The association of ACE gene D/I polymorphism with cardiovascular risk factors in a population from Rio de Janeiro

Our aim was to determine the frequencies of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene alleles D and I and any associations to cardiovascular risk factors in a population sample from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighty-four adults were selected consecutively during a 6-month period from a cohort subgroup of a previous large cross-sectional survey in Rio de Janeiro. Anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements, echocardiogram, albuminuria, glycemia, lipid profile, and ACE genotype and serum enzyme activity were determined. The frequency of the ACE*D and I alleles in the population under study, determined by PCR, was 0.59 and 0.41, respectively, and the frequencies of the DD, DI, and II genotypes were 0.33, 0.51, and 0.16, respectively. No association between hypertension and genotype was detected using the Kruskal-Wallis method. Mean plasma ACE activity (U/mL) in the DD (N = 28), DI (N = 45) and II (N = 13) groups was 43 (in males) and 52 (in females), 37 and 39, and 22 and 27, respectively; mean microalbuminuria (mg/dL) was 1.41 and 1.6, 0.85 and 0.9, and 0.6 and 0.63, respectively; mean HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) was 40 and 43, 37 and 45, and 41 and 49, respectively, and mean glucose (mg/dL) was 93 and 108, 107 and 98, and 85 and 124, respectively. A high level of ACE activity and albuminuria, and a low level of HDL cholesterol and glucose, were found to be associated with the DD genotype. Finally, the II genotype was found to be associated with variables related to glucose intolerance.

A transfer��ncia de tecnologia em cooperativas : estudo de casos de incubadoras no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: COPPE-UFRJ e CEFET-Campos

O presente trabalho �� uma pesquisa sobre a transfer��ncia de tecnologia em cooperativas desenvolvendo o estudo de casos de Incubadoras no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Coppe - UFRJ e CEFET - Campos. o objetivo da pesquisa �� investigar, compreender a din��mica das Incubadoras de cooperativas e busca identificar os fatores que viabilizam a efic��cia organizacional de cooperativas incubadas, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento em termos de autonomia de negocia����o. Os dados apresentados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas nas mencionadas Incubadoras. A an��lise dos dados corroborou a hip��tese inicial do estudo. A pesquisa de forma geral conduziu a recomenda����es e considera����es finais sobre a transfer��ncia de tecnologia em cooperativas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Viver e morrer nas ruas: um estudo sobre meninos e meninas de rua do Rio de Janeiro

Este �� um estudo sobre meninos e meninas que vivem e morrem nas ruas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa foi realizada com aproximadamente setenta crian��as e adolescentes, compondo dois grupos separados, e teve como objetivo primordial a busca de um conhecimento compreensivel sobre a vida e a vis��o de mundo que este segmento marginalizado da popula����o constr��i, tendo como referencial s��cio-cultural condi����es de mis��ria, adversidade e exclud��ncia. Para compor e dar sentido a essa vis��o, foram discutidas as diversas teorias sobre marginalidade. O quadro legalista e as solu����es cl��ssicas que s��o repetidamente apresentadas por setores da sociedade (internamentos em institui����es totais: sub-escolariza����o e subemprego). Diante do testemunho do fracasso dessas solu����es, fica a pergunta: por que se insiste na ado����o dessas medidas? Concluimos pela exist��ncia de uma viol��ncia multifacetada praticada pela sociedade e pelo Estado contra o segmento infantil que se convencionou rotular de meninos e meninas de rua: a viol��ncia f��sica, policialesca e paramilitar: a viol��ncia econ��mica, manifesta pela impossibilidade de acesso aos bens materiais e culturais conquistados pelo conjunto da sociedade brasileira: e a viol��ncia imposta por uma ideologia autorit��ria, discriminat��ria e segregacionista, que exclui igualmente essas crian��as do acesso aos mais elementares direitos da pessoa humana. Com esse estudo, pretendemos contribuir para a consolida����o de uma vis��o te��rica comprometida com a transforma����o dessa realidade, na busca de justi��a social e da constru����o de uma sociedade plural, na qual possam se expressar de forma livre e criativa, os segmentos da popula����o n��o-pertencentes ��s classes econ��mico e culturalmente hegem��nicas do pa��s.

