973 resultados para Unstructured content search
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Neste trabalho, explora-se o modo como a compreenso e o desempenho dos papis de gnero se relacionam s ocorrncias de violncia (fsica, psicolgica e sexual) dos maridos contra as esposas. Quatro mulheres que apresentaram queixa na Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher contra as agresses fsicas perpetradas por seus parceiros e que conviviam com eles foram entrevistadas utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista, que recolheu dados pessoais e informaes a respeito das concepes sobre homem, mulher e relacionamento conjugal/afetivo. As entrevistas foram processadas pelo software Alceste, sendo a Anlise de Contedo utilizada para complementar a anlise. Os dados revelam a coexistncia de concepes tradicionais de gnero com aes de insubordinao dessas mulheres (trabalho assalariado, amizades, questionamento da vida sexual). Esses aspectos, sinalizadores do empoderamento das mulheres, relacionam-se agressividade dos parceiros que, excludos dos debates feministas e buscando proteger sua masculinidade, usam a violncia para suprimir as manifestaes femininas de poder.
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O objetivo dessa pesquisa : Compreender os aspectos simblicas que se relacionam com a motivao no trabalho voluntrio na Associao de Voluntrios da APAE de Venda Nova do Imigrante - AVAPAE. Para isso, os investigadores apoiam-se na relevncia de se estudar as organizaes atravs de abordagens que envolvem a problemtica do estudo do simbolismo com intuito de entender as organizaes por caminhos diferentes s teorias organizacionais dominantes, como o funcionalismo. O simbolismo organizacional (MORGAN; FROST; PONDY, 1983; GIOIA, 1986; CARRIERI, 2007) compreendido como uma teoria organizacional, e o paradigma interpretativo (MORGAN; FROST; PONDY,1983) est posicionado como uma importante abordagem na busca por entender tantos os aspectos formais como os aspectos informais de uma organizao. A Teoria das Representaes Sociais (MOSCOVICI, 2003) foi adotada como base para investigar essas interpretaes em uma organizao, com o intuito de alar uma anlise mais aprofundada da vida cotidiana e dos aspectos simblicos que constroem esse cotidiano, a partir da aplicao da anlise de contedo (BARDIN, 1977). O entendimento do que motiva o voluntrio a exercer sua atividade foi ancorado na construo social dessa realidade (BERGER; LUCKMANN, 1985) estudada, que se baseia na representao do fenmeno motivao do trabalho pela abordagem da subjetividade (REY, 2003) do indivduo em relao ao seu ambiente de trabalho. A pesquisa pde chegar a resultados atravs de uma anlise interpretativa simblica, em um entendimento de que a realidade da AVAPAE se mostrou complexa e subjetiva, levando identificao de uma relevante influncia da construo simblica da cidade em que a AVAPAE atua, Venda Nova do Imigrante. Assim, a partir desse diagnstico se evidenciou a interferncia dos valores do cidado vendanovense enquanto produto e produtor dos simbolismos que envolvem o voluntariado. Como contribuio final deste trabalho, defende-se que os caminhos para tratar dessas questes devem considerar a subjetividade que as permeia como um sistema aberto, em uma expresso constante da ao do indivduo e do contexto social em que ele vive, sendo essa relao uma troca contnua por meio das relaes simblicas vivenciadas pelo ator social e o grupo em que convive.
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This article is published online with Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License.
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A busca pela melhoria da qualidade de vida e a procura por alimentos naturais e funcionais so crescentes. A incorporao de prebiticos e corantes naturais pode agregar valor ao produto, por serem capazes de melhorar sua qualidade e por apresentarem grandes atrativos tecnolgicos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adio de prebiticos (inulina e oligofrutose) e corante natural (extrato de casca de jabuticaba) nas caractersticas de queijo petit suisse. Foi realizada anlise da composio fsico-qumica (extrato seco total, cinzas, protenas, lipdeos, carboidratos e acidez titulvel) logo aps o processamento, anlise do pH, colorimetria, teor de compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), anlise do teor de fibras alimentares da formulao de queijo petit suisse com maior atividade antioxidante ao final da vida de prateleira e anlises microbiolgica e sensorial. O queijo petit suisse elaborado foi dividido em cinco formulaes, de acordo com a concentrao de corante natural incorporado, que foram 0%, 1,5%, 2,0%, 2,5% e 3,0%. Os dados obtidos com as anlises realizadas logo aps o processamento e anlise sensorial foram submetidos anlise de varincia e teste de Tukey, os dados obtidos com as anlises realizadas em diferentes tempos de armazenamento foram submetidos anlise de varincia e estudo do comportamento cintico, e a anlise de fibras e microbiolgica foi analisada por meio de estatstica descritiva. Os valores de extrato seco total, protenas, lipdeos, cinzas e carboidrato no diferiram significativamente (p>0,05) entre as formulaes. A formulao sem adio de corante natural apresentou menor acidez (p0,05), e com o aumento da concentrao de corante natural, maior foi a acidez do queijo. Os teores de antocianinas, fenlicos totais e capacidade antioxidante foram maiores com o aumento da concentrao de corante incorporado, sendo que o teor de antocianinas reduziu com o decorrer do tempo de armazenamento. O valor encontrado de fibras para a formulao contendo 3,0% de corante natural foi baixo, e o produto no apresentou alegao de propriedade funcional. A fim de verificar se o queijo estava prprio para o consumo, foi realizada anlise microbiolgica para coliformes termotolerantes, estando todas as formulaes de queijo petit suisse em condies sanitrias satisfatrias. A anlise sensorial foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa foi realizado teste de aceitao com avaliao dos atributos cor, sabor, consistncia e impresso global, e inteno de compra para todas as formulaes com incorporao de corante natural. Na segunda etapa foi realizado o teste de aceitao com informao nutricional do produto para a amostra mais aceita na primeira etapa. Como resultado, foi observado que o atributo cor foi o nico que apresentou diferena significativa (p0,05) entre as formulaes, sendo as mais aceitas com concentrao 2,5% e 3,0%. De forma geral, todas as formulaes foram bem aceitas, porm, a formulao com maior adio de corante natural foi a que xiii apresentou maiores notas. Assim, o queijo com maior concentrao de corante natural foi o utilizado na segunda etapa sensorial, sendo observada influncia das informaes nos atributos cor e consistncia (p0,05). Dessa forma, a utilizao de prebiticos e corante natural de casca de jabuticaba em queijo petit suisse foi vivel por no alterar a composio centesimal do produto, alm de conferir ao produto uma colorao atrativa.
