Transformada Wavelet Compleja de Doble Árbol (DT-CWT) y su aplicación en Teledetección. Nuevos modelos y aplicaciones

La teledetección o percepción remota (remote sensing) es la ciencia que abarca la obtención de información (espectral, espacial, temporal) sobre un objeto, área o fenómeno a través del análisis de datos adquiridos por un dispositivo que no está en contacto con el elemento estudiado. Los datos obtenidos a partir de la teledetección para la observación de la superficie terrestre comúnmente son imágenes, que se caracterizan por contar con un sinnúmero de aplicaciones que están en continua evolución, por lo cual para solventar los constantes requerimientos de nuevas aplicaciones a menudo se proponen nuevos algoritmos que mejoran o facilitan algún proceso en particular. Para el desarrollo de dichos algoritmos, es preciso hacer uso de métodos matemáticos que permitan la manipulación de la información con algún fin específico. Dentro de estos métodos, el análisis multi-resolución se caracteriza por permitir analizar una señal en diferentes escalas, lo que facilita trabajar con datos que puedan tener resoluciones diferentes, tal es el caso de las imágenes obtenidas mediante teledetección. Una de las alternativas para la implementación de análisis multi-resolución es la Transformada Wavelet Compleja de Doble Árbol (DT-CWT). Esta transformada se implementa a partir de dos filtros reales y se caracteriza por presentar invariancia a traslaciones, precio a pagar por su característica de no ser críticamente muestreada. A partir de las características de la DT-CWT se propone su uso en el diseño de algoritmos de procesamiento de imagen, particularmente imágenes de teledetección. Estos nuevos algoritmos de procesamiento digital de imágenes de teledetección corresponden particularmente a fusión y detección de cambios. En este contexto esta tesis presenta tres algoritmos principales aplicados a fusión, evaluación de fusión y detección de cambios en imágenes. Para el caso de fusión de imágenes, se presenta un esquema general que puede ser utilizado con cualquier algoritmo de análisis multi-resolución; este algoritmo parte de la implementación mediante DT-CWT para luego extenderlo a un método alternativo, el filtro bilateral. En cualquiera de los dos casos la metodología implica que la inyección de componentes pueda realizarse mediante diferentes alternativas. En el caso del algoritmo de evaluación de fusión se presenta un nuevo esquema que hace uso de procesos de clasificación, lo que permite evaluar los resultados del proceso de fusión de forma individual para cada tipo de cobertura de uso de suelo que se defina en el proceso de evaluación. Esta metodología permite complementar los procesos de evaluación tradicionales y puede facilitar el análisis del impacto de la fusión sobre determinadas clases de suelo. Finalmente, los algoritmos de detección de cambios propuestos abarcan dos enfoques. El primero está orientado a la obtención de mapas de sequía en datos multi-temporales a partir de índices espectrales. El segundo enfoque propone la utilización de un índice global de calidad espectral como filtro espacial. La utilización de dicho filtro facilita la comparación espectral global entre dos imágenes, esto unido a la utilización de umbrales, conlleva a la obtención de imágenes diferencia que contienen la información de cambio. ABSTRACT Remote sensing is a science relates to information gathering (spectral, spatial, temporal) about an object, area or phenomenon, through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the studied item. In general, data obtained from remote sensing to observe the earth’s surface are images, which are characterized by having a number of applications that are constantly evolving. Therefore, to solve the constant requirements of applications, new algorithms are proposed to improve or facilitate a particular process. With the purpose of developing these algorithms, each application needs mathematical methods, such as the multiresolution analysis which allows to analyze a signal at different scales. One of the options is the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) which is implemented from two real filters and is characterized by invariance to translations. Among the advantages of this transform is its successful application in image fusion and change detection areas. In this regard, this thesis presents three algorithms applied to image fusion, assessment for image fusion and change detection in multitemporal images. For image fusion, it is presented a general outline that can be used with any multiresolution analysis technique; this algorithm is proposed at first with DT-CWT and then extends to an alternative method, the bilateral filter. In either case the method involves injection of components by various means. For fusion assessment, the proposal is focused on a scheme that uses classification processes, which allows evaluating merger results individually for each type of land use coverage that is defined in evaluation process. This methodology allows complementing traditional assessment processes and can facilitate impact analysis of the merger on certain kinds of soil. Finally, two approaches of change detection algorithms are included. The first is aimed at obtaining drought maps in multitemporal data from spectral indices. The second one takes a global index of spectral quality as a spatial filter. The use of this filter facilitates global spectral comparison between two images and by means of thresholding, allows imaging containing change information.