Mobilidade urbana na regi��o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo dos ��ltimos 50 anos �� luz dos dias atuais

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, sob a ��tica das pol��ticas p��blicas aplicadas nas ��ltimas cinco d��cadas, a mobilidade urbana e o transporte p��blico na RMRJ. Ou seja, ser�� que a pol��tica de transporte p��blico, atrelada com a no����o de qualidade de vida, melhorou a viv��ncia do cidad��o fluminense, nas ��ltimas cinco d��cadas? Como os investimentos realizados pelo poder p��blico nos ��ltimos anos, assim como os que est��o sendo programados para o futuro, afetaram e ir��o afetar a vida da popula����o? Partindo deste princ��pio, ser��o realizadas entrevistas com autoridades p��blicas e especialistas, al��m de revis��o bibliogr��fica em documentos oficiais, artigos acad��micos e de jornal. No primeiro cap��tulo, ser�� explicada a metodologia aplicada por este trabalho, assim como a pergunta, e os motivos que levaram a escolha do tema. No segundo cap��tulo �� feita uma an��lise hol��stica sobre a mobilidade urbana, come��ando desde o seu conceito, passando pelo contexto hist��rico na RMRJ, as vantagens e desvantagens de cada modal de transporte p��blico e os debates que existem atualmente acerca do tema. No terceiro cap��tulo s��o revistas as entrevistas realizadas com gestores e especialistas no tema. Por fim, na conclus��o, �� proposto um modelo de mobilidade urbana, visando o melhor para a sociedade como um todo.

Epidemiologic Evaluation of Mandibular Fractures in the Rio de Janeiro High-Complexity Hospital

The aim of this study was to gather data on trauma etiology and mandibular fracture localization in patients who presented at the General Hospital of Nova Iguacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From March 2007 to December 2008, 95 patients with mandibular fracture were registered in a medical form, at the Bucomax-illofacial Surgery Department of the General Hospital of Nova Iguacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Concerning mandibular fracture etiology, 21.05% were caused by motorcycle accidents, followed by interpersonal violence without use of weapons (punches, kicks, bumps with the head, blows with the elbow, etc) (16.84%) and interpersonal violence with firearm (14.73%). It was found that 52.63% of the patients had a single fracture line. The most affected fracture area was the parasymphysis (26.02%), followed by the condyle (22.60%) and mandibular angle (18.49%). Concerning the injury area, 24.21% were directed to the mandibular symphysis, 22.17% of the patients did not remember the injury area, and 18.94% had multiple injuries. When the injury was directed to the symphysis, the result was more condyle fractures (11.64%), and injuries at the mandibular angle resulted in fractures at the angle itself (8.90%). The most common fracture cause was traffic accidents, mainly motorcycle accidents, and the most affected areas were the parasymphysis and the condyle. The mandible isolated fractures occurred in half of the cases. Motorcycle accidents resulted in more fractures in the parasymphysis area, and when the symphysis area is affected by injuries, the result is a higher percentage in condyle fractures.

As zonas de sombra da mem��ria: estudo sobre as sedi����es militares exaltadas no Rio de Janeiro de 1831

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Catalogo do Gabinete Portugu��s de Leitura no Rio de Janeiro organizado segundo o systema decimal de Melvil Dewey, pelo Dr. Benjamin Franklin Ramiz Galv��o.

Vol. 2 contains an alphabetical subject index.

Boletim bibliographico da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro.

Title varies slightly: 1951-67 called Boletim bibliografico.

