Humanos y máquinas : Aspectos epistemológicos de su relación en el debate humanismo-poshumanismo

En la tesis se consideran los procesos de cambio conceptual, teórico y metodológico que modelaron el desarrollo de los estudios sociales de la ciencia desde su emergencia hasta la actualidad, con el objeto de analizar los alcances y límites de las perspectivas humanistas y poshumanistas en la comprensión del vínculo "humano-no humano". Los estudios sociales de la ciencia conforman un campo marginal tanto dentro de los estudios metacientíficos como de la disciplina que les dio origen: la sociología. Si bien en las últimas décadas éstos han dado lugar a un significativo progreso en la comprensión cualitativa y cuantitativa de la ciencia y la tecnología, al responder primordialmente a la inquietud empírico-comparativa de programas de investigación de corte institucionalista han tendido a relegar de sus agendas de investigación el análisis epistemológico de los modelos explicativos considerados. En este sentido, en su afán de dar cuenta del carácter social de la ciencia apenas si han reparado en los nexos que pueden establecerse entre la explicación social de la ciencia y la explicación científica de "lo social". Con el objeto de atender a ello la tesis analiza las implicancias epistemológicas, metodológicas y ontológicas del estudio social de la ciencia considerando a la relación "humano-máquina" o "humano-no humano" como un hilo de Ariadna en la identificación de rupturas y continuidades en la consideración del vínculo "ciencia-sociedad". Desde esta perspectiva se estudia la dinámica de cambio conceptual, teórico y/o metodológico que dio lugar a la emergencia y desarrollo del estudio social de la ciencia en relación con aquella que modeló al estudio científico de "lo social", se identifican los cambios epistemológicos, ontológicos y metodológicos que configuraron a la dimensión no humana como un tópico relevante, cuando no ineludible, en la explicación social de la ciencia, se examinan las implicancias de la incorporación de los objetos naturales y/o tecnológicos a los modelos explicativos del estudio social de la ciencia en el contexto de la crítica poshumanista a las teorías de la acción que han asumido al sujeto como epicentro del análisis, y se analiza el impacto de la mencionada crítica en términos de un reordenamiento de los vínculos entre el estudio social de la ciencia y el estudio científico de "lo social". De este modo se ofrece una faceta de los estudios sociales de la ciencia inadvertida por buena parte de la literatura especializada, más atenta a la confrontación de imágenes sociológicas y filosóficas de la ciencia en el contexto de la denominada "guerra de las ciencias" que a sus implicancias epistemológicas para el estudio científico de "lo social". Enfatizando así el anclaje disciplinar del estudio social de la ciencia no se suscribe una visión "internalista" del progreso epistémico, sino que, por el contrario, se sugiere que la simultánea consideración de factores disciplinares y extra disciplinares resulta una estrategia tan fructífera como innovadora para analizar un campo que, al extender el dominio de la explicación social al ámbito de los fenómenos físico-naturales, ha dado lugar a uno de los más complejos casos de interacción disciplinar.

Humanos y máquinas : Aspectos epistemológicos de su relación en el debate humanismo-poshumanismo

