Prevalencia de síntomas musculo-esqueléticos en trabajadores de una institución de educación superior en el departamento de Arauca, Colombia, 2015

Introducción Los desórdenes musculo esqueléticos representan uno de los problemas de salud ocupacional más comunes de trabajadores, lo cual genera ausentismo laboral y aumento en los costos de enfermedades laborales. Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de síntomas osteomusculares y su relación con factores de riesgo ocupacional, en personal docente y administrativo de una institución de educación superior en el Departamento de Arauca para el año 2015. Métodos Estudio analítico de corte transversal en una muestra de 116 trabajadores. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: “La Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo” del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo de España (INSHT) y el “Cuestionario Ergopar”, validados al Español. Se obtuvo previa autorización del Comité de ética de la Universidad del Rosario. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el IBM SPSS Statistics versión 20.0. Resultados: Los síntomas osteomusculares con mayor prevalencia fueron en cuello (86,2%), espalda lumbar (61,2%), manos muñecas (59,5%) y pies (52,6%); no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significantes entre administrativos e instructores. En el lugar de trabajo los factores de riesgo con mayor prevalencia fueron exposición a temperaturas extremas (48,3%), aberturas y huecos desprotegidos, escaleras, plataformas, desniveles (44%) significativamente mayor en instructores (52,6%) que en personal administrativo (27,5%) (p= 0,010). Conclusiones: Los síntomas osteomusculares más prevalentes fueron aquellos propios de la actividad docente: cuello, espalda lumbar, manos muñecas y pies. El personal de la institución en especial los docentes está expuesto a factores de riesgo físico, químico y ergonómico. Las condiciones de trabajo son adecuadas. No se encontró asociación estadística entre exposición a factores de riesgo en el puesto de trabajo y prevalencia de síntomas osteomusculares. Se debe establecer acciones dirigidas a evitar lesiones musculo esqueléticas en la población.

Correlación de las condiciones de iluminación, ángulo visual, agudeza visual y contraste con y síntomas visuales en trabajadores de un call center en Bogotá, Colombia

Objetivo: Establecer la correlación entre condiciones de iluminación, ángulo visual, discriminación de contrastes y agudeza visual en la aparición de síntomas visuales en operarios de computador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal y correlación en muestra de 136 trabajadores administrativos de un “call center” perteneciente a una entidad de salud en la ciudad de Bogotá, utilizando un cuestionario con el que se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas y ocupacionales; aplicando la escala de síntomas visión – computador (CVSS17), realizando evaluación médica y midiendo iluminación y distancia operario pantalla de computador y con los datos recolectados se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado y se estableció la correlación entre las condiciones de iluminación, ángulo visual, discriminación de contrataste y agudeza visual; frente a la aparición de síntomas visuales asociados con el uso del computador. El análisis se llevó a cabo con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión y con el coeficiente de correlación paramétrico de Pearson o no-paramétrico de Spearman, previamente se evaluó la normalidad con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Las pruebas estadísticas se evaluarán a un nivel de significancia del 5% (p<0.05). Resultados: El promedio de edad de los participantes en el estudio fue de 36,3 años con un rango entre los 22 y 57 años y en donde el género predominante fue el femenino con el 79,4%. Se encontraron síntomas visuales asociados al uso de pantalla de computador del 59,6%, siendo los más frecuentes la epifora (70,6%), fotofobia (67,6%) y ardor ocular (54,4%). Se reportó una correlación inversa significativa entre niveles de iluminación y manifestación de fotofobia (p=0.02; r= 0,262). Por otra parte no se encontró correlación significativa entre los síntomas referidos con ángulo de visión y agudeza visual y discriminación de contrastes. Conclusión: Las condiciones laborales de iluminación del grupo de estudio están relacionadas con la manifestación de fotofobia, Se encontró asociación entre síntomas visuales y variables sociodemográficas, específicamente con el género, fotofobia a pantalla, fatiga visual y fotofobia

