Associations between Achievement Goal Orientations and Academic Performance Among Students at a UK Pharmacy School

Objective. To ascertain goal orientations of pharmacy students and establish whether associations exist between academic performance, gender, or year of study. Methods. Goal orientations were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Respondents were categorized as high or low performers based on university grades. Associations and statistical significance were ascertained using parametric and nonparametric tests and linear regression, as appropriate. Results. A response rate of 60.7% was obtained. High performers were more likely to be female than male. The highest mean score was for mastery approach; the lowest for work avoidance. The mean score for work avoidance was significantly greater for low performers than for high performers and for males than for females. First-year students were most likely to have top scores in mastery and performance approaches. Conclusion. It is encouraging that the highest mean score was for mastery approach orientation, as goal orientation may play a role in academic performance of pharmacy students.

Successful translation of Academic Research into wider Economic Impact: University of Southampton, Distinguished Lecture

No abstract available

English Language Education at University: Trends and Challenges in Teaching and Learning Academic Discourse in the UK

This chapter discusses English Language Education at university and highlights a number of trends and their associated challenges in teaching and learning academic discourse. Academic discourse refers to the ways in which language is used by participants in academia. It encompasses written discourse, from article and book publishing, PhD theses to course assignments; spoken discourse, from study groups, tutorials, conference presentations to inaugural lectures; and more recently, computer-mediated discourse, from asynchronous text-based conferencing to academic blogs. The role of English language educators in preparing students and academics for successful participation in these academic events, or the academy, in English is not to be underestimated. Academic communication is not only vital to an individual’s success at university, but to the maintenance and creation of academic communities and to scientific progress itself (Hyland, 2009). This chapter presents an overview of academic discourse and discusses recent issues which have an impact on teaching and learning English at university and discusses their associated challenges: first, the increasing internationalisation of universities. Second, the emergence of a mobile academe in its broadest sense, in which students and academics move across traditional geopolitical, institutional and disciplinary boundaries, is discussed. Third, the growth of UK transnational higher education is examined as a trend which sees academics and students vicariously or otherwise involved in English language teaching and learning. Fourth, the chapter delves into the rapid and ongoing development in technology assisted and online learning. While responding to trends can be difficult, they can also inspire ingenuity. Furthermore, such trends and challenges will not emerge in the same manner in different contexts. The discussion in this chapter is illustrated with examples from a UK context but the implications of the trends and challenges are such that they reach beyond borders.

Academic selection and Northern Ireland

An overview of research and public policy debate on academic selection in Northern Ireland. The chapter examines the outcomes of the major investigation of the effects of the selective system of secondary education published in 2000, including a consideration of comparative evidence collected in Scotland. The paper outlines the debate which followed the publication of the Burns Report and presents the current state of play in policy and practice.

Academic and Practitioners perspectives on Organisation Development – a UK study

This paper reports on a research study to identify the nature of the profession of Organisation Development (OD) in the UK and how it has evolved over four decades. The study is designed to compare academic perspectives on OD with what is happening in the professional practice world. Three forms of data were collected for this study, content analysis of job advertisements from a four decade period, a bibliometric search and interviews with subject experts. The findings were analysed through the theory lens of institutional theory, the dissemination of ideas and fads and fashions in management. Emerging insights are that there is a difference between academic and practitioners development of the OD profession in the UK. The reasons for the difference have been explored in the discussion.

The Effect of Seat Location in Lecture Theatres on Academic Performance

The purpose of this research study was to investigate and identify possible patterns relating to academic performance on the effects of university students self-selecting where to sit in a lecture theatre.
The key research questions are:
1. Does seating position affect student performance?
2. Do the most academically able and engaged students regularly sit at the front of lecture theatres?
Academic achievement
Preliminary results suggest significant assessment score differences between those that sit at the front and those that sit further the back. Of those that received a grade of 75%+ (Grade A) 6.67% regularly sat at the back. With the same group 46.67% regularly sat at the front. Of the group that scored less than 50% (Grade D) 0% of students regularly sat at the front. 12.50% regularly sat in the middle zones with 37.50% sitting at the back. It was also observed that the remaining numbers did not consistently sit in the same zone.

Temporal movement
There is little evidence of movement between seating zones of the Grade A group throughout the 24 week period. However there was considerable movement with the Grade D group. Although still under analysis there appears be a pattern of students in this group graduating towards the back seating positions over the course of the programme.

Engagement
The frequency of completed entries on PinPoint was also used as an indicator of engagement. With the Grade A group 75% of them regularly completed an entry whereas in the Grade D group this drops to less than 50%.
Further analysis on the attitudinal factors in relational to seating position and performance are ongoing, but preliminary results suggest that those students that scored highly in attitude tended to sit at the front and middle sections.
It would indeed appear that the more highly engaged and academically capable students voluntarily sit at the front for most lectures. Interestingly as the course progresses those who had lesser engagement and below average midterm results tend to began to sit progressively toward the back. If this is a repeatable pattern then a linear regression analysis of the seating positions and midterm results could help predict students in danger of failing.

Dificuldades de síntese na escrita de alunos do ensino superior politécnico

O presente estudo teve como objectivo analisar o desempenho de alunos de primeiro ano dos cursos de Engenharia e de Ecoturismo da Escola Superior Agrária (ESAC) do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra (IPC) no que respeita à realização de uma síntese da informação escrita a partir de várias fontes. O estudo compreendeu duas partes, constituídas em dois estudos de caso: no primeiro, realizado no ano lectivo de 2003/2004, participaram 123 alunos; no segundo, realizado no ano lectivo de 2006/2007, participaram 60 alunos, constituindo estes a totalidade de alunos de primeiro ano que estudaram a língua nacional sob as orientações do novo “Programa de Língua Portuguesa” vigente no Ensino Secundário a partir de 2003. Em ambos os estudos de caso, procurou-se conhecer o que pensavam os alunos sobre a sua relação com a escrita em contexto escolar e sobre os seus procedimentos e dificuldades relativos à selecção e síntese da informação. Foram analisados os seus procedimentos preliminares à produção de um texto a partir de várias fontes através de eventuais sublinhados, apontamentos e rascunhos e, em seguida, através do trabalho de revisão e qualidade do texto final, que pressupunha o domínio ao nível da explicitação do conhecimento. A análise comparativa a partir dos estudos e os resultados finais revelaram dificuldades de selecção, organização e conexão da informação, bem como dificuldades relativas a uma construção discursiva própria a partir da situação de comunicação proposta, tanto ao nível da superfície do texto quanto ao nível da sua estrutura profunda. Assim, considerando que os participantes no estudo apresentaram dificuldades ao nível da explicitação do conhecimento, considerando a pouca ou nenhuma abordagem do assunto no Ensino Secundário em Portugal, considerando ainda que, em contexto académico, a competência de escrita a partir de várias fontes com vista à explicitação do conhecimento é uma condição básica e necessária para uma escrita de transformação do conhecimento e consequente literacia crítica, torna-se imperativo reflectir sobre o problema para buscar soluções. A inclusão de uma disciplina no primeiro ano do Ensino Superior (cujos conteúdos básicos são aqui sugeridos) - que contemple o ensino explícito da escrita para o desenvolvimento das competências de explicitação e transformação do conhecimento - poderá ser uma interessante solução para promover a melhoria do desempenho escritural dos alunos na difícil transição do Ensino Secundário para o Superior, tornando-os mais auto-confiantes, afastando-os da prática do plágio e contribuindo para o seu sucesso escolar.