Bionomics of Culex quinquefasciatus within urban areas of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate density, parity rates, daily survival and longevity of natural populations of Culex quinquefasciatus in three neighborhoods with distinct socio-economic and infrastructure profiles. METHODS: Mosquito collections of the Culex quinquefasciatus species were performed weekly during two four month periods, from August to November 2008 (spring) and March to June 2009 (fall), in a favela (slum), a suburban area and a middle class area of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Collections were performed with backpack aspirators, in 20 randomly selected houses in each area per week, during 15-20 minutes per house. Ovaries were removed from captured females and classified as initial, intermediary or final stage. Furthermore, females were dissected for determination of parity based on the condition of the tracheal system. Mosquito survival rate and longevity were estimated on a per month basis for each neighborhood. RESULTS: We collected a total of 2,062 Culex quinquefasciatus, but monthly vector density was not correlated with temperature and rainfall. We dissected the ovaries of 625 Culex quinquefasciatus, and overall, there was a higher proportion of nulliparous females during the dryer months, while gravid females were more frequent in rainy months. In the middle class neighborhood, the parity rate reached up to 93.75% with survivorship of 0.979. Lower parity and survival rates were obtained in the suburban area (as low as 36.4% parity and 0.711 daily survival). Up to 84.7% of Culex quinquefasciatus females could survive the eight day period needed to complete West Nile Virus incubation. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate of Culex quinquefasciatus varied significantly between the neighborhoods. This suggests that vectorial capacity and disease transmission risk may vary greatly between different urban areas, which is potentially useful information for vector control programs.

Water depth selection during foraging and efficiency in prey capture by the egrets Casmerodius albus and Egretta thula (Aves, Ardeidae) in an urban lagoon in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the water depth selection during foraging, the efficiency in prey capture, and the food items captured by Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Egretta thula (Molina, 1782). The work was conducted at an urban lagoon, Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Rio de Janeiro. Four transects were made each month (two in the morning and two in the afternoon) for six months. When the birds were detected foraging, the water depth and the types of prey captured were recorded. There was no significant relationship between the foraging efficiencies of the two species. However, they differed in relation to the water depth when foraging, and also in the food items captured. Casmerodius albus captured mainly fishes while Egretta thula captured mainly invertebrates. The results suggest that the differences in water depth when foraging and the food items captured allow a differential use of the food resources available by C. albus and E. thula at Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.

Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) of an urban park in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the high number of parks in Brazilian cities, they did not yet raise the interest of most zoologists, except for some surveys of birds and butterflies. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to inventory the bat species of Quinta da Boa Vista (QBV), a large (25 ha) urban park centrally located in densely populated Rio de Janeiro, which is Brazil's second largest metropolis; (ii) to compare the species richness observed in roosts with the richness recorded through mist netting in flight routes and near fruiting fig trees; and (iii) to analyze recaptures of bats marked in this park and recaptured in other sites and vice-versa. Sampling totaled 104 sampling nights resulting in 3,256 captures (including 133 recaptures) between April 1989 and December 2004. We also sampled roosts and received some specimens from park visitors and city workers. We documented 21 bat species, predominantly large frugivores. The number of expected species for this park was 24.0 �� 4.6, and the total sampled represented 87.5% of the expected. The recapture of bats marked in surrounding forest fragments and in QBV shows the importance of urban parks for the maintenance of bat diversity. Inspection of roosts produced two species that had not been captured with other methods. Sampling near fruiting fig trees did not differ in terms of richness from sampling carried out far from these trees or during their non-fruiting periods.

Urban expansion and tha environmental problem: a landscape approach in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil.

