El significat de les activitats aquàtiques del nadó des d'una perspectiva evolutiva

Aquest article pretén d’aprofundir des d’una perspectiva evolutiva en l’estudi i l’anàlisi de les activitats aquàtiques del nadó. A partir d’aquí, l’article interpreta des de l’òptica filogenètica i ontogenètica de les activitats aquàtiques dels nadons, quin significat tindran aquestes activitats en el seu desenvolupament general. Per assolir els objectius fixats, l’article utilitza un enfocament fenomenològic (Husserl, 1996) que se sustentarà conceptualment en l’abordatge filogenètic del desenvolupament psicomotriu de Fonseca (1998). Partint d’aquesta estructura, s’estudiaran les raons filogenètiques i ontogenètiques que ens poden significar les activitats aquàtiques del nadó per tal que, en última instància, i des de la línia més existencial de la fenomenologia (Sartre, 1999; Merleau-Ponty, 2000), puguem argumentar la significació evolutiva d’aquestes activitats.

Autism in schizophrenia revisited.

The concept of autism is reviewed in its historical evolution. It is suggested that the Bleulerian insistence on the withdrawal component in autism contributed to the decline of its use in adult psychiatry. Phenomenology offers another approach to grasping the nature of autism as a relational (subject-outer world) phenomenon. European phenomenological psychiatry in the field of schizophrenia is introduced and its attempts to reveal the essence of autism are presented. Autism is here considered as a "loss of vital contact with reality" (Minkowski), "inconsistency of natural experience" (Binswanger), or "the global crisis of common sense" (Blankenburg). It is proposed that autism represents dysfunctional perceptual/expressive attunement to the outer world. The usefulness of this concept is briefly examined in relation to the diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Reversible ferromagnetic switching in ZnO:(Co,Mn) powders

We report here on the magnetic properties of ZnO:Mn- and ZnO:Co-doped nanoparticles. We have found that the ferromagnetism of ZnO:Mn can be switched on and off by consecutive low-temperature annealings in O2 and N2, respectively, while the opposite phenomenology was observed for ZnO:Co. These results suggest that different defects (presumably n-type for ZnO:Co and p-type for ZnO:Mn) are required to induce a ferromagnetic coupling in each case. We will argue that ferromagnetism is likely to be restricted to a very thin, nanometric layer at the grain surface. These findings reveal and give insight into the dramatic relevance of surface effects to the occurrence of ferromagnetism in ZnO-doped oxides.

Redondances. Paul Ricoeur et ses sutures théologico-politiques

Paul Ricoeur construit la philosophie comme une hétérotopie, en la soumettant à l'ordre, juridique et théologique, d'un «aveu». En soustrayant la pensée à la compétence première de la philosophie pour l'accorder à l'ordre d'un récit, Ricoeur fait de l'exercice de la philosophie une «empirique de la volonté serve». Ce primat donné à un ordre de médiation, par le biais d'un récit, dépouille ainsi la philosophie de toute tâche inaugurale. Dans ses Valences of the Dialectic, le philosophe américain Jameson est revenu de façon critique sur ce montage, soulignant le paradoxe qui oblige Ricoeur à ôter la pensée du temps des tâches premières de la phénoménologie. Cet article vise à en exposer les conséquences (notamment le basculement vers une herméneutique), pour interroger les effets théologico-politiques de ce vaste projet. --- Paul Ricoeur has built up philosophy as a heterotopy by submitting it to the juridical and theological order of a "confession". By taking away thought as the primus competence of philosophy, and attributing it to narration, Ricoeur transforms philosophy into an "empirics of the serve-will". This priority given to mediation through narration deprives philosophy from any inaugural task. In his Valences of the Dialectic, the American philosopher Jameson has critically questioned this construction, underlining the paradox that forces Ricoeur to take away thought of time from the primus tasks of phenomenology. This paper intends to expose the consequences of such a deal (among others the swing to hermeneutics), and to inquire about the theologico-political effects of such a vast project.

Limits on Anomalous Couplings from Higgs Boson Production at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider

We estimate the attainable limits on the coefficients of dimension-6 operators from the analysis of Higgs boson phenomenology, in the framework of a SUL(2)UY(1) gauge-invariant effective Lagrangian. Our results, based on the data sample already collected by the collaborations at Fermilab Tevatron, show that the coefficients of Higgs-vector boson couplings can be determined with unprecedented accuracy. Assuming that the coefficients of all blind operators are of the same magnitude, we are also able to impose more restrictive bounds on the anomalous vector-boson triple couplings than the present limit from double gauge boson production at the Tevatron collider.

