Urinary 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin Levels Are Depressed in Chronic Migraine and Several Comorbidities

Objective.- To assess urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels in a large consecutive series of patients with migraine and several comorbidities (chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, insomnia, anxiety, and depression) as compared with controls. Background.- Urine analysis is widely used as a measure of melatonin secretion, as it is correlated with the nocturnal profile of plasma melatonin secretion. Melatonin has critical functions in human physiology and substantial evidence points to its importance in the regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep, and headache disorders. Methods.- Urine samples were collected into a single plastic container over a 12-hour period from 8:00 pm to 8:00 am of the next day, and 6-sulphatoxymelatonin was measured by quantitative ELISA. All of the patients were given a detailed questionnaire about headaches and additionally answered the following questionnaires: Chalder fatigue questionnaire, Epworth somnolence questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results.- A total of 220 subjects were evaluated - 73 (33%) had episodic migraine, 73 (33%) had chronic migraine, and 74 (34%) were enrolled as control subjects. There was a strong correlation between the concentration of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin detected and chronic migraine. Regarding the comorbidities, this study objectively demonstrates an inverse relationship between 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels and depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Conclusions.- To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between the urinary concentration of melatonin and migraine comorbidities. These results support hypothalamic involvement in migraine pathophysiology.

Os conflitos de competência normativa do estado regulador brasileiro no setor administrado pela ANP

The dissertation has by objective describe the administrative activity of regulation exercised by independent regulatory agencies, observing that this activity was already done before this structures creation, however, after a really deep administrative reform that had as objective built a Public Administration with more efficiency, it passed to be done with some own peculiarities of these new structures of regulation. The work gave especial attention to what concern the conflicts of normative competency that really often happen between ANP (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis) and the legislatives organs of the Republic Federative of Brazil, because energetic area has unbelievable mater to any country, and the fact of some juridical norm be against the law and be accepted is very dangerous, it affronts the constitutional principle of the legality e may put in risk the democratic Estate of law, them, regulatory dogmatic must be scientifically knows, and developed, thought and especially there are so many doctrinaires divergences about regulation constitutionality. As a theorist point, the investigation got the Logical nocontradiction principle, according Hans Kelsen and Lourival Vilanova thought, doing a philosophical reflection about the system of positive law, in which there are many antinomies, or conflicts of norms, what include the conflicts of the administrative acts expedited by ANP and the legislation of the brazilian regulatory Estate. For a better understanding and exemplify some perplexities treated by the doctrinaire angle, this work did a lucubration about a possibility of a normative conflict between a ANP resolution and the municipal legislation in a specific case, also, brought several jurisprudences for the brazilians courts of justice, that confirm the empiric existence of normative conflicts among ANP s administrative norms and federal legislation. Finally, concludes observing that the regulation is not a legislative competency delegation to regulatory agencies, is just a new exercise of the administrative function, it is a technical specialization of the public administration, that using this know-how can acting with more efficiency, however the normative power of regulatory agencies must respect the empire of law, so in this terms, the dissertation suggests the ponderation of the constitutionals principles of efficiency and legality how form to harmonizing the democratic legitimate inherent to legal norm supremacy, with the perspective of an efficient economic and institutional development

Deposição da calda de pulverização em cultivares de soja no estádio R1

Com o objetivo de quantificar a quantidade e a uniformidade dos depósitos da calda de pulverização em duas cultivares de soja ('CD 208' e 'CD 216'), no estádio R1, por meio de diferentes pontas e volumes de pulverização, foram conduzidos dois experimentos na área, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas UNESP- Botucatu, São Paulo (SP). Os tratamentos avaliados foram: pontas de jato plano (AI 110015 a 150L ha-1, AI 11002 a 200 e 250L ha-1); pontas de jato plano duplo (TJ 60 11002 a 150, 200 e 250L ha-1); pontas de jato cônico (TX-6 a 150, TX-8 a 200 e TX-10 a 250L ha-1) e pontas de jato plano duplo e baixa deriva (DGTJ 11002 a 200L ha-1). O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Para a avaliação da deposição, foi utilizado na pulverização o corante Azul Brilhante FDC- 1 (500mg L-1). Foram coletadas 25 plantas em cada repetição, divididas em região basal e apical. A determinação do conteúdo depositado foi realizada com a leitura de absorbância no comprimento de onda de 630nm, e os dados transformados em depósitos por grama de matéria seca foram ajustados às curvas de regressão, por meio do modelo de Gompertz. Os maiores depósitos avaliados nas cultivares 'CD 208' e 'CD 216' corresponderam aos tratamentos AI 11002 250L ha-1 e TJ 60 11002 250L ha-1, respectivamente. Os resultados da uniformidade da distribuição da calda de pulverização foram contraditórios aos da quantidade de depósitos. em todas as avaliações, o tratamento de maiores depósitos apresentou menor uniformidade na distribuição.