En la tesis se consideran los procesos de cambio conceptual, teórico y metodológico que modelaron el desarrollo de los estudios sociales de la ciencia desde su emergencia hasta la actualidad, con el objeto de analizar los alcances y límites de las perspectivas humanistas y poshumanistas en la comprensión del vínculo "humano-no humano". Los estudios sociales de la ciencia conforman un campo marginal tanto dentro de los estudios metacientíficos como de la disciplina que les dio origen: la sociología. Si bien en las últimas décadas éstos han dado lugar a un significativo progreso en la comprensión cualitativa y cuantitativa de la ciencia y la tecnología, al responder primordialmente a la inquietud empírico-comparativa de programas de investigación de corte institucionalista han tendido a relegar de sus agendas de investigación el análisis epistemológico de los modelos explicativos considerados. En este sentido, en su afán de dar cuenta del carácter social de la ciencia apenas si han reparado en los nexos que pueden establecerse entre la explicación social de la ciencia y la explicación científica de "lo social". Con el objeto de atender a ello la tesis analiza las implicancias epistemológicas, metodológicas y ontológicas del estudio social de la ciencia considerando a la relación "humano-máquina" o "humano-no humano" como un hilo de Ariadna en la identificación de rupturas y continuidades en la consideración del vínculo "ciencia-sociedad". Desde esta perspectiva se estudia la dinámica de cambio conceptual, teórico y/o metodológico que dio lugar a la emergencia y desarrollo del estudio social de la ciencia en relación con aquella que modeló al estudio científico de "lo social", se identifican los cambios epistemológicos, ontológicos y metodológicos que configuraron a la dimensión no humana como un tópico relevante, cuando no ineludible, en la explicación social de la ciencia, se examinan las implicancias de la incorporación de los objetos naturales y/o tecnológicos a los modelos explicativos del estudio social de la ciencia en el contexto de la crítica poshumanista a las teorías de la acción que han asumido al sujeto como epicentro del análisis, y se analiza el impacto de la mencionada crítica en términos de un reordenamiento de los vínculos entre el estudio social de la ciencia y el estudio científico de "lo social". De este modo se ofrece una faceta de los estudios sociales de la ciencia inadvertida por buena parte de la literatura especializada, más atenta a la confrontación de imágenes sociológicas y filosóficas de la ciencia en el contexto de la denominada "guerra de las ciencias" que a sus implicancias epistemológicas para el estudio científico de "lo social". Enfatizando así el anclaje disciplinar del estudio social de la ciencia no se suscribe una visión "internalista" del progreso epistémico, sino que, por el contrario, se sugiere que la simultánea consideración de factores disciplinares y extra disciplinares resulta una estrategia tan fructífera como innovadora para analizar un campo que, al extender el dominio de la explicación social al ámbito de los fenómenos físico-naturales, ha dado lugar a uno de los más complejos casos de interacción disciplinar.

Back in Blue: The Successful Reintegration of Combat Veteran Law Enforcement Officers.

In the past ten plus years, several million national guard and reserve component military personnel have been deployed in support of the global war on terrorism. Tens of thousands of those personnel also serve as full-time law enforcement officers in police and sheriff's offices around the country. Life as a law enforcement officer is tough enough, but when combined with the psychological baggage brought on by months of war, reintegrating into civilian life and the role of a law enforcement officer can be extremely difficult. This article discusses a reintegration program specifically for law enforcement agencies that is designed to promote long-term psychological and social health in combat veteran officers. The program's costs are offset by the many assets (leadership, tactical training, etc.) these men and women bring to the department. By committing to the long-term successful reintegration of these individuals, departments enhance their own forces and improve community safety.

College Book 7, 1750-1778

This volume contains a fair copy of minutes from Corporation meetings held from Sept. 17, 1750 through April 23, 1778. It begins with an alphabetical index and contains entries related to a wide range of topics, including the challenges of operating the Charlestown ferry (due to the river freezing, fear of smallpox, and other issues); increases in "pecuniary mulcts" (fines) for breaches of specific College laws; the establishment of the Dudleian lecture; the selection and financial support of missionaries to various Indian tribes; honorary degrees awarded to Benjamin Franklin and George Washington; gifts to the library as it was rebuilt in the wake of the fire of 1764 (many entries provide the title and author of books donated); the management of land and property belonging to Harvard; Treasurers' reports and other financial accounts; changes in the College laws; gifts to the College, ranging from two Egyptian mummies to a solar microscope; the construction of the First Parish Meeting House in Cambridge and the use of adjacent College property by parishoners; rules of endowed professorships; salaries and appointments; closures due to the threat of smallpox; rules governing Commons and the College Library; reports of various Visiting Committees; class schedules, according to subject; student disorders; the establishment of a designated museum space to display "Curiosities"; the effects of the Revolutionary War on Harvard, including repeated requests to the General Court after the war for compensation for damage to College buildings; the cost of various foods and changes in what was served at Commons; and the danger of the chapel's roof, built of too-heavy slate, falling in. Also of interest are minutes from a May 5, 1761 meeting, which note that the General Court voted to pay for Hollis Professor John Winthrop to travel to Newfoundland to observe the transit of Venus "over the Suns disc."