Bridge damage identification from moving load induced deflection based on wavelet transform and Lipschitz exponent

The wavelet transform and Lipschitz exponent perform well in detecting signal singularity.With the bridge crack damage modeled as rotational springs based on fracture mechanics, the deflection time history of the beam under the moving load is determined with a numerical method. The continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) is applied to the deflection of the beam to identify the location of the damage, and the Lipschitz exponent is used to evaluate the damage degree. The influence of different damage degrees,multiple damage, different sensor locations, load velocity and load magnitude are studied.Besides, the feasibility of this method is verified by a model experiment.

Do principio da probidade administrativa e de sua maxima efetivação

Inclui notas explicativas e bibliograficas

Phloem sap proteins from Cucurbita maxima and Ricinus communis have the capacity to traffic cell to cell through plasmodesmata

In angiosperms, the functional enucleate sieve tube system of the phloem appears to be maintained by the surrounding companion cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that polypeptides present within the phloem sap traffic cell to cell from the companion cells, where they are synthesized, into the sieve tube via plasmodesmata. Coinjection of fluorescently labeled dextrans along with size-fractionated Cucurbita maxima phloem proteins, ranging in size from 10 to 200 kDa, as well as injection of individual fluorescently labeled phloem proteins, provided unambiguous evidence that these proteins have the capacity to interact with mesophyll plasmodesmata in cucurbit cotyledons to induce an increase in size exclusion limit and traffic cell to cell. Plasmodesmal size exclusion limit increased to greater than 20 kDa, but less than 40 kDa, irrespective of the size of the injected protein, indicating that partial protein unfolding may be a requirement for transport. A threshold concentration in the 20–100 nM range was required for cell-to-cell transport indicating that phloem proteins have a high affinity for the mesophyll plasmodesmal binding site(s). Parallel experiments with glutaredoxin and cystatin, phloem sap proteins from Ricinus communis, established that these proteins can also traffic through cucurbit mesophyll plasmodesmata. These results are discussed in terms of the requirements for regulated protein trafficking between companion cells and the sieve tube system. As the threshold value for plasmodesmal transport of phloem sap proteins falls within the same range as many plant hormones, the possibility is discussed that some of these proteins may act as long-distance signaling molecules.

Power line interference filtering on surface electromyography based on the stationary wavelet packet transform

Power line interference is one of the main problems in surface electromyogram signals (EMG) analysis. In this work, a new method based on the stationary wavelet packet transform is proposed to estimate and remove this kind of noise from EMG data records. The performance has been quantitatively evaluated with synthetic noisy signals, obtaining good results independently from the signal to noise ratio (SNR). For the analyzed cases, the obtained results show that the correlation coefficient is around 0.99, the energy respecting to the pure EMG signal is 98–104%, the SNR is between 16.64 and 20.40 dB and the mean absolute error (MAE) is in the range of −69.02 and −65.31 dB. It has been also applied on 18 real EMG signals, evaluating the percentage of energy respecting to the noisy signals. The proposed method adjusts the reduction level to the amplitude of each harmonic present in the analyzed noisy signals (synthetic and real), reducing the harmonics with no alteration of the desired signal.

SeismicWaveTool: Continuous and discrete wavelet analysis and filtering for multichannel seismic data

A MATLAB-based computer code has been developed for the simultaneous wavelet analysis and filtering of multichannel seismic data. The considered time–frequency transforms include the continuous wavelet transform, the discrete wavelet transform and the discrete wavelet packet transform. The developed approaches provide a fast and precise time–frequency examination of the seismograms at different frequency bands. Moreover, filtering methods for noise, transients or even baseline removal, are implemented. The primary motivation is to support seismologists with a user-friendly and fast program for the wavelet analysis, providing practical and understandable results.

