Fezes equina como fonte de inóculo na obtenção de indicadores indigestíveis para estimar a digestibilidade em equinos

Four castrated horses were utilized in randomized blocks experimental design. The objective was to study the in vitro acquirement of indigestible fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDFi) and acid detergent fiber (ADFi), using as inoculum source rumen fluid (RF) or horse feces (HF), to estimate the nutrient digestibility (ND) in horses. Treatments consisted of direct method by total feces collection (TC) and indirect method either by the use of NDFi or ADF by the use of LR or HF as inocula source. The first essay was done with horses fed coast-cross hay exclusively, while for the essay two, the horses were fed of 70% of coast-cross hay and 30% corn grain. For the essay 1, ADFi-HF presented the best marker recuperation rate (RR) (103.67%), being similar to control (TC), while NDFi-RF and ADFi-RF resulted in lower RR (P<0.05), 83.43 and 88.28%, respectively. The ND was adequately estimated by NDFi-HF and ADFi-HF. On the second essay there were no significant effects of the marker type, as well as for the indigestible marker acquirement method, for the marker RR (average value of 101%). The ND was adequately predicted by the ADFi obtained for both innocula source and NDFi obtained by the use of HF as inoculum, for horses fed a mixed diet. It can be concluded that horse feces may be used as inoculum source for the acquirement of NDFi and ADFi in vitro for digestibility determination on horses fed coastcross hay exclusively, as well as for horses fed a mixed diet.

Effect of different pulse treatments on vase life of inflorescences of oncidium varicosum 'Samurai'

Oncidium varicosum is a species of orchid that is prevalent in South America. This species produces yellow flowers, which are commonly named golden shower, ballet dancer and Anita's flower. The study of the post-harvest physiology of flowers involves examination of factors related to quality loss of cut flowers, which is related not only to several physiological processes but also to interactions between the floral components and qualitative factors. In this context, our research involved the study of physiological aspects of the post-harvest physiology of cut inflorescences of Oncidium varicosum ('Samurai') after treatment with pulsing solutions containing silver salts, 8-HQC and sucrose. A reduction of relative water content of Oncidium flowers treated with pulsing STS (2 mM) was observed. The soluble carbohydrates and reducing sugars content decreased, and higher contents were measured in flowers treated with STS (2 mM). All parameters related to flower coloration were reduced in all treatments. Similar results were obtained for carotenoid content, except for the STS treatment (2 mM), which differed significantly from the other treatments on the 8th and 12th days of vase life. The inflorescences' longevity varied from 12 days (distilled water) to 15 days (STS 2 mM).

Determinação bromatológica de pleurotus ostreatus cultivado em resíduos de diferentes cultivares de bananeira

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fontes energéticas associadas ao farelo de girassol ou à ureia em dietas para novilhos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass traits of steers fed corn or citrus pulp associated with sunflower meal or urea. Diets were composed of two energy sources (corn grain and citrus pulp) associated with two protein sources (soybean meal and urea), resulting in four treatments in forage:concentrate ratio of 40:60. It were used 24 steers, 1/2 Angus × 1/2 Nellore (18 months old and 329 kg BW) distributed in a completely randomized design which were finished in feedlot for 80 days. It were evaluated the intake, average daily gain and carcass traits of the animals. Intake of dry matter (DMI), crude protein (CPI) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFI) were affected (p<0.05) by diets. The diet with citrus pulp and urea (PU) showed the lowest (p<0.05) DMI (8.30 kg), CPI (1.03 kg) and NDFI (3.31 kg). The average daily weight gain (ADG) followed the behavior of DMI, NDFI and CPI and the lowest value (p<0.05) was observed for animals fed diet PU. Regarding carcass traits, diets containing corn associated with urea (MU) or sunflower meal (MFG) and citrus pulp associated with sunflower meal (PFG), provided the highest (p<0.05) carcass cold weights (238.37, 247.26 and 237.14 kg, respectively). However, the lowest cold carcass dressing percentage (p<0.05) was obtained in diet MU (50.57%). The association of citrus pulp with urea should not be performed when citrus pulp partially or totally replace corn as energy source in diets, because possibly this association promote an energy deficit resulting in lower performance and worse carcass traits of animals finished in feedlot.

Substituição dos grãos secos de milho pela silagem de grãos úmidos de milho para vacas da raça holandesa em lactação

In order to evaluate the effects of replacement of dried corn (GSM) for silage moisture corn (HMCS) on production and milk composition were used five Holstein cows, primiparous with a mean of 112 days post delivery, confined in Tie Stall, for 70 days. We used five diets according to NRC to 17.5% CP (DM) and 2.4 Mcal / kg DM, the 40:60 ratio of roughage and concentrate containing soybean meal, sugar cane silage and hay and substitution levels of the GSM HMCS the following treatments: a) 0%, 2) 25%, 3) 50%, 4) 75% and 5) 100%. Milk production and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily. The animals were milked daily 6:00 and 18:00 h, and milk samples collected from consecutive milkings of each experimental period of 14 days (four days of collection). The experimental design was a 5x5 Latin square and the data analyzed by the statistical program SAS. Body weight (508 kg), milk (23.6 kg), corrected milk (22.7 kg), DMI (17.13 kg) showed no significant difference, but the intakes of neutral detergent fiber (6.67 kg), and detergent acid (3.39 kg), feed efficiency for the production of milk (milk 1.41 kg / day) urea nitrogen (17.67 mg / dL) differ, thus indicating that HMCS is more efficient than GSM in the diet of dairy cows not alter the production and milk composition.

