Conseiller les mères sur l’éducation de leurs enfants pendant l’entre-deux-guerres : les chroniques d’Odette Oligny

Cette étude porte sur les chroniques d’Odette Oligny sur l’éducation des enfants publiées dans Le Canada de 1931 à 1936. Cette journaliste écrit à une époque durant laquelle l’éducation est influencée par la montée des experts, qui comme Oligny, conseillent les mères sur les comportements et les pratiques à adopter pour former les futurs citoyens. Dans le premier chapitre de ce mémoire, nous traitons des responsabilités, selon la journaliste, qu’ont les mères envers leurs enfants. La charge de les éduquer revient exclusivement aux femmes et elles sont sévèrement critiquées par les experts lorsqu’elles ne peuvent ou ne veulent pas se conformer à leurs normes. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la discipline familiale qui doit être mises en oeuvre par les mères. De l’avis d’Oligny, certaines d’entre elles utilisent de façon excessive les punitions corporelles alors que d’autres sont trop indulgentes avec leur progéniture. Enfin, le troisième chapitre de ce mémoire se consacre au discours sur l’éducation des filles et des garçons. Les mères ont le devoir de développer des qualités chez leurs enfants qui leur permettront de remplir leurs futurs rôles de citoyens. À travers l’analyse des chroniques d’Oligny, nous montrerons qu’elle agit, en vulgarisant les connaissances, comme un pont entre les experts et la population qui n’a pas nécessairement accès aux travaux de ces derniers.

(MIS)PERCEIVED DRINKING NORMS AND HAZARDOUS DRINKING BEHAVIOURS IN UNIVERSITY FIRST-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AND THE EFFECTS OF GENDER

Purpose: Across Canada, undergraduate university students are one of the highest alcohol-consuming populations. Many students engage in hazardous drinking and are at risk for negative health and social consequences. Social Norms Theory suggests that students’ overestimation of drinking norms can result in an increase in their drinking behaviour. As of yet, none of the literature addresses the possible link between drinking norm (mis)perception and hazardous drinking in a Canadian undergraduate context. This is the first Canadian study to examine this potential association in first-year undergraduate students across multiple universities using gender as an effect modifier. Methods: Using data collected by the Caring Campus Project, for 2347 first-year students from three Canadian universities, I evaluated the prevalence of drinking norm misperceptions by site and gender. Using multiple-logistic regression models, I analyzed the relationship between misperceived drinking norms and hazardous drinking behaviours (assessed via AUDIT-C). Results: The proportion of students who overestimated drinking and binge drinking frequency norms varied by site and gender. There was a positive relationship between overestimated drinking/ binge drinking frequency norms and hazardous drinking, modified by gender. Controlling for living arrangement and site, the odds of female students being hazardous drinkers increased by a factor of 2.27 (CI: 1.73-2.99) when the drinking frequency norm was overestimated. A non-significant association was found for male students. Among female students, when living arrangement and site were controlled, the odds of being a hazardous drinker were 1.83 (0.84-3.95) and 2.69 (1.24-5.83) times greater when the drinking frequency norm was perceived at “2-4 times per month” and “2 or more times per week”, respectively. Among male students, when living arrangement, previous residence and site were controlled, the odds of being a hazardous drinker were 4.03 (2.62-6.19) and 8.54 (5.41-13.49) times greater when the binge drinking frequency norm was perceived at “2-4 times per month” and “2 or more times per week”, respectively. Conclusion: This novel study enhances the understanding of the association between (mis)perceived drinking norms and drinking behaviours in Canadian undergraduate students. The demonstrated importance of gender and site provides a strong impetus for Canadian universities to develop targeted alcohol reduction interventions.

'I am not an Honourable Lady': gender and language in the National Assembly for Wales

Women have been historically underrepresented in political institutions and it has been claimed that it is difficult for women to succeed in the masculinist cultures that exist in political contexts. The ‘new’ devolved institutions of the UK offer opportunities to investigate gender inequality in political contexts which have a greater proportion of women members; that have included women from their inception; and that have been designed with egalitarian issues to the fore. Here, ethnographic and discourse analytic data is used to assess a senior woman’s performance in the National Assembly for Wales; to explore politicians’ appraisal of this performance; and to analyse the breakdown of the debate floor in terms of ‘rule-breaking’ activities such as barracking. In this Community of Practice the individual’s performance draws upon communicative styles that are both stereotypically masculine (adversarial) and feminine (consensual), which can be viewed as an indication of the speaker’s competence. However, this is undermined by the speaker’s failure to adopt the correct linguistic practices for this CoP which leads to the breakdown of the formal debate discourse. Assembly Members appraise this failure negatively while also drawing upon stereotypical notions of gendered communicative norms and wider discourses of gender differentiation.