(K)over-bar* mesons in dense matter

We study the properties of (K) over bar* mesons in nuclear matter using a unitary approach in coupled channels within the framework of the local hidden gauge formalism and incorporating the (K) over bar pi decay channel in matter. The in-medium (K) over bar *N interaction accounts for Pauli blocking effects and incorporates the (K) over bar* self-energy in a self-consistent manner. We also obtain the (K) over bar* (off-shell) spectral function and analyze its behavior at finite density and momentum. At a normal nuclear matter density, the (K) over bar* meson feels a moderately attractive potential, while the (K) over bar* width becomes five times larger than in free space. We estimate the transparency ratio of the gamma A -> K+K*(-) A` reaction, which we propose as a feasible scenario at the present facilities to detect changes in the properties of the (K) over bar* meson in nuclear medium.

Proton emission off nuclei induced by kaons in flight

We study the (K-, p) reaction on nuclei with a 1 GeV/c momentum kaon beam, paying special attention to the region of emitted protons having kinetic energy above 600 MeV, which was used to claim a deeply attractive kaon nucleus optical potential. Our model describes the nuclear reaction in the framework of a local density approach and the calculations are performed following two different procedures: one is based on a many-body method using the Lindhard function and the other is based on a Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation method offers flexibility to account for processes other than kaon quasielastic scattering, such as K- absorption by one and two nucleons, producing hyperons, and allows consideration of final-state interactions of the K-, the p, and all other primary and secondary particles on their way out of the nucleus, as well as the weak decay of the produced hyperons into pi N. We find a limited sensitivity of the cross section to the strength of the kaon optical potential. We also show a serious drawback in the experimental setup-the requirement for having, together with the energetic proton, at least one charged particle detected in the decay counter surrounding the target-as we find that the shape of the original cross section is appreciably distorted, to the point of invalidating the claims made in the experimental paper on the strength of the kaon nucleus optical.

Estimating the time since discharge of spent cartridges: a logical approach fro interpreting the evidence

Estimating the time since discharge of a spent cartridge or a firearm can be useful in criminal situa-tions involving firearms. The analysis of volatile gunshot residue remaining after shooting using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography (GC) was proposed to meet this objective. However, current interpretative models suffer from several conceptual drawbacks which render them inadequate to assess the evidential value of a given measurement. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing a logical approach based on the assessment of likelihood ratios. A probabilistic model was thus developed and applied to a hypothetical scenario where alternative hy-potheses about the discharge time of a spent cartridge found on a crime scene were forwarded. In order to estimate the parameters required to implement this solution, a non-linear regression model was proposed and applied to real published data. The proposed approach proved to be a valuable method for interpreting aging-related data.

Long-range-interactions induced ordered structures in deposition processes

We present a new model of sequential adsorption in which the adsorbing particles experience dipolar interactions. We show that in the presence of these long-range interactions, highly ordered structures in the adsorbed layer may be induced at low temperatures. The new phenomenology is manifest through significant variations of the pair correlation function and the jamming limit, with respect to the case of noninteracting particles. Our study could be relevant in understanding the adsorption of magnetic colloidal particles in the presence of a magnetic field.

L'essence relationnelle. Fonctionnement neurobiologique et relations humaines

Dans une perspective phénoménologique, le corps, les fonctions vitales, le mouvement déterminent un échange constant entre le sujet et le monde, entre soi et l'autre. La neurobiologie, de son côté, s'intéresse aux transformations biologiques liées à ces expériences, mais sa méthode est fort différente. Les auteurs proposent une réflexion sur la manière dont les découvertes de la neurobiologie interviennent pour mieux "comprendre" la dimension de la rencontre. La relation intersubjective est façonnée non seulement par les structures du fonctionnement mental, par le vécu du sujet, mais encore par la "danse" des postures et le mouvement des corps ; elle est enfin portée par le milieu culturel et social, par la nature de l'environnement. La construction des liens entre le patient et le thérapeute permet à chacun d'eux de cheminer vers un accomplissement de sa propre existence. In a phenomenological perspective, the body, the vital functions, the movements determine a constant exchange between the subject and the world, between self and the others. The neurobiology on its part, is interested in the biological transformations connected to these experiences but its method is quite different. The authors suggest to consider how the neurobiological discoveries help to get a better understanding of the dimension of the encounter. The intersubjective relationship is not only shaped by the structures of the mental functioning, by the subject's experiences, but also by the « dance » of the postures and movements of the body; it is nonetheless influenced by the cultural and social environment, as well as by the type of environment. The build-up of relationships between the therapist and the patient allows both of them to find a way to fulfillment of their own existence.