Harvard College Master of Arts diploma of Samuel Mather, 1701 July 3

This diploma was awarded to Samuel Mather on July 3, 1701, when he received an A.M. from Harvard College. It is signed by Increase Mather (then-President of Harvard), Samuel Willard, Henry Flynt, Jabez Fitch, and Nathaniel Saltonstall.

Letters from William Tudor to Thomas Handasyd Perkins,

Four letters on topics including the capture of an American ship, the General Carrington, at Callao, Peru, and the loss and damage incurred; the movements of Simón Bolívar and the state of the conflicts with Spain; the impact of the war on trade, with details on prices and speculation in goods like foodstuffs and domestic quicksilver; and the "deteriorating" condition of American merchant seamen.

Letters from William Tudor to Thomas Handasyd Perkins,

Four letters on topics including the political upheaval in South America and movements of the respective combatants, and the prices of foodstuffs and the effects of the war on commerce in the region. Tudor also addresses his efforts to become involved in mining silver in Peru.

[Letter from Andrew Eliot to "My Dear Sir," 14 September 1774]

Two-page letter to an unknown recipient discussing the effects of the Revolutionary War on Boston ("at present it's situation is melancholy"). The letter acknowledges the work of the Continental Congress and that its decisions "will be Law to America," and thanks the "munificence of our Friends in the Southern Colonies." In local news, Eliot mentions that Dr. Samuel Langdon will likely be appointed Harvard's next President, and notes the death of Thomas Hollis, a Harvard benefactor.

Letter from Benjamin Colman to Edward Wigglesworth about John Leverett, 1728 March 4

Benjamin Colman wrote this letter to Edward Wigglesworth on March 4, 1728; it was sent from Colman, in Boston, to Wigglesworth, in Cambridge. The letter concerns their mutual friend, John Leverett, who had died several years before. It appears that Wigglesworth was charged with writing an epitaph for Leverett and had solicited input from Colman. Colman writes of his great admiration for Leverett, praising his "virtue & piety, wisdom & gravity [...] majesty & authority [...] eye & voice, goodness & courtesie."

The Basque Diaspora in Latin America: Euskal Etxeak, Integration, and Tensions. EDAP 1/2016

The establishment of the Basque diaspora in Latin America can be divided in several different periods. First, from the 16th to 18th century, the so-called original diaspora of Basques who were part of the Spanish colonial regime. The second can be traced to the 19th century, consisting of a mixture of impoverished Basque migrants seeking jobs, especially in Uruguay and Argentina, and of refugees fleeing from the Spanish War of Independence and the Carlist wars. The third wave is identified by, but not only through, the considerable amount of refugees from the Spanish Civil War on the 1930's. The fourth wave came during the 1970s, with refugees from the Franco Dictatorship, ETA members and sympathisers. In this paper I will argue that each new wave of migrants brought tension to the diaspora, with the Euskal Etxeak, or ‘Basque houses’, as a focus point. The main idea is to analyse the different tensions and political discussions of this set of diasporic waves in Latin America.