Gestão da segurança ocupacional nos comboios de Portugal, com enfoque no controlo de riscos do comportamento humano

Durante cinco anos, foi intervencionada e estudada, a sinistralidade laboral numa transportadora ferroviária. O controlo de riscos nela experimentado explorou o potencial preventivo de medidas de controlo do comportamento dos colaboradores, tais como: Formação para promover comportamentos preventivos; Intensificação da prevenção, controlo e recuperação do abuso de álcool e drogas; Informação motivadora para as boas práticas. Consequentemente: inverteu-se rapidamente a tendência crescente da sinistralidade, sem aumentar custos; mantiveram-se, durante um período de continuada redução do efectivo laboral, níveis de sinistralidade laboral inferiores aos verificados no início da pesquisa; demonstrou-se a sustentabilidade financeira do investimento em Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho.

Resultados preliminares de identificação de fatores de risco psicossociais em pessoal não docente

Este estudo visa contribuir para a identificação dos fatores de risco psicossociais em pessoal não docente. O estudo exploratório e descritivo tem como metodologia o tratamento estatístico descritivo e inferencial das respostas a um questionário de identificação de fatores de risco psicossociais, bem como a análise de conteúdo de respostas a entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados preliminares demonstram que o pessoal não docente apresenta a necessidade de esconder emoções e sentimentos e que algumas das situações que afetam psicologicamente se relacionam com as relações com os colegas de trabalho. É referido que «não há espírito de grupo» e que estas relações não são satisfatórias. Com a carga de trabalho do quotidiano laboral, os profissionais têm de interromper o trabalho e executar várias tarefas ao mesmo tempo. / This study aims to contribute to identification of psychosocial risk factors in non-teaching staff. The study is exploratory and descriptive. Its methodology consists in the descriptive and inferential statistics of responses to a questionnaire for identification of psychosocial risk factors, as well as in content analysis of responses to semi-structured interviews. Preliminary results show that non-teaching staff needs to hide emotions and feelings, and also that some situations that affect psychologically relate to relations with co-workers. It is stated that «there is no team spirit» and that these relations are not satisfactory. With the day-to-day workload, these professionals must interrupt work and perform various tasks at the same time.

Estudo das associações significativas e fortes dos acidentes de trabalho com o efetivo laboral e com as horas trabalhadas

O presente artigo teve como base uma aula de mestrado, em laboratório de estatística, para posterior conceção de um artigo científico, em grupo, em 4 horas. Teve como objeto de estudo a variação dos acidentes de trabalho com o efetivo laboral, com as horas trabalhadas, com a duração média da jornada de trabalho. O objetivo científico foi pesquisar correlações entre variáveis. O objetivo didático foi demonstrar os passos do método científico e o objetivo pedagógico foi quebrar preconceitos sobre a dificuldade de produzir trabalho científico. Partindo de uma sumária revisão da literatura, colocaram-se hipóteses de investigação e prosseguiu-se para tratamento estatístico inferencial sobre os dados dos acidentes de trabalho com baixa médica, do efetivo médio laboral, das horas trabalhadas e da duração da jornada média de trabalho, de uma grande empresa, durante 20 anos consecutivos. Os resultados revelaram uma associação direta, estatisticamente significativa e forte, dos acidentes de trabalho às horas trabalhadas e ao efetivo. No caso da associação dos acidentes à duração média da jornada de trabalho, a associação é estatisticamente significativa, mas de intensidade moderada. Este ensaio permitiu também intrapolar e extrapolar, com reservas, os acidentes esperados em função de uma dada carga de trabalho. As competências desenvolvidas neste trabalho revelaram-se úteis para a produção de conhecimento científico, em geral, e para gestão da prevenção dos riscos laborais, em particular. / This article was based on a master class, in statistical laboratory, of 4 hours, for subsequent group production of a scientific paper. The object of study was the variation of occupational accidents with number of employees and with hours worked, as well as with the average duration of the workday. The scientific objective has been researching correlations between variables. The learning objective was to demonstrate the steps of the scientific method, and the educational objective was to break down prejudices about the difficulty of making scientific research. Starting from a brief literature review on the subject, research hypotheses were formulated. Then, it was done inferential statistics of data regarding occupational accidents with sick leave, average number of employees, hours worked per year, and average duration of the workday, of a large enterprise, during 20 years in a row. Results revealed that there is statistically significant and strong direct association between occupational accidents and hours worked, as well as between occupational accidents and number of employees. In the case of the association of accidents to the average duration of the workday, identical data analysis revealed this association is statistically significant, but of moderate intensity. This essay also enabled to interpolate and extrapolate, with proper caution, the accidents expected to occur in a given workload. The skills developed from this research proved to be useful to create scientific knowledge, as well as to manage labour risk prevention.