Sobre "fenomenología" y "hermenéutica". Aproximación a los conceptos de empatía y comprensión.

El trabajo parte de una consideración de la hermenéutica como filosofía que cuestiona el sentido de la experiencia en la configuración del mundo histórico-social e intenta mostrar conexiones entre el desarrollo de esta corriente y posibles aportaciones de la Fenomenología.El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la presencia de algunos motivos fenomenológicos en las actuales propuestas de superación del planteamiento hermenéutico elaborado por Gadamer y de raíz heideggeriana, atendiendo a algunos de los debates a los que ha dado lugar y destacando el interés del tema de la empatía en relación con el de la comprensión. Estas nociones indicarán formas específicas de abordar el problema de la experiencia en el contexto intersubjetivo del mundo social.

Auditory verbal hallucinations of epileptic origin.

Complex auditory hallucinations are often characterized by hearing voices and are then called auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). While AVHs have been extensively investigated in psychiatric patients suffering from schizophrenia, reports from neurological patients are rare and, in most cases, incomplete. Here, we characterize AVHs in 9 patients suffering from pharmacoresistant epilepsy by analyzing the phenomenology of AVHs and patients' neuropsychological and lesion profiles. From a cohort of 352 consecutively examined patients with epilepsy, 9 patients suffering AVHs were identified and studied by means of a semistructured interview, neuropsychological tests, and multimodal imaging, relying on a combination of functional and structural neuroimaging data and surface and intracranial EEG. We found that AVHs in patients with epilepsy were associated with prevalent language deficits and damage to posterior language areas and basal language areas in the left temporal cortex. Auditory verbal hallucinations, most of the times, consisted in hearing a single voice of the same gender and language as the patient and had specific spatial features, being, most of the times, perceived in the external space, contralateral to the lesion. We argue that the consistent location of AVHs in the contralesional external space, the prominence of associated language deficits, and the prevalence of lesions to the posterior temporal language areas characterize AVHs of neurological origin, distinguishing them from those of psychiatric origin.

Generation of dynamic structures in nonequilibrium reactive membranes

We present a nonequlibrium approach for the study of a flexible bilayer whose two components induce distinct curvatures. In turn, the two components are interconverted by an externally promoted reaction. Phase separation of the two species in the surface results in the growth of domains characterized by different local composition and curvature modulations. This domain growth is limited by the effective mixing due to the interconversion reaction, leading to a finite characteristic domain size. In addition to these effects, first introduced in our earlier work [ Phys. Rev. E 71 051906 (2005)], the important new feature is the assumption that the reactive process actively affects the local curvature of the bilayer. Specifically, we suggest that a force energetically activated by external sources causes a modification of the shape of the membrane at the reaction site. Our results show the appearance of a rich and robust dynamical phenomenology that includes the generation of traveling and/or oscillatory patterns. Linear stability analysis, amplitude equations, and numerical simulations of the model kinetic equations confirm the occurrence of these spatiotemporal behaviors in nonequilibrium reactive bilayers.

Ymmärrysten ymmärrystä : Maurice Merleau-Pontyn fenomenologisesta kielikäsityksestä

Summary: Phenomenology and linguistics

Knowledge management: uncovering risky gaps underlying the criticisms and moving to another perspective

The comments related to the sustainability of knowledge management (KM) have shown signs that it possibly can be a discourse which determines a quick style, but otherwise have also allowed the building of a better understanding about the limits and weaknesses of the knowlege management. In addition to the criticisms, the conceptual bases of knowledge management have been undermined by a contradictory combination of paradigms; there are also contradictions between the theoretical perspective jubjacent to the knwoledge management and its operationality. As a way of minimizing the possibility that the knowledge management may be turned into an umbrella concept and fail, it is suggested that its approaches embody a more interpretative perspective, taking up the role of an instrument which enables and facilitates the processes and practices in building up knowledge and information, enhancing their focus on the support to the establishment of human competences in order to deal intelligently with the present overcharge of information resources and need for building up information in the organizations.