Resolutions of the Institute of international law dealing with the law of nations, with an historical introduction and explanatory notes;

Includes Manual of the laws and customs of war on land, adopted at the Oxford meeting of the Institute, 1880 (p. 25-42) and Manual of the laws of naval war, adopted at the Oxford session, 1913 (p. 174-201)

Stand-To

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Alternatives to peace keeping in Korea: the role of non-state actors and face-to-face encounters

Korea is one of the world's most volatile areas, not least because traditional UN mediation and peacekeeping missions are impossible. Having intervened in the Korean War on behalf of the southern side, the UN is a party to the conflict, rather than a neutral arbiter. The situation is particularly problematic because political interactions are characterized by a high degree of state-control over security policy. In both parts of the peninsula the state has, at least until recently, exercised the exclusive right to deal with the opponent on the other side of the hermetically divided peninsula. Given these domestic and international constrains, alternative approaches to conflict resolution are urgently needed. The recently proliferating literature on human security offers possible solutions, for it urges policy makers to view security beyond the conventional military-based defence of the state and its territory. Using such a conceptual framework, the essay assesses the potential significance non-state interactions between North and South, particularly those that promote communication, information exchange and face-to-face encounters. Even though these interactions remain limited, they are of crucial importance, for they provide an opportunity to reduce the stereotypical threat images that continue to fuel conflict on the peninsula.

Responsibility to protect or Trojan Horse? The crisis in darfur and humanitarian intervention after Iraq

What does the world's engagement with the unfolding crisis in Darfur tell us about the impact of the Iraq war on the norm of humanitarian intervention? Is a global consensus about a "responsibility to protect" more or less likely? There are at least three potential answers to these questions. Some argue that the merging of strategic interests and humanitarian goods amplified by the intervention in Afghanistan makes it more likely that the world's most powerful states will act to prevent or halt humanitarian crises. Others insist that the widespread perception that the United States and its allies "abused" humanitarian justifications to legitimate its invasion of Iraq has set back efforts to build a global consensus about humanitarian action. A third group argues that the "responsibility to protect" inhibits the potential for abuse and, as a result, consensus is likely to strengthen post-Iraq for precisely this reason. Through a detailed study of the international engagement with Darfur, I suggest that the latter two arguments have merit but need to be adjusted. I argue that the humanitarian intervention norm has changed in two subtle ways. First, while the strength of the norm itself has not changed, the credibility of the United States and U.K. as "norm carriers" has been significantly undermined. Second, while the "responsibility to protect" has been invoked to support international activism, it has also re-legitimated anti-interventionist arguments.

Crise e esperança : a práxis pastoral da igreja Batista na guerra de Angola 1985 a 2002

Quatro décadas de guerra trouxeram conseqüências desastrosas para a nação angolana. Na cidade do Huambo - a segunda do país e o epicentro do conflito armado - destruída pelos combates, a Igreja Batista, exerceu de maneira criativa o seu papel de comunidade solidária. A Igreja não se resignou à miséria imposta pela guerra, mas junto com o povo descobriu que a crise traz oportunidades imperdíveis para exercer sua missão. Seu papel foi catalisador, reunindo vontades, organizando parcerias, provocando reflexão, servindo vítimas de guerra e os carentes em geral. Em meio à dor, as igrejas descobrem a importância da interdependência, percebem que somente através da cooperação mútua e na busca do bem do outro é que será possível alcançar objetivos comuns e transformar realidades. Ao mesmo tempo em que a igreja era um agente de transformação, ela também teve que adequar sua metodologia e mudar suas práticas missionárias, ou seja, a igreja transformava e era transformada.O primeiro capítulo traz uma retrospectiva histórica do período colonial até a contemporaneidade; o capítulo dois trabalha os efeitos de uma guerra devastadora na vida da população e como a igreja interagiu com esta cultura de guerra. Finalmente, no capítulo três, a análise da práxis pastoral da igreja em meio ao conflito armado atuando como uma comunidade solidária, parceira no empreendimento de reconstrução nacional e promotora da práxis de esperança. Por ser um estudo de caso, o trabalho apresenta uma análise crítica da práxis pastoral desenvolvida pela Igreja Batista na cidade do Huambo no período de 1985 a 2002, podendo vir a ser uma leitura suplementar para quem conviver em situações de conflito armado.