Vuorovaikutusasiantuntijuus ja hiljainen tieto luokanopettajan ty��ss��

T��m�� tutkimus perehtyy luokanopettajan vuorovaikutukseen liittyv����n asiantuntijuuteen. Sen tarkoituksena on selvitt����, kuinka t��m�� osa opettajan asiantuntijuutta syntyy, millaista tietoa ja osaamista siihen sis��ltyy ja kuinka t��llaista tietoa liikkuu ty��yhteis��ss��. Tutkimuksen kirjallisuuskatsaus perehtyy opettajan ammatin luonteeseen asiantuntijuutta k��sittelev��n kirjallisuuden, hiljaisen tiedon k��sitteist��n ja tutkimustiedon sek�� ty��yhteis����n liittyvien julkaisujen avulla. Tutkimuksen empiriaosuus toteutettiin laadullisin menetelmin haastattelemalla viitt�� luokanopettajaa. Opettajan vuorovaikutusasiantuntijuuteen liittyy kiinte��sti hiljaista ja toiminnallista tietoa, joka on henkil��kohtaista ja omiin kokemuksiin pohjautuvaa selk��rankatiet��myst��. Tutkimuksen tuloksien mukaan valtaosa t��llaisesta asiantuntijuudesta hankitaan omassa ty��ss�� kokemusten kautta. Opettajat reflektoivat omaa ty��t����n ja sopeuttavat toimintaansa ymp��rist��n mukaan. Hiljainen tieto oli soveltuviksi koettuja toimintamalleja tietynlaisten oppilaiden ja tilanteiden kohdalla. Erityisesti uran alkuvaiheessa korostui samaistumiseen perustuva ammatillinen itsens�� kehitt��minen, jossa painottuu tiedon siirtyminen kokeneemmalta kokemattomammalle. Lis��ksi opettajayhteis��ss�� jaettiin osaamista ja kokemuksia erilaisissa vapaamuotoisissa tilanteissa syntyviss�� k��yt��nt��yhteis��iss��, joissa etsittiin ratkaisuja my��s uudenlaisiin ongelmiin. K��yt��nt��yhteis��ill�� n��yttikin olevan olennainen merkitys opettajan vuorovaikutusasiantuntijuuden kehittymiselle. Aineiston ja kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella tutkimus esitt���� vuorovaikutusasiantuntijuuden kehittymisen syklin, joka on kehitysprosessia ja sen yhteytt�� ymp��rist����n kuvaava toimintamalli. Tutkimuksen mukaan opettajan vuorovaikutusasiantuntijuus on henkil��kohtainen ja koko uran mittainen kehitysprosessi, mutta se saa tukea ty��yhteis��st��. Luonnollisten verkostojen ohella ty��nantaja voi tarjota t��ydennyskoulutusta tai ty��nohjausta opettajan ty��n tueksi.

���Draamalla vai ilman��� ��� Opettajien k��sityksi�� ja kokemuksia draamakasvatuksesta peruskoulussa

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvitt���� draamakasvatusta opiskelleiden ja sit�� ty��ss����n k��ytt��vien opettajien k��sityksi�� draamakasvatuksen sis��ll��ist�� ja tavoitteista sek�� heid��n kokemuksiaan draamallisten menetelmien k��yt��st��. Tutkimus pyrkii my��s selvitt��m����n opettajien k��sityksi�� draamakasvatuksen asemasta ja haasteista koulussa. Tutkimuksen taustalla on draamakasvatuksen oman opetussuunnitelman ja oppiaineen aseman puuttuminen sek�� draaman painottaminen uudessa opetussuunnitelmassa. Tutkimusaineisto koottiin haastattelemalla kuutta draamaa opetuksessaan k��ytt��v���� opettajaa kev����n 2014 ja kev����n 2015 v��lisen�� aikana. Tutkittavat ovat draamakasvatusta opiskelleita yl��- ja alakoulun opettajia. Tutkimus on kvalitatiivinen, ja tutkimusmenetelm��n�� k��ytettiin teemahaastattelua. Opettajat nimesiv��t draamakasvatuksen keskeisiksi sis��ll��iksi ja tavoitteiksi sosiaaliset taidot sek�� itsest�� oppimisen. Draamallisten menetelmien k��yt��ss�� korostuivat draamalle ominaiset ty��tavat sek�� opettajien n��kemys draamakasvatuksesta kokonaisvaltaisena pedagogiikkana. Draaman eduksi opettajat katsoivat erityisen ilmapiirin ja haasteiksi nousi joukko sek�� koulun sis��isi�� ja ulkoisia haasteita ett�� vaatimuksia opettajalle ja oppilaalle. Draamakasvatuksesta muodostuu kokonaisvaltainen tapa kasvattaa ja opettaa tulevaisuuden vaatimia taitoja.