Efeito da deriva de Glyphosate sobre algumas características fisiológicas em plantas de eucalipto

This work aims to evaluate the effects of a simulated drift of glyphosate at different doses on some physiological characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis. A completely randomized design with five replications was used, where each pot contained an eucalyptus plant and was considered as one repetition. The plants received doses of glyphosate corresponding to 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120g.ha(-1), in the Scout (R) commercial formulation: The application was performed in three forms: leaves, stem and whole plant (leaf + stem). For foliar application, the stem was covered with plastic tape to avoid being hit by the solution, and leaves with a plastic bag when the stem was spayed. The application was performed by means of a steady spray gun equipped with four XR 11002 tips, with a pressure of 200Kpa and a volume of 2001 ha(-1). Stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf temperature were measured at 7 days after application (DAA). The eucalypt plants receiving applications in leaves and whole plant showed, at the highest glyphosate dosis (120g.ha(-1)), a transpiration reduced by 22% and an 18% increase of stomatal resistance at 7 DAA. The lowest dose (30g-ha(-1)) applied to the whole plant caused a transpiration stimulation of 18%, and a leaf to air difference in temperature of -1.66 degrees C, while the difference between the highest and lowest dose used was 3.5 degrees C.

Eficácia do glyphosate e 2,4-d no controle de espécies de trapoerabas (commelina spp.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D for the Commelina benghalensis, Commelina diffusa and Commelina erecta. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized in factorial scheme 3x7+1 (three herbicides x seven periods - hour after application) for two methods for measuring absorption of herbicides (simulated rain and cut the leaves applied), and a control without application, with four replications. The herbicides used were: glyphosate (1,080 g ha(-1)), 2,4-D amine (720 g ha(-1)) and, mixture glyphosate + 2,4-D (720 + 720 g ha(-1)). It was evaluated seven time intervals for washing (simulating rainfall after application) and cut (simulation abortion as a strategy of defense) the leaves applied: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after herbicide application (HHA). The minimum period for absorption of glyphosate alone and in mixture with 2,4 -D presented a satisfactory control (> 90.0%) was around 12 HHA to C. benghalensis, C. diffusa and C. erecta, independently of washing or cut the leaves applied. This observed behavior can influence the time required without rain after herbicide application, besides that, the plants aborted part of the stem with injuries to avoid the herbicide translocation, especially when was used the 2,4-D alone. Concluded that glyphosate alone and in mixture with 2,4-D were efficient and that the differences in the control of species may be due to variation of time to absorb the herbicide.

Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência sobre cultivares de batata

O presente trabalho foi realizado na Estação Experimental Agrícola da BASF S.A., situada na rodovia SP 310, km 144, no município de Santo Antonio da Posse-(SP), em área de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico com textura média. Quatro experimentos foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade dos herbicidas dimethenamid, metribuzin e linuron, aplicados em diferentes doses, na condição de pré-emergência, sobre as características de produção e qualidade dos tubérculos de quatro cultivares de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.). Utilizou-se, em todos os experimentos, o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e parcelas de 21 m² (3 x 7 m). Os tratamentos utilizados foram: testemunha capinada, dimethenamid nas doses de 0,75, 1,50 e 3,00 kg ha-1, metribuzin a 0,48 e 0,72 kg ha-1 e linuron a 1,50 e 2,00 kg ha-1. Foram realizadas três avaliações visuais de fitotoxicidade aos 24, 31, e 42 dias após a aplicação (DAA). A severidade das injúrias visuais verificadas nas plantas das diferentes cultivares de batata foi dependente do herbicida, da dose aplicada e da cultivar utilizada. O herbicida dimethenamid, na dose de 3,00 kg ha-1, foi o tratamento que proporcionou as maiores porcentagens visuais de área foliar injuriada, no entanto tais sintomas desapareceram completamente aos 42 DAA. Nenhum tratamento com herbicida interferiu negativamente na produção de tubérculos, na massa seca dos tubérculos e no tamanho final dos tubérculos colhidos.