2008

Autochthonous horizontal transmission of a CRF02_AG strain revealed by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 diversity survey in a small city in inner state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil

As part of an ongoing study on the features of AIDS spread towards small cities and rural areas, we present a molecular survey of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) polymerase sequences recovered between 2004 and 2006 from 71 patients receiving care in the city of Saquarema, inner state of Rio de Janeiro. Phylogenetic reconstructions found the two prevalent lineages in the state (subtypes B [59 strains, 83.1%], F1 [6 strains; 8.4%], and BF1 recombinants [four strains; 5.6%]), as well as two (2.8%) CRF02_AG strains, which seems to be an emerging lineage in the capital. These CRF02_AG sequences were recovered from a married heterosexual couple who never traveled abroad, thus providing the first molecular evidence of autochthonous horizontal transmission of this lineage of major global importance. Also, three phylogenetic clusters of strains recovered from a total of 18.3% of the cohort were uncovered. Their close genetic relatedness suggests they were recovered from patients who probably took part in the same chain of viral spread. In conjunction with our previous surveys from inner Rio de Janeiro, these results suggest that although small cities harbor unique molecular features of HIV-1 infection, they also clearly reflect and may rapidly absorb the diversity recorded in large urban centers.

Bromeliad-inhabiting mosquitoes in an urban botanical garden of dengue endemic Rio de Janeiro - Are bromeliads productive habitats for the invasive vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus?

Immatures of both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have been found in water-holding bromeliad axils in Brazil. Removal of these plants or their treatment with insecticides in public and private gardens have been undertaken during dengue outbreaks in Brazil despite uncertainty as to their importance as productive habitats for dengue vectors. From March 2005-February 2006, we sampled 120 randomly selected bromeliads belonging to 10 species in a public garden less than 200 m from houses in a dengue-endemic neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro. A total of 2,816 mosquito larvae and pupae was collected, with an average of 5.87 immatures per plant per collection. Culex (Microculex) pleuristriatus and Culex spp of the Ocellatus Group were the most abundant culicid species, found in all species of bromeliads; next in relative abundance were species of the genus Wyeomyia. Only two individuals of Ae. aegypti (0.07%) and five of Ae. albopictus(0.18%) were collected from bromeliads. By contrast, immatures of Ae. aegypti were found in manmade containers in nearly 5% of nearby houses. These results demonstrate that bromeliads are not important producers of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and, hence, should not be a focus for dengue control. However, the results of this study of only one year in a single area may not represent outcomes in other urban localities where bromeliads, Ae. aegypti and dengue coincide in more disturbed habitats.

La culture comme ressource : des groupes musicaux populaires au sein du processus de r��am��nagement urbain �� Rio de Janeiro

Ce projet de ma��trise porte sur l���interaction entre les acteurs locaux li��s �� la musique populaire et l���administration publique dans le cadre du projet public-priv�� de r��am��nagement du port de Rio de Janeiro intitul�� Porto Maravilha. Le travail de recherche s���est ax�� sur l���id��e que cette interaction serait essentiellement fond��e sur la fa��on dont la ���culture��� est comprise et utilis��e comme ressource capable d���ajouter de la valeur �� l���espace urbain, diff��rencier les groupes entre eux et apporter une sustentation au processus d���autonomisation et de l��gitimation des acteurs. De nouveaux paradigmes urbanistiques, tel celui de ���ville cr��ative��� (Landry, 2005), proposent d���int��grer la culture locale dans l�����laboration et l���ex��cution des projets avec la participation d���artistes qui sont per��us comme une source de cr��ativit�� fondamentale pour rendre la ville plus comp��titive dans un monde devenu de plus en plus urbain. Dans cette veine, le projet Porto Maravilha s���inspire franchement des cas de succ��s de r��novation urbaine cr��ative, stimulant la culture locale et id��alisant le port de Rio comme une ���nouvelle carte postale du Br��sil���. En partant de la constatation que les acteurs sociaux locaux identifient le potentiel de leurs activit��s culturelles comme une ressource importante dans ce contexte, nous analysons tout autant les strat��gies et les discours ��labor��s que les ressources dont ils disposent afin d���affirmer leur agentivit��. Au-del�� de l���action intentionnelle, nous effectuons ��galement des analyses de leurs pratiques culturelles au quotidien en recherchant les ��l��ments qui les constituent. Nous questionnons, par ailleurs, la mani��re avec laquelle les administrateurs du projet comprennent ces activit��s musicales et comment ils g��rent les demandes sociales et les contributions cr��atives de ces groupes.