Demographic of short gut syndrome: Increasing demand is not followed by referral of potential candidates for small bowel transplantation

Background. Despite improvements in small bowel transplantation (SBTx), early referral of patients with irreversible intestinal failure (IF) remains a major obstacle. In this study we evaluated the demand for SBTx among seven surgical pediatric centers located at least 200 km from our center.Methods. From 1997 to 2001, 640 patients have been treated for neonatal diseases, including 248 who underwent a minor or major intestinal resection. Twenty-four patients with major resections presented with short gut syndrome, requiring total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The greatest demand was in postsurgical neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis, gastroschiesis, onphalocoeles, or midgut volvulus, and in three adults with postradiotherapy arteritis (n = 2) and mesenteric vein thromboses (n = 1). The median length of residual bowel after resection was 20 to 30 cm, without an ileocecal valve. Four patients were referred for SBTx evaluation; three died while awaiting a donor; 20 were not referred, among whom 14 died of TPN complications.Results. Approximately 62 children per year require nutritional support for IF, most of whom develop complications related to TPN. Because many patients who are TPN-dependent develop complications, we believe that early referral would reduce mortality.Conclusions. Greater medical awareness about the feasibility of SBTx procedures and earlier referral may improve results and quality of life after transplant.

Semantic categories in the indigenous languages of Brazil

This article investigates which semantic categories, as defined in Functional Discourse Grammar, formally manifest themselves in a sample of native languages of Brazil, and the extent to which the distribution of these manifestations across categories can be described systematically in terms of implicational hierarchies. The areas subjected to investigation are basic interrogative words, basic demonstrative words, and nominalization strategies.

Foraging activity and demographic patterns of two termite species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) living in urban landscapes in southeastern Brazil

Coptotermes gestroi and Heterotermes tenuis (Isoptera: Rbinotermitidae) are important pests in southeastern Brazil causing serious economic damage. In this study we determined the demographic patterns and foraging activity of these species using mark-release-recapture and the consumption of wooden stakes. Using both the weighted mean and Lincoln index methods, population estimates ranged from ≈ 0.57 to 1.99 million individuals for C. gestroi and from ≈ 0.20 to 1.37 million for H. tenuis. Territory size of the colonies ranged from 172.5 to 5235 m 2 for C. gestroi and from 16 to 40 m 2 for H. tenuis. Our results also indicate that foraging activity was dependent on the minimum temperature; however, the existence of a compensation strategy in the foraging activities may permit foragers to exploit food sources under different environmental conditions.

Digest of selected demographic and social indicators 1960-1994 for CDCC member countries

Includes bibliography

Demographic change and its influence on development in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Demographic trends and social equity: challenges for the health sector

Includes bibliography

Disability in the Caribbean. A study of four countries: a socio-demographic analysis of the disabled

Includes bibliography

Transitional fiscal costs and demographic factors in shifting from unfunded to funded pensions in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Sociodemographic vulnerability in the Caribbean: an examination of the social and demographic impediments to equitable development with participatory citizenship in the Caribbean at the dawn of the twenty-first century

Includes bibliography

Demographic models for projections of social sector demand

Includes bibliography

The demographic situation in Haiti

Includes bibliography

Survey methods, based on periodically repeated interviews, aimed at determining demographic rates

Includes bibliography

The Latin American Demographic Centre (CELADE): a summary evaluation of accomplishments and shortcomings

Incluye Bibliografía

The census sample operations programme (OMUECE) of the Latin American Demographic Centre (CELADE)

Includes bibliography

Economic-demographic model: a case study of Chile and Mexico

Includes bibliography