Variáveis qualitativas da pulverização em feijão, Bidens pilosa E Brachiaria plantaginea

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da deposição da calda de pulverização em plantas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Bidens pilosa L. e de Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc. presentes na linha e entrelinha da cultura. Foi utilizado como traçador o corante Azul Brilhante FDC-1 (500 ppm). Utilizaram-se cinco pontas de pulverização: jato plano (XR 110015 VS e XR 11002 VS), jato plano duplo (TJ60 11002 VS) e jato cônico (TX-6 VS e TX-8 VS) e dois volumes de aplicação 150 e 200 L ha-1. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições. Foram amostradas 25 plantas em cada parcela/repetição, de plantas de feijão e plantas daninhas presentes na linha e na entrelinha da cultura. Após a aplicação, as plantas foram coletadas e lavadas em água destilada para quantificação do traçador em espectrofotômetro. Os dados ajustaram-se à curva de regressão pelo modelo de Gompertz. Os resultados evidenciaram que: para as plantas de feijão as pontas XR 110015 e TJ60 proporcionaram as deposições mais uniformes, nos volumes de 150 e 200 L ha-1, respectivamente; a ponta TX-6 no volume de 150 L ha-1 apresentou melhor uniformidade de distribuição para ambas as espécies de plantas daninhas presentes na linha da cultura; para as plantas daninhas presentes na entrelinha, no volume de 150 L ha-1, destacaram-se as pontas XR 110015 e TJ60 11002 para B. pilosa e B. plantaginea, respectivamente, no volume de 200 L ha-1 destacou-se a ponta TX-8 para ambas as espécies.

Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência sobre capim-braquiária

O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade de alguns herbicidas inibidores de ALS e FS II aplicados em pós-emergência em plantas de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk em condições de campo e seu efeito na qualidade das sementes. Os herbicidas testados (em g/ha) foram: imazethapyr a 100; chlorimuronethyl a 15; nicosulfuron a 50; bentazon a 720; e atrazine a 3.000, além de uma testemunha, sem aplicação de herbicidas. Dois experimentos em campo foram instalados em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e os ensaios de laboratório em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 16 repetições. Todos os herbicidas testados tiveram algum efeito de fitointoxicação visual aos cultivares avaliados. O nicosulfuron foi o herbicida que visualmente proporcionou os níveis mais elevados de injúrias às plantas de B. decumbens e B. brizantha. A produção de MS de B. brizantha nos estádios iniciais de crescimento foi reduzida pelos herbicidas nicosulfuron e atrazine, enquanto, em B. decumbens, apenas o herbicida nicosulfuron ocasionou redução da produção de MS. A qualidade das sementes de ambos os cultivares foi afetada pelo nicosulfuron, que induziu a dormência em sementes de B. decumbens, reduziu a porcentagem de sementes normais e, assim como o atrazine, aumentou a porcentagem de sementes mortas.