Nitrogênio e idade de corte na qualidade da biomassa de capimelefante para fins agroenergéticos cultivado em Latossolo

Nowadays one of the major challenge for research is the production of alternative agrifuels energy material derived from plant biomass. Allied to this, the proper management of nitrogen, becomes fundamental for productivity gains and improvement in quality of elephant grass biomass. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and plant age effect on the quality of elephant grass biomass for energy purposes. The experiment was performed with genotype Paraíso, grown in a dystrophic Oxisol in the southern state of Tocantins. The design was randomized blocks with subdivided plots, situating plots as nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and the subplots cutting age (120, 150 and 180 days after planting ) four replicates. We evaluated the relationship carbon/nitrogen (C:N) and leaf/stem (L:S), levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ash contents in dry biomass produced. The application of nitrogen increased by 12% to C:N ratio of the plant. The advanced age of cut forage was increased 9% in the C:N plant, however, decreased by 12 and 14% levels of ash produced in the stem and leaves, respectively. The production of elephant grass for agrifuels is feasible with management system proposed, quality characteristics desirable, such as high C:N ratio, above 40% and higt fiber content, above 50%.

Déficit hídrico na eficiência de herbicidas e nas características bioquímicas de Euphorbia heterophylla

The objective of this work was to evaluate conditions the effectiveness of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitors in the Bidens pilosa control under two water deficit conditions, as well as to determine the action under the content of soluble carbohydrates and protein and free amino acids of weed. The experimental design was randomized completely design, with four replications, with the treatments setup in a factorial scheme 4x2, with four herbicides (fomesafen lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl and imazethapyr), and two soil water conditions (-0.5 MPa and -0.01MPa). At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA), was assessed visually control efficiency of herbicides. For the determination of organic solutes plants were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after application (HAA), except for the amino acids were analyzed 48, 72 e 96 HAA. Herbicides fomesafen and lactofen were efficient to control E. heterophylla, while the ALS inhibitors (chlorimuron-ethyl e imazethapyr) provided an unsatisfactory control. Water deficit altered the efficiency of herbicides, mainly chlorimuronethyl. Lactofen provided a smaller content of soluble carbohydrates, in the same way, the protein ranged in the 72 HAA, the lower value observed for imazethapyr e lactofen respectively. Herbicide lactofen increased the concentration of free amino acids, while the imposition of water deficit caused an increase in soluble carbohydrate content.

Consumo e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes quantidades de farelo de linhaça

The aim of this research was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients in sheep fed with diets containing different amounts of linseed meal. The treatments evaluated were: corn silage exclusive (control); corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate + 5% of linseed meal; corn silage + concentrate + 10% of linseed meal. The dry matter (DM) intake has increased in diets containing concentrated if compared to diet exclusively with corn silage (P<0.05), however, there was no effect of the inclusion of linseed meal in diets (0; 5 and 10%). As it was expected, the diets containing 5 and 10% of linseed meal resulted in an increase of ether extract (EE) intake. A higher apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the animals fed with diets containing the concentrate was observed, independently of linseed meal proportion. According to the experimental conditions under which the experiment was developed, itis recommended to provide the diets containing until 5% of linseed meal, because there is no negative effect on dry matter and nutrients intake, as well as on apparent digestibility.

Development of equations to estimate microbial contamination in ruminal incubation residues of forage produced under tropical conditions using 15N as a label1

The objective of this study was to use 15N to label microbial cells to allow development of equations for estimating the microbial contamination in ruminal in situ incubation residues of forage produced under tropical conditions. A total of 24 tropical forages were ruminal incubated in 3 steers at 3 separate times. To determine microbial contamination of the incubated residues, ruminal bacteria were labeled with 15N by continuous intraruminal infusion 60 h before the first incubation and continued until the last day of incubation. Ruminal digesta was collected for the isolation of bacteria before the first infusion of 15N on adaptation period and after the infusion of 15N on collection period. To determine the microbial contamination of CP fractions, restricted models were compared with the full model using the model identity test. A value of the corrected fraction A was estimated from the corresponding noncorrected fraction by this equation: Corrected A fraction (ACPC) = 1.99286 + 0.98256 × A fraction without correction (ACPWC). The corrected fraction B was estimated from the corresponding noncorrected fraction and from CP, NDF, neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), and indigestible NDF (iNDF) using the equation corrected B fraction (BCPC) = -17.2181 - 0.0344 × fraction B without correction (BCPWC) + 0.65433 × CP + 1.03787 × NDF + 2.66010 × NDIP - 0.85979 × iNDF. The corrected degradation rate of B fraction (kd)was estimated using the equation corrected degradation rate of B fraction (kdCPC) = 0.04667 + 0.35139 × degradation rate of B fraction without correction (kdCPWC) + 0.0020 × CP - 0.00055839 × NDF - 0.00336 × NDIP + 0.00075089 × iNDF. This equation was obtained to estimate the contamination using CP of the feeds: %C = 79.21 × (1 - e-0.0555t) × e-0.0874CP. It was concluded that A and B fractions and kd of CP could be highly biased by microbial CP contamination, and therefore these corrected values could be obtained mathematically, replacing the use of microbial markers. The percentage of contamination and the corrected apparent degradability of CP could be obtained from values of CP and time of incubation for each feed, which could reduce cost and labor involved when using 15N. © 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Eficiência de herbicidas inibidores da ALS e PROTOX sob condições de déficit hídrico no comportamento bioquímico de plantas daninhas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Utilização agropecuária do sorgo de guiné e efeitos na cultura da soja e atributos químicos do solo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Metabolismo energético do camarão da amazonia, Macrobrachium amazonicum

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Biofertilização na produção de alfafa e atributos

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Mecanismos de controle de tolerância à dissecação em sementes de Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Pau-Brasil) e Caesalpinia peltophoroides BENTH. (Sibipiruna)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação agronômica e modo de reprodução de híbridos intraespecíficos de Brachiaria decumbens

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)