Kvinnor i ledande positioner; en marginaliserad grupp : En studie om vägen till ett jämställt arbetsliv

Uppsatsen behandlar kvinnor i ledande positioner där de är en marginaliserad grupp. Studien omfattar organisationer inom idrott, bygg, skogsindustrin och IT. Syftet är att undersöka om det ges olika förutsättningar för kvinnor i ledande positioner i organisationer inom näringslivet och idrotten där kvinnor är en marginaliserad grupp. Studien bygger på fem kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor på ledande positioner. Resultatet visar att kvinnorna bryter ett mönster som dominerat olika branscher under en längre tid. De speglar inte stereotypen kvinnligt utan visar egenskaper som förknippas med bra ledarskap, vilket indikerar på att en ledare får med sig hela gruppen och arbetar mot gemensamma mål. Fördelen med att vara kvinnlig ledare, speciellt där gruppen kvinnor är liten, är att hon syns mer och kan på så sätt göra sin röst hörd. Genom att kvinnorna i undersökningen har blivit erbjudna sin ledarposition visar det att organisationer verkar för jämställdhet. Trots arbetet mot jämställt arbetsliv visar studien att kvinnorna stöter på hinder som går att förknippa med de normer som finns kring kvinnor och män och ledarskap.

Motivating residents to combat invasive species on private lands: social norms and community reciprocity

Invasive species (IS) threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. To achieve landscape-scale reductions in IS and the associated gains for biodiversity, IS control efforts must be expanded across private lands. Enhancing IS control across private lands requires an understanding of the factors that motivate residents to engage or prohibit residents from engaging in efforts to control IS. Drawing from the collective interest model and literature, we sought to understand how a wide range of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and contextual factors might influence resident action around combating the invasive tree albizia (Falcataria moluccana), in the Puna District of Hawaiʻi. To do so, we used a cross-sectional survey of 243 residents and elastic net regression techniques. We found that residents’ actions related to IS control were related to their perceptions of social norms and community reciprocity regarding albizia control, as well as their knowledge of effective control strategies and their risk perceptions regarding albizia. These findings suggest that, although common intervention approaches that focus on providing education or subsidies are important, they may be more effective at reducing the spread of IS if coupled with approaches that build community reciprocity and norms.

Conseiller les mères sur l’éducation de leurs enfants pendant l’entre-deux-guerres : les chroniques d’Odette Oligny

Cette étude porte sur les chroniques d’Odette Oligny sur l’éducation des enfants publiées dans Le Canada de 1931 à 1936. Cette journaliste écrit à une époque durant laquelle l’éducation est influencée par la montée des experts, qui comme Oligny, conseillent les mères sur les comportements et les pratiques à adopter pour former les futurs citoyens. Dans le premier chapitre de ce mémoire, nous traitons des responsabilités, selon la journaliste, qu’ont les mères envers leurs enfants. La charge de les éduquer revient exclusivement aux femmes et elles sont sévèrement critiquées par les experts lorsqu’elles ne peuvent ou ne veulent pas se conformer à leurs normes. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la discipline familiale qui doit être mises en oeuvre par les mères. De l’avis d’Oligny, certaines d’entre elles utilisent de façon excessive les punitions corporelles alors que d’autres sont trop indulgentes avec leur progéniture. Enfin, le troisième chapitre de ce mémoire se consacre au discours sur l’éducation des filles et des garçons. Les mères ont le devoir de développer des qualités chez leurs enfants qui leur permettront de remplir leurs futurs rôles de citoyens. À travers l’analyse des chroniques d’Oligny, nous montrerons qu’elle agit, en vulgarisant les connaissances, comme un pont entre les experts et la population qui n’a pas nécessairement accès aux travaux de ces derniers.

Poética da transgressão o imaginário da circulação em Estamira e Taxidermia

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2016.

Poética da transgressão o imaginário da circulação em Estamira e Taxidermia

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2016.

Poética da transgressão o imaginário da circulação em Estamira e Taxidermia

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2016.

Behavioral Norms in Virtual Organizations

Part 2: Behaviour and Coordination