A systematic review of the routine monitoring of growth in children of primary school age to identify growth-related conditions

Objectives: To clarify the role of growth monitoring in primary school children, including obesity, and to examine issues that might impact on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such programmes. Data sources: Electronic databases were searched up to July 2005. Experts in the field were also consulted. Review methods: Data extraction and quality assessment were performed on studies meeting the review's inclusion criteria. The performance of growth monitoring to detect disorders of stature and obesity was evaluated against National Screening Committee (NSC) criteria. Results: In the 31 studies that were included in the review, there were no controlled trials of the impact of growth monitoring and no studies of the diagnostic accuracy of different methods for growth monitoring. Analysis of the studies that presented a 'diagnostic yield' of growth monitoring suggested that one-off screening might identify between 1: 545 and 1: 1793 new cases of potentially treatable conditions. Economic modelling suggested that growth monitoring is associated with health improvements [ incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of pound 9500] and indicated that monitoring was cost-effective 100% of the time over the given probability distributions for a willingness to pay threshold of pound 30,000 per QALY. Studies of obesity focused on the performance of body mass index against measures of body fat. A number of issues relating to human resources required for growth monitoring were identified, but data on attitudes to growth monitoring were extremely sparse. Preliminary findings from economic modelling suggested that primary prevention may be the most cost-effective approach to obesity management, but the model incorporated a great deal of uncertainty. Conclusions: This review has indicated the potential utility and cost-effectiveness of growth monitoring in terms of increased detection of stature-related disorders. It has also pointed strongly to the need for further research. Growth monitoring does not currently meet all NSC criteria. However, it is questionable whether some of these criteria can be meaningfully applied to growth monitoring given that short stature is not a disease in itself, but is used as a marker for a range of pathologies and as an indicator of general health status. Identification of effective interventions for the treatment of obesity is likely to be considered a prerequisite to any move from monitoring to a screening programme designed to identify individual overweight and obese children. Similarly, further long-term studies of the predictors of obesity-related co-morbidities in adulthood are warranted. A cluster randomised trial comparing growth monitoring strategies with no growth monitoring in the general population would most reliably determine the clinical effectiveness of growth monitoring. Studies of diagnostic accuracy, alongside evidence of effective treatment strategies, could provide an alternative approach. In this context, careful consideration would need to be given to target conditions and intervention thresholds. Diagnostic accuracy studies would require long-term follow-up of both short and normal children to determine sensitivity and specificity of growth monitoring.

Children’s perspectives on their working lives and on public action against child labour in Burkina Faso

The majority of children in Burkina Faso undertake work and, compared to other West African countries, it has the highest rate of children involved in hazardous work (Diallo 2008; NISD 2008), which is one working child out of two. Based on a qualitative survey, this chapter presents the perspectives of Burkinabe children working in two of the hazardous sectors: a quarry and an artisanal mine. The findings show that children acknowledge very difficult working conditions in these sites. However a variety of reasons maintain them in work, which they perceive as a solution and thus challenging action against child labour in Burkina Faso.