EnvironmentalWaveletTool: Continuous and discrete wavelet analysis and filtering for environmental time series

A MATLAB-based computer code has been developed for the simultaneous wavelet analysis and filtering of several environmental time series, particularly focused on the analyses of cave monitoring data. The continuous wavelet transform, the discrete wavelet transform and the discrete wavelet packet transform have been implemented to provide a fast and precise time–period examination of the time series at different period bands. Moreover, statistic methods to examine the relation between two signals have been included. Finally, the entropy of curves and splines based methods have also been developed for segmenting and modeling the analyzed time series. All these methods together provide a user-friendly and fast program for the environmental signal analysis, with useful, practical and understandable results.

Terrae Yemen maxima Pars. seu Imperii Imami, Principatus Kaukebân, nec non ditionum Haschid U Bekîl, Nehhm, Chaulân, Abu Arîsch Et Aden Tabula: ex observationibus astronomicis et hodometricis jussu et suntibus Potentissimor: Daniae Regnum Friderici V et Christiani VII institutis

delineata Auctore C. Niebuhr ; Gustav Conrad Lotter Sculps.

Q. Asco. Pediani In Ciceronis orationes commentarii atq[ue] Georgius Trapezuntius, De artificio Ciceroniae orationis Pro. Q. Ligario : nuper maxima diligentia excuti.

Edit16,

Crisis astrologica physica mathematica y choronologica y pronostico universal sobre la maxima conjuncion del año 1723, dia ... de Enero : con expresion de los sucessos politicos cosechas de frutos ... y singular enarració de ... y constitucion de los tiempos, en particular, se ... el pronostico de cada uno de los años, y sus eclypses visibles hasta el año 1741 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Theatrum universale omnium animalium, piscium, avium, quadrupedum, exanguium, aquaticorum, insectorum et angium : CCLX tabulis ornatum ex scriptoribus tam antiquis quam recentioribus Aristoteles, Theophrasto, Dioscoride ... & aliis maxima curâ à J. Jonstonio collectum ac plus quam trecentis piscibus nuperrime ex Indiis Orientalibus allatis ... /

Contiene: Collectio nova piscium amboinemsium partim ibi ad vivum delineatorum partim ex museo Henrici Ruysch, 40 p., XX h. de grab. ; Historia naturalis piscium / cura H. Ruysch ; praefatio Joh. Jonstoni, [6], 160 p., XLVIII h. de grab. ; Theatri universalis animalium : pars secunda sive Historiae naturalis de avibus ..., [12], 160 [i.e. 168] p., 62 h. de grab., la última con port. propia

Theatrum universale omnium animalium, piscium, avium, quadrupedum, exanguium, aquaticorum, insectorum et angium : CCLX tabulis ornatum ex scriptoribus tam antiquis quam recentioribus, Aristoteles, Theophrasto, Dioscoride ... & aliis maxima curâ à J. Jonstonio collectum ac plus quam trecentis piscibus [et]nuperrime ex Indiis Orientalibus allatis ... /

Contiene: Historiae naturalis de quadrupedibus, 163, [1] p., LXXX h. de grab. ; Theatro universalis animalium pars quarta sive Historiae naturalis de exanguibus ..., [4], 3-58, [2] p., XX h. de grab. ; Theatri universalis animalium pars quinta sive Historiae naturalis de insectis ..., [6], 147, [1] p., XXVIII h. de grab. ; Theatri universalis animalium pars sexta sive Historiae naturalis de serpentibus, [4], 3-37 [i.e. 39], [1] p., XII h. de grab., las tres últimas con port. propia

Collectio maxima Conciliorum Hispaniae, epistolarumque decretalium celebriorum /

Mode of access: Internet.

Iuris civilis septimus tomus continens absolutissimum indicem et summam omnium, quae continentur tam in textu, quam in glossa totius iuris civilis maxima distinctione contextum ... /

Contiene: [7.1]: [A-I] ; 7.2: [L-Z]

Miscellaneum geometricum in quatuor partes diuisum : In quarum prima, agitur de mensura, & centro grauitatis quorundam solidorum a geometria nondum consideratorum. In secunda, de centris aequilibrij in basibus, ... In tertia, tanguntur quaedam circa centra grauitatis superficierum curuarum; ... In quarta vero, assignatur maxima inscriptibilia in infinitis trilineis ... /

Mode of access: Internet.