Método não destrutivo de estimativa da área foliar de plantas daninhas de ambiente aquático: tanner-grass e capim-fino

The continuous inputs from agriculture areas and human or industrial sewer have been provided a widely demographic explosion of tropical tanner-grass and para grasss plants in the rivers and water reservoirs of Brazil. Considering the importance of these noxious weeds there is a vast necessity of basic studies on aspects related to reproduction, growing, development, nutritional requirements, responses to control systems and others. In most studies, leaf area knowledge is crucial and it is one of the most difficult characteristics to be measured because it usually requires expensive equipments or it uses a destructive technique. The objective of this work was to develop equations for leaf blade dimensional parameters to allow determination of the leaf area of African tanner-grass (Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc) and para grass (Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf.). Correlations between real leaf area and dimensional parameters of leaf blade such as length along the main vein (L) and maximum width (W) perpendicular to the main axis were studied. Only the linear equations allowed a good leaf area estimate. It is suggested to opt for a simple linear equation involving respective products of length times maximum width considering linear coefficient equal to zero. Thus, B. subquadripara (SS) and B. mutica (SM) non destructive leaf blade area estimates may be performed by the following formulas: SS = 0.7719 (L x W) and SM = 0.7479 (L x W), with coefficients of determination (R(2)) of 0.9594 and 0.9408, respectively.

Desempenho de pontas de pulverização na deposição de gotas de pulverização na cultura do amendoim

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nozzles on spray droplet deposition in the peanut crop cultivar 'Runner IAC 886'. The study was conducted in the field, and the applications of treatments performed in the vegetative stage (V1) and reproductive (R2). It was used the Brilliant Blue FDC - 1 as tracer in water solution, at 500 ppm. The treatments consisted of seven spray nozzle XR 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)), TX-VK 6 (150L ha(-1)), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha-1), AI 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), AI11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)) e TJ60 11002 VS (150 e 200 L ha(-1)). It was used a randomized blocks design, with four replications. After application, plants were immediately collected, and washed in 100 mL of distilled water for posterior tracer quantification in spectrophotometer. The data had been adjusted a regression curve for Gompertz model. The results had evidenced that at low volumes of application the nozzle AI 110015 VS and TJ60 11002 VS, were the ones with best distribution uniformity of spray on plants of peanut cultivar 'Runner IAC 886' in the vegetative stage (V1) and reproductive (R2) respectively, and the largest deposits and higher percentage of failures in applications have been found in younger plants by comparing the growth stages of application, regardless of the spray nozzle and volume.

Efeito da deriva simulada de glyphosate em diferentes partes da planta de Eucalyptus grandis

The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of simulated drift of glyphoste on Eucalyptus grandis, through the application of low doses in different parts of the plant. The experimental design was a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments were glyphosate application at 0; 30; 60; 90 e 120 g a.e. ha(-1) of the commercial formulation Scout (R). Three forms of application were used: applying on leaf, on stem, and on the entire plant (leaf + stem). For leaf application, stems were covered with plastic ribbons to protect them from the solution; the same was made with plants that were sprayed on stems, covering leaf with plastic bag. The application was carried out in an armed stationary spray tips XR 11002 VS, with 183 KPa pressure in volume of 200 L ha(-1). The eucalyptus plants receiving applications in leaves and whole plant (leaves + stem) showing effects of intoxication are more intense about the plants that received the stem applications only. However, there may be increases in height growth and total dry mass of eucalyptus plants in applications of 30 g a.e. ha(-1) glyphosate.

Effects of Surface Hydration and Application Method on the Bond Strength of Self-Etching Adhesives to Dentin

The effect of application methods and dentin hydration on the bond strength of three self-etching adhesives (SEA) were evaluated; 195 extracted bovine incisors were used. The buccal surface was ground in order to expose the dentin, which remained 2-mm minimum thickness, measured by a thickness meter through an opening on the lingual surface. Adper Single Bond 2 (TM) was used for the control group. The SEA were applied following two modes of application: passive or active and two hydration states of the dentin surface-dry and wet. After light-curing, composite buildups were made using Grandio (TM) composite. The specimens were sectioned and tested with a microtensile bond strength test. The application method and the hydration state resulted in statistical differences (p = 0.000) making the values of active application for mu TBS to dentin higher than passive application. The wet surfaces showed higher mu TBS to dentin ratios than dry surfaces. There were no statistical differences in mu TBS among the SEA tested but there were differences regarding to control group.

Search for admixture of scalar top quarks in the t(t)over-bar lepton + jets final state at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for Higgs bosons decaying to tau(+)tau(-) pairs in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Measurement of spin correlation in t(t)over-bar production using dilepton final states

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)