Work and Excessive Sleepiness among Brazilian Evening High School Students Effects on Days Off

Previous studies have revealed that students who work and study build up sleep deficits during the workweek, which can trigger a sleep rebound during days off. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of working/non-working on sleepiness during days off among high school students. The study population, aged 14-21 years, attended evening classes in Sao Paulo, Brazil. For the study, the students completed questionnaires on living conditions, health, and work; wore actigraphs; and completed the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). To predict sleepiness, a logistic regression analysis was performed. Excessive sleepiness was observed on the first day off among working students. Results suggest that working is a significant predictor for sleepiness and that two shifts of daily systematic activities, study and work, might lead to excessive daytime sleepiness on the first day off. Further, this observed excessive sleepiness may reflect the sleep debt accumulated during the workweek.

Hälsofrämjande friskvårdsarbete : En fallstudie om friskvårdsarbete inom kommunal vård- och omsorgsförvaltning

Under senare år har frågan om ett hållbart arbetsliv blivit allt viktigare. Det innebär att goda arbetsförhållanden kommer att bidra till att människor orkar arbeta fram till pensionen. Friskvård har gått från att enbart vara en förmån till att bli en investering för att främja hälsa. Anställdas hälsa och arbetsmiljö är en del av personalfunktionens övergripande arbete för att behålla personal. Fysiskt krävande yrken som omsorgsarbete är ett stort arbetsmiljöproblem som kräver att organisationer försöker förhindra att arbetsrelaterad sjukdom inträffar. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka vilka förutsättningarna, ur ett medarbetarperspektiv, organisationer bör ta i beaktande för att skapa ett framgångsrikt arbete med hälsofrämjande friskvårdsaktiviteter inom kommunal vård- och omsorgsförvaltning. Arbetet är begränsat till personal inom Ludvika kommun. Friskvård kan förebygga sjukdom, men det kan också öka individens välbefinnande och kan därmed utgöra en framgångsrik strategi för att skapa hälsosammare arbetsplatser. En kombination av metoder användes för datainsamling, i form av en kvantitativ enkätundersökning och en kvalitativ fokusgruppintervju. Resultaten visade bland annat att majoriteten av de anställda är positiva till friskvård på arbetstid och att det är ett fördelaktigt sätt att öka deltagandet, även för dem som är mindre fysiskt aktiva. Tidsbrist och socialt stöd är skäl till varför fysisk aktivitet är lägre eller uteblir. Förutom att de anställda som har ett individuellt ansvar är det chefer, i samråd med organisationen, som har det övergripande ansvaret för att skapa goda förutsättningar för att främja hälsan.

Hälsofrämjande arbete på SSAB i Borlänge : Hälsofrämjande processer i arbetslivet och ledarskapets betydelse för medarbetarens hälsa

