Cold Period and Little Ice Age. However, the Medieval Warm Period usually thought to be a historical analogue for the Current Warm Period has a mean SST of 0.6-0.8°C lower than that of the Roman Warm Period and Sui-Tang dynasty Warm Period. Despite an increase since 1850 AD, the mean SST in the 20th century is still within the range of natural variability during the past 2700 years. A close correlation of SST in Southern Okinawa Trough with air temperature in East China, intensity of East Asian monsoon and the El-Niño Southern Oscillation index has been attributed to the fluctuations in solar output and oceanic-atmospheric circulation.

Analysis of Thematic Classified Aerial Images Trough Multispectral and LIDAR Data

The application of thematic maps obtained through the classification of remote images needs the obtained products with an optimal accuracy. The registered images from the airplanes display a very satisfactory spatial resolution, but the classical methods of thematic classification not always give better results than when the registered data from satellite are used. In order to improve these results of classification, in this work, the LIDAR sensor data from first return (Light Detection And Ranging) registered simultaneously with the spectral sensor data from airborne are jointly used. The final results of the thematic classification of the scene object of study have been obtained, quantified and discussed with and without LIDAR data, after applying different methods: Maximum Likehood Classification, Support Vector Machine with four different functions kernel and Isodata clustering algorithm (ML, SVM-L, SVM-P, SVM-RBF, SVM-S, Isodata). The best results are obtained for SVM with Sigmoide kernel. These allow the correlation with others different physical parameters with great interest like Manning hydraulic coefficient, for their incorporation in a GIS and their application in hydraulic modeling.

Simulation model for the study of overhead rail current collector systems dynamics, focused on the design of a new conductor rail

Overhead rigid conductor arrangements for current collection for railway traction have some advantages compared to other, more conventional, energy supply systems. They are simple, robust and easily maintained, not to mention their flexibility as to the required height for installation, which makes them particularly suitable for use in subway infrastructures. Nevertheless, due to the increasing speeds of new vehicles running on modern subway lines, a more efficient design is required for this kind of system. In this paper, the authors present a dynamic analysis of overhead conductor rail systems focused on the design of a new conductor profile with a dynamic behaviour superior to that of the system currently in use. This means that either an increase in running speed can be attained, which at present does not exceed 110 km/h, or an increase in the distance between the rigid catenary supports with the ensuing saving in installation costs. This study has been carried out using simulation techniques. The ANSYS programme has been used for the finite element modelling and the SIMPACK programme for the elastic multibody systems analysis.

Automatic mesh generation processor for 3-D parabolic boundary discretization

An automatic Mesh Generation Preprocessor for BE Programs with a considerable of capabilities has been developed. This program allows almost any kind of geometry and tipology to be defined with a small amount of external data, and with an important approximation of the boundary geometry. Also the error checking possibility is very important for a fast comprobation of the results.