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A mudana no mercado global do petrleo nos ltimos anos, com o declnio das reservas de leo leve, tm forado a busca por novos campos petrolferos em ambientes mais remotos, como nos campos localizados na camada pr-sal, e a explorao de leos pesados que possuem elevado teor de cidos naftnicos. Isso acarreta em grandes desafios para a previso do desempenho de materiais frente s novas condies ambientais em que esto inseridos. No presente trabalho, o comportamento da corroso do ao carbono AISI 1010 e do ao inoxidvel AISI 316L foi estudado em solues aquosas com elevado teor de cloreto e em soluo de cido naftnico ciclopentanico a fim de ter melhor entendimento da ao dessas espcies no processo de corroso e simular a corroso pela gua de produo na indstria petrolfera. Foram aplicadas as tcnicas de potencial de circuito aberto, polarizao potenciodinmica, voltametria cclica, espectroscopia de impedncia eletroqumica, espectroscopia Raman, microscopia eletrnica de varredura e microscopia de fora atmica, usadas, em cada caso, de acordo com a convenincia. O aumento da [Cl-] na faixa de 1,22,8 mol.L-1 no altera os processos catdicos e andicos perto do Ecorr para os aos AISI 1010 e AISI 316L. Em condies de sobrepotenciais afastados do Ecorr, o aumento de [Cl-] aumenta os processos oxidativos de corroso, o que expresso pelas maiores densidades de corrente e carga andica e aumento da perda de massa sofrida pelos eletrodos de ambos os aos. Portanto, os danos da corroso so mais intensos quando se aumenta a [Cl-]. O ao AISI 1010 ativo nas solues de NaCl e a corroso se propaga livremente de forma uniforme. Para o ao AISI 316L, uma ampla faixa de passividade pode ser vista nas solues de NaCl; no Epit ocorre a ruptura do filme passivo e o crescimento de pites estveis. Aps 24 h de imerso em solues de sulfato de sdio (branco) e de cido naftnico ciclopentanico ocorre crescimento de filme de xido e as fases -Fe2O3, Fe3O4 e -FeO(OH) foram identificadas nos espcimes de ao AISI 1010 e Fe3O4 foi identificado nos defeitos do filme prvio presente na superfcie do ao AISI 316L. Os filmes formados em soluo de cido ciclopentanico possuem menor resistncia polarizao, maior rugosidade e maior taxa de corroso quando comparado aos filmes crescidos na soluo branco, para ambos os aos. A presena do cido naftnico muda a forma como a reao de corroso se procede e contribui para o aumento da corroso. A corroso naftnica foi mais pronunciada no ao carbono porque a presena dos elementos de liga no ao inox reduzem o nmero de stios ativos ricos em Fe e tornam menos oportuna a ligao do Fe com o naftenato.
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The chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) is widely used to estimate chlorophyll content, but non-uniform chloroplast distribution can affect its accuracy. This study aimed to assess the effect of photon fluence (F, irradiance x time of illumination) in leaves with different chlorophyll content and determine the effect of chlorophyll a/b on SPAD values of four tropical tree species (Croton draconoides Mll. Arg., Hevea guianensis Aubl., Hymenaea courbaril L. and Matisia cordata H.B.K.). There were also determined calibration equations for the chlorophyll meter and assessed the effect of F on SPAD values between 07:00 h and 17:00 h. Calibration equations were obtained after determining leaf chlorophyll content in the laboratory. Increases in F with time caused a reduction in SPAD values in species with a high chlorophyll content, with reductions of 20% in M. cordata and 10% in H. guianensis. Leaves of C. draconoides and H. courbaril had lower chlorophyll content and showed no changes in SPAD values with increase in F. The chlorophyll a/b ratio increased with SPAD values and the SPAD/chlorophyll relationship was best described by an exponential equation. It seems that F may affect SPAD values in leaves with high chlorophyll content, probably due to non-uniform chloroplast distribution at