Problem: Arbetsmiljön är viktig för människors välbefinnande. Hälsofrämjande faktorer antas inte bara styrka individens fysiska och psykiska hälsa, utan även företagets konkurrenskraft och lönsamhet. I uppsatsen undersöker vi hur företaget SSAB i Borlänge arbetar med hälsa genom att tillämpa ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv och utgå från teorin om Känslan av sammanhang (KASAM). Ledarskapsvärderingar har betydelse för medarbetares hälsa (Hanson, 2004) och vi undersöker vilken uppfattning ett antal chefer har om sina roller i det hälsofrämjande arbetet och deras syn på medarbetarundersökningen HälsoSAM som företagshälsovården på SSAB bedriver. Arbetsbelastningen på medarbetare och chefer ökar till följd av sparkrav, samtidigt som resurserna minskar (Gatu, 2003). Följden blir en större risk för ohälsa och ett sätt att minska sjukfrånvaron är att genomföra hälsofrämjande insatser (Prevent, 2001). Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv förklara vad chefer har för möjligheter att skapa förutsättningar för att främja medarbetarnas hälsa på SSAB i Borlänge. Metod: Den metod som ligger till grund för uppsatsen baseras på ett kvalitativt angreppssätt där semistrukturerade intervjuer samt litteraturstudier genomförts för att samla information. Analys: Ledarens beteende påverkar medarbetarna. Hög arbetsbelastning på SSABs chefer leder till lägre närvaro bland medarbetarna, vilket i sin tur ger sämre förutsättningar för att främja hälsan. HälsoSAM kartlägger medarbetarnas hälsoläge, både välbefinnande och arbetskapacitet. Resultaten är vägledande i det hälsofrämjande arbetet men överbelastning, tidsbrist och kunskapsbrist hos cheferna bidrar till att uppföljningen inte blir systematisk. För ett väl fungerande hälsoarbete krävs systematik. Slutsats: Hälsofrämjande processer i arbetslivet skapas genom balans mellan krav och resurser. På SSAB i Borlänge hindras hälsoarbetet av tidsbrist och kunskapsbrist hos cheferna. Kostnadsbesparingar påverkar hälsoarbetet negativt och systematiken i uppföljningsarbetet blir lidande. Ansvaret för hälsoarbetet läggs på företagshälsovården, men utan stöd från chefer blir inte hälsoarbetet en naturlig del i verksamheten. Det är viktigt att i rådande situation se vad främjande av hälsa kan ge tillbaka till företaget i både ekonomiska och kvalitativa termer. Insikt om detta ökar chefernas incitament att prioritera hälsofrämjande processer och organisera arbetet så att människor har förutsättningar att hantera, kontrollera och klara av sina uppgifter.

Formal caregivers' perceptions of quality of care for older people : associating factors

Background: Despite the growing number of studies concerning quality of care for older people, there is a lack of studies depicting factors associated with good quality of care from the formal caregivers' perspective. The aim was to describe formal caregivers' perceptions of quality of care for older people in the community and explore factors associated with these perceptions. In total, 70 nursing assistants, 163 enrolled nurses and 198 registered nurses from 14 communities in central Sweden participated in the study. They filled out the following questionnaires: a modified version of Quality from the Patient's Perspective, Creative Climate Questionnaire, Stress of Conscience Questionnaire, items regarding education and competence, Health Index and Sense of coherence questionnaire. The overall response rate was 57 % (n = 431). Results: In the perceived reality of quality of care respondents assessed the highest mean value in the dimension medical-technical competence and physical technical conditions and lower values in the dimensions; identity-oriented approach, socio-cultural atmosphere and in the context specific dimension. The caregivers estimated their competence and health rather high, had lower average values in sense of coherence and organizational climate and low values in stress of conscience. Conculsions: The PR of quality of care were estimated higher among NA/ENs compared to RNs. Occupation, organizational climate and stress of conscience were factors associated with quality of care that explained 42 % of the variance. Competence, general health and sense of coherence were not significantly associated to quality of care. The mentioned factors explaining quality of care might be intertwined and showed that formal caregivers' working conditions are of great importance for quality of care.

Swedish translation and psychometric testing of the safety attitudes questionnaire (operating room version)

Background: Tens of millions of patients worldwide suffer from avoidable disabling injuries and death every year. Measuring the safety climate in health care is an important step in improving patient safety. The most commonly used instrument to measure safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of the translated version of the SAQ. Methods: The SAQ was translated and adapted to the Swedish context. The survey was then carried out with 374 respondents in the operating room (OR) setting. Data was received from three hospitals, a total of 237 responses. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results: The Cronbach's alpha values for each of the factors of the SAQ ranged between 0.59 and 0.83. The CFA and its goodness-of-fit indices (SRMR 0.055, RMSEA 0.043, CFI 0.98) showed good model fit. Intercorrelations between the factors safety climate, teamwork climate, job satisfaction, perceptions of management, and working conditions showed moderate to high correlation with each other. The factor stress recognition had no significant correlation with teamwork climate, perception of management, or job satisfaction. Conclusions: Therefore, the Swedish translation and psychometric testing of the SAQ (OR version) has good construct validity. However, the reliability analysis suggested that some of the items need further refinement to establish sound internal consistency. As suggested by previous research, the SAQ is potentially a useful tool for evaluating safety climate. However, further psychometric testing is required with larger samples to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument for use in Sweden.