Studies on the Solvent Dependence in the Reaction of a Few (Anthracen-9-yl)MethyLamines and Sulfanes with Reactive Acetylenes

The thesis entitled ���Studies on the Solvent Dependence in the Reaction of a Few (Anthracen-9-yl)methylamines and Sulfanes with Reactive Acetylenes��� is divided into six chapters. ln Chapter l a general survey of electron transfer reactions, Diels-Alder reactions and Michael-type additions is presented. A detailed discussion on the synthesis of several (anthracen-9-yl)methylamines is presented in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, results of preliminary photophysical studies on a few (anthracen-9yl) methylamines are compiled. A detailed discussion on extensive examination of dependence in the reaction of (anthracen-9-yl)methylamines with reactive acetylenes is presented Chapter 4. Details on the synthesis and reaction of a few (anthracen-9-yl)methylsulfanes with DMAD are described in Chapter 5.

(Z)-N,N-Dimethyl-2-[phenyl(pyridin-2- yl)methylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide

The title compound, C15H16N4S, exists in the Z conformation with the thionyl S atom lying cis to the azomethine N atom. The shortening of the N���N distance [1.3697 (17) A �� ] is due to extensive delocalization with the pyridine ring. The hydrazine��� carbothioamide unit is almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.013 (2) A �� for the amide N atom. The stability of this conformation is favoured by the formation of an intramolecular N���H N hydrogen bond. The packing of the molecules involves no classical intermolecular hydrogenbonding interactions; however, a C���H interaction occurs

Two isomeric reaction products: hydrogen-bonded sheets in methyl 4-(5-amino-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-nitrobenzoate and hydrogen-bonded chains of edge-fused rings in methyl 3-nitro-4-[(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino] benzoate

In methyl 4-(5-amino-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-nitrobenzoate, C17H14N4O4, the molecules are linked into complex sheets by a combination of N-H center dot center dot center dot N, N-H center dot center dot center dot O and C - H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds. In the isomeric methyl 3-nitro-4-[(5-phenyl- 1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino] benzoate, molecules exhibit a polarized molecular-electronic structure and are linked into chains of edge-fused rings by a combination of N-H center dot center dot center dot O and C - H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds.

Synthesis, structure, and redox states of homoleptic d-block metal complexes with bis-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl-pyridine and 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl-bipyridine extractants

it has been established that triazinyl bipyridines (hemi-BTPs) and bis-triazinyl pyridines (BTPs), ligands which are currently being investigated as possible ligands for the separation of actinides from lanthanides in nuclear waste, are able to form homoleptic complexes with first row transition metals such as cobalt(IT), copper(II), iron(II), manganese(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II). The metal complexes exhibit six-co-ordinate octahedral structures and redox states largely analogous to those of the related terpyridine complexes. The reactivity of the different redox states of cobalt bis-hemi-BTP complex in aqueous environments has been studied with two-phase electrochemistry by immobilisation of the essentially water-insoluble metal complexes on graphite electrodes and the immersion of this modified electrode in an aqueous electrolyte. It was found that redox potentials for the metal-centred reactions were pH-independent whereas the potentials for the ligand-centred reactions were strongly pH-dependent. The reductive degradation of these complexes has been investigated by computational methods. Solvent extraction experiments have been carried out for a range of metals and these show that cobalt(II) and nickel(II) as well as palladium(II), cadmium(II) and lead(II) were all extracted with the ligands 1e and 2c with higher distribution ratios that was observed for americium(III) under the same conditions. The implications of this result for the use of these ligands to separate actinides from nuclear waste are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

6,6 '-bis-(5,6-diethyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-2,2 '-bipyridyl the first example of a new class of quadridentate hetercyclic extraction reagents for the separation of americium(III) and europium(III)

The synthesis of the first example of a new class of tetradentate reagents for the efficient separation of americium(Ill) and europium(111) is reported together with the structure of the complex formed with europium(III), (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Square planar mononuclear Pd(II) complexes of substituted 2-(pyrazole-1-yl)phenylamines with a helical twist

X-ray crystal structure shows that 3,5-dimethyl-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole (DNP) belongs to the rare class of helically twisted synthetic organic molecules. Hydrogenation of DNP gives 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-yl)phenylamine (L) which on methylation yields [2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-yl)phenyl]dimethylamine (L'). Two Pd(II) complexes, PdLCl2 (1) and PdL'Cl-2 (2), are synthesized and characterized by NMR. X-ray crystallography reveals that 1 and 2 are unprecedented square planar complexes which possess well discernible helical twists. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

trans-[Ru-III(N-N)(2)Cl-2](+) species, where N-N is bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane

Using bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane as an N-N donor ligand, a trans-[Ru-III(N-N)(2)Cl-2](+) core has been isolated from the direct reaction of the ligand with RuCl3 center dot xH(2)O and characterized structurally for the. first time. The core displays a rhombic EPR spectrum and a quasireversible Ru(II/III) couple with an E-1/2 of -0.34 V versus NHE. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Complexes formed between the quadridentate, heterocyclic molecules 6,6 '-bis-(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2 '-bipyridine (BTBP) and lanthanides(III): implications for the partitioning of actinides(III) and lanthanides(III)

New hydrophobic, tetradentate nitrogen heterocyclic reagents, 6.6'-bis-(5,6-dialkyl- 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)2,2'-bipyridines (BTBPs) have been synthesised. These reagents form complexes with lanthanides and crystal structures with 11 different lanthanides have been determined. The majority of the structures show the lanthanide to be 10-coordinate with stoichiometry [Ln(BTBP)(NO3)(3)] although Yb and Lu are 9-coordinate in complexes with stoichiometry [Ln(BTBP)(NO3)(2)(H2O)](NO3). In these complexes the BTBP ligands are tetradentate and planar with donor nitrogens mutually cis i.e. in the cis, cis, cis conformation. Crystal structures of two free molecules, namely C2-BTBP and CyMe4-BTBP have also been determined and show different conformations described as cis, trans, cis and trans, trans, trans respectively. A NMR titration between lanthanum nitrate and C5-BTBP showed that two different complexes are to be found in solution, namely [La(C5-BTBP)(2)](3+) and [La(C5-BTBP)(NO3)(3)]. The BTBPs dissolved in octanol were able to extract Am(III) and Eu(III) from 1 M nitric acid with large separation factors.

An investigation into the extraction of americium(III), lanthanides and D-block metals by 6,6 '-bis-(5,6-dipentyl-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-[2,2 ']bipyridinyl(C-5-BTBP)

The tetradentate ligand (C-5-BTBP) was able to extract americium(III) selectively from nitric acid. In octanol/kerosene the distribution ratios suggest that stripping will be possible. C-5-BTBP has unusual properties and potentially offers a means of separating metals, which otherwise are difficult to separate. For example C-5-BTBP has the potential to separate paliadium(II) from a mixture containing rhodium(III) and ruthenium(H) nitrosyl. In addition, C-5-BTBP has the potential to remove traces of cadmium from effluent or from solutions of other metals contaminated with cadmium. C-5-BTBP has potential as a reagent for the separation of americium(III) from solutions contaminated with iron(III) and nickel(II), hence offering a means of concentrating americium(III) for analytical purposes from nitric acid solutions containing high concentrations of iron(III) or nickel(II).

6,6 '-bis (5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzo[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl) [2,2 ']bipyridine, an effective extracting agent for the separation of americium(III) and curium(III) from the lanthanides

The extraction of americium(III), curium(III), and the lanthanides(III) from nitric acid by 6,6'- bis (5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzo[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)-[2,2'] bipyridine (CyMe4-BTBP) has been studied. Since the extraction kinetics were slow, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dioctyl-2-(2-hexyloxy-ethyl)malonamide (DMDOHEMA) was added as a phase transfer reagent. With a mixture of 0.01 M CyMe4-BTBP + 0.25 M DMDOHEMA in n -octanol, extraction equilibrium was reached within 5 min of mixing. At a nitric acid concentration of 1 M, an americium(III) distribution ratio of approx. 10 was achieved. Americium(III)/lanthanide(III) separation factors between 50 (dysprosium) and 1500 (lanthanum) were obtained. Whereas americium(III) and curium(III) were extracted as disolvates, the stoichiometries of the lanthanide(III) complexes were not identified unambiguously, owing to the presence of DMDOHEMA. In the absence of DMDOHEMA, both americium(III) and europium(III) were extracted as disolvates. Back-extraction with 0.1 M nitric acid was thermodynamically possible but rather slow. Using a buffered glycolate solution of pH=4, an americium(III) distribution ratio of 0.01 was obtained within 5 min of mixing. There was no evidence of degradation of the extractant, for example, the extraction performance of CyMe4-BTBP during hydrolylsis with 1 M nitric acid did not change over a two month contact.