Pesca de pequena escala em Moçambique: possibilidades de desenvolvimento

The small-scale fishery is a traditional activity and enrolled in social and cultural practices of the coastal communities and some places of the inland waters of Mozambique. Scope for development, major constraints in the small-scale fisheries and best practices are examined.

Pesca de atum no indico: seu desenvolvimento recente e consequências para os Países da Subregião Sul Ocidental

In this study the author provided a synthesis of the most relevant aspects of fisheries in Mozambique and Indo-Pacific Region, discussed at the “Seminario sobre avaliaçāo de mananciais de atum na regiāo indo-pacifiqa-jacarta” held in Jakarta from 20 to 22 August 1984. Tens of documents belonging to the Department of Documentation and Information of the Fisheries Research Institute of Maputo and containing valuable information on the tuna fishing in Indo-Pacífic Region were studied in preparation of this seminar.

O desenvolvimento pesqueiro mundial, a variabilidade dos recursos e a gestão

FAO regularly releases studies on the state of fish resources exploitation (The state of world fisheries and aquaculture)and the development of fisheries by geographic areas. The 1983 and 1985 editions provided interesting discussions on fisheries development trends in the world: the majority of sea-facing countries adopted legislation that extends the national jurisdiction on the waters off their coasts (usually indicated within 200 miles) and establishes exclusive economic zones (EEZs). The huge fluctuations in the abundance of some fish stocks are obstacles to fisheries development. This issue, as well as the need to improve research activities and management of fish stocks is also analyzed in this work. The author highlighted the situation of fisheries in the Western Indian Ocean, with particular attention to tuna fisheries and to inland water resources of Mozambique.

Os problemas encontrados no desenvolvimento e planeamento das pescas em Moçambique

The author outlines the role of fisheries in the national economy of Mozambique and describes the way in which the objectives of fishery development reflect the aims of development in the economy. The history of the country is described and the steps to increase the fishery sector are detailed with a presentation of problems encountered.

HSPC117 deficiency in cloned embryos causes placental abnormality and fetal death

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been successfully used in many species to produce live cloned offspring, albeit with low efficiency. The low frequency of successful development has usually been ascribed to incomplete or inappropriate reprogramming of the transferred nuclear genome. Elucidating the genetic differences between normal fertilized and cloned embryos is key to understand the low efficiency of SCNT. Here, we show that expression of HSPC117, which encodes a hypothetical protein of unknown function, was absent or very low in cloned mouse blastocysts. To investigate the role of HSPC117 in embryo development, we knocked-down this gene in normal fertilized embryos using RNA interference. We assessed the post-implantation survival of HSPC117 knock-down embryos at 3 stages: E9 (prior to placenta formation); E12 (after the placenta was fully functional) and E19 (post-natal). Our results show that, although siRNA-treated in vivo fertilized/produced (IVP) embryos could develop to the blastocyst stage and implanted without any difference from control embryos, the knock-down embryos showed substantial fetal death, accompanied by placental blood clotting, at E12. Furthermore, comparison of HSPC117 expression in placentas of nuclear transfer (NT), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and IVP embryos confirmed that HSPC117 deficiency correlates well with failures in embryo development: all NT embryos with a fetus, as well as IVP and ICSI embryos, had normal placental HSPC117 expression while those NT embryos showing reduced or no expression of HSPC117 failed to form a fetus. In conclusion, we show that HSPC117 is an important gene for post-implantation development of embryos, and that HSPC117 deficiency leads to fetal abnormalities after implantation, especially following placental formation. We suggest that defects in HSPC117 expression may be an important contributing factor to loss of cloned NT embryos in vivo. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Localization and distribution of tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators and their inhibitors type 1 and 2 in human and rhesus monkey fetal membranes

Fetal membranes consist of 10 distinct layers including components of amnion, chorion and decidua, the latter being of maternal origin. They form mechanically integrated sheets capable of retaining amniotic fluid and play an essential role in protecting fetal growth and development in the pregnant uterus. The extracellular matrix, substrate for plasminogen activators (PAs), is an important supportive framework of the fetal membranes. :Fetal membranes from women with preterm premature rupture of membranes may differ in their protease activity compared with normal membranes. To identify the presence of PAs and their inhibitors (PAI) and their possible role in the process of fetal membrane rupture, this study in investigated the distribution and localization of both protein and mRNA for tissue (t) and urokinase (u) PA and their inhibitors type 1 (PAI-1) and type 2 (PAI-2) in amniochorion of human and rhesus monkey using conventional and. confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. In situ hybridization analysis showed that the distribution and localization of mRNAs for tPA, uPA, PAI-I and PAI-2 were similar in the fetal membranes of human and rhesus monkey; no obvious species difference was observed. Evidence of tPA mRNA was detected in amniotic epithelium, trophoblast cells and nearly all cells of the decidual layer. Strong expression of uPA mRNA was noted in the decidual cells which increased in intensity as the abscission point was approached. Weak staining in chorion laeve trophoblast was also detected. In situ hybridization experiments showed PAI-1 mRNA to be concentrated mainly in the decidual cells, some of which were interposed into the maternal-facing edge of the chorion laeve. Maximal labelling of the decidua occurred towards the zone of abscission. Weak expression of PAI-1 mRNA nas also noted in some cells of the chorion laeve. The distribution of PAI-2 mRNA in amniochorion was also concentrated in the cells of the decidual layer, maximum expression of the mRNA was in the level of abscission. No detectable amount of mRNAs for tPA, uPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 was found in the fibroblast, reticular and spongy layers. Distribution of the proteins of tPA, uPA and PAI-1 in the fetal membranes of these two species was consistent with the distribution of their mRNA. Anti-PAI-2 immunofluorescence was found to be strongly concentrated in the amniotic epithelium, but PAI-2 mRNA was negative in this layer, suggesting that the epithelium-associated PAI-2 is not of epithelial origin. These findings suggest that a local fibrinolysis in fetal membranes generated by precisely balanced expression of PAs and their inhibitors via paracrine or autocrine mechanisms may play an essential role in fetal membrane development, maturation and in membrane rupture. Following an analysis of the distribution and synthesis of activators and inhibitors it was found that they may play a role in abscission during the third stage of labour. (C) 1998 W. B. Saunders Company Ltd.

Alternative splicing of the FMR1 gene in human tissues of fetal and adult

To study the time- and tissue-specificity of alternative splicing of the FMR1 gene, we analyzed the alternative splicing pattern of the FMR1 gene in human tissues from adult and fetus using RT-PCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis. Seven alternative splicing variants of FMR1 were found in adult liver and lung. The major three alternative splicing variants of the FMR1 gene in all analyzed fetal tissues were same, though the number of minor isoforms and the relative abundance of major isoforms were different. The major difference of the alternative splicing pat tem between adult and fetus was in exon 12 and 17. The results suggest that the alternative splicing pattern of the FMR1 gene is non-tissue-specific in the same developmental stage and a developmental switch may be present.

SISTEMAS silvipastoris como alternativas de desenvolvimento sustentável para regiões suscetíveis à degradação ambiental no sudoeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

2002

Desenvolvimento de embalagem plastica para transporte e comercializacao de tomate.

Atualmente, no Brasil, a embalagem mais usada para tomate continua sendo a caixa de madeira que era usada para transportar querosene na Segunda Guerra Mundial, há meio século, conhecida por caixa ´K´. Os aspectos desejáveis da caixa 'K' incluem o fato de ser retornável e resistente. Os aspectos indesejáveis incluem o fato de possuir superfície áspera; alojar patógenos, funcionando como fonte de inóculo; aberturas laterais cortantes; profundidade excessiva, que comporta grande número de camadas de produtos; ser tampada. Essas características favorecem às injúrias mecânicas e comprometem a durabilidade e qualidade das hortaliças. Sabendo-se que as necessidades de proteção dos produtos vegetais são diferentes, torna-se necessário que as embalagens para protegê-los sejam específicas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma embalagem apropriada para tomate. O protótipo foi testado em relação à caixa 'K' e caixa de plástico já existente no mercado. Logo após a colheita os mesmos tratamentos foram deixados no sol ou na sombra, durante duas horas, para observar se influenciariam os frutos. As características avaliadas foram: variação de matéria fresca, aferida através de balança; vida útil, pelo período em que o vegetal esteve em perfeitas condições de ser comercializado; cor, pela escala com quatro classes para pimentão; variação da firmeza, medida por "push-pull"; teor relativo de água; deterioração, pelo número e peso de frutos deteriorados. Devido à grande influência dos danos mecânicos sobre as perdas pós-colheita, provavelmente este seja o fator mais importante na avaliação do protótipo. Houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, sendo que o protótipo apresentou as menores porcentagens de danos mecânicos, o que é desejável. Também houve diferença estatística para deterioração. Nas demais características, o protótipo não diferiu estatisticamente dos outros tratamentos.

Desenvolvimento de embalagem plastica para transporte e comercializacao de pimentao.

2000

Desenvolvimento de biopesticida a base de Beauveria bassiana para controle de Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2009