Trabalhador de enfermagem: de anjo de branco a profissional

O estudo, fundamentado nas premissas teóricas sobre relações de trabalho, em especial de algumas variáveis que integram a categoria microssocial - organização do trabalho e condições de trabalho - aliadas às contribuições da Escola Dejouriana, que analisa os temas do prazer e do sofrimento vinculados ao trabalho, procura desvendar o processo de desgaste/prazer no trabalho dentro de um hospital universitário, trazido através do discurso dos trabalhadores de enfermagem ali atuantes, buscando captar suas realizações, dificuldades, alegrias, tramas e defesas, angústias, contradições, a luta pelo poder, as vivências subjetivas, os silêncios. A presente pesquisa de caráter exploratório, por meio de um roteiro com questões fechadas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, envolvendo trinta e seis profissionais, representantes das categorias enfermeiro, técnico de enfermagem e auxiliar de enfermagem visou apreender a realidade laboral do Hospital Universitário de Juiz de Fora, tentando delinear os contextos de trabalho vividos como positivo ou negativos, denunciando pontos na convergência trabalhador-contexto de trabalho, a partir dos quais as mudanças devam ser impulsionadas, para que se possa criar novas.estratégias, dirimir conflitos e ampliar as possibilidades de auto-realização e prazer no trabalho. As categorias de análise definidas no estudo possibilitaram uma reflexão sobre os desafios e problemas que surgem da relação trabalhador/trabalho/instituição. O conhecimento dos fatores implicados na gênese do desgaste/prazer no trabalho de enfermagem abre espaço para que estes sejam gerenciados pelos trabalhadores em proveito de sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Em suma, temos que a trajetória da enfermagem de anjo de branco a profissional tem sido marcada por preconceitos, desgaste, sofrimento e luta por espaço laboral. Abandonando a posição de saber periférico e vulnerável, assistimos atualmente o esforço dos trabalhadores de enfermagem para a construção de uma nova imagem que contempla estratégias de revalorização do estatuto profissional, controle da formação, das carreiras e dos conteúdos do trabalho para que se tornem agentes privilegiados e ativos na melhoria das condições de saúde da comunidade e propulsoras de novas idéias para o avanço da gestão nas organizações hospitalares.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho: o caso de enfermeiros dos Hospitais Públicos Walfredo Gurgel e Santa Catarina

The theoretical foundation of this study addresses the construct Quality of Worklife involving pro-active reading organizations in face to social developments of the working class, which is a challenge to the people s management. In this sense, as a contribution to the studies of quality of worklife (QOWL), this study addresses the quality of lifework of nurses at Walfredo Gurgel and Santa Catarina public hospitals. The goal is to make a diagnosis about the quality of lifework of these employees taking as a basis dimensions and performance indicators shown in the model by Fernandes (1996). The research is characterized by field, in a descriptive way. This survey comprised 75 nurses, with 49 by Walfredo Gurgel hospital and 26 by Santa Catarina one. The data collection was carried out through structured questionnaire. The questions were processed in the software Statistic 6.0, with factor analysis and multiple regressions, after the systematization of data. As a result, the most nurses in hospitals are dissatisfied with the quality of lifework, with the highest incidence in Santa Catarina hospital. The variable occupational health assessment was more negative in the hospital Santa Catarina one, whereas in Walfredo Gurgel, was family assistance. The variable guarantee of employment was more positive assessment in two hospitals without, though, implying in high importance on QOWL of nurses. The factor structure and decision showed greater sensitivity to explain the QOWL of nurses, joining 17 variables from 40 of the model. The factor working conditions, joining 6 variables, showed the second highest sensitivity. The compensation factor, gathering 5 variables, showed the third highest sensitivity while image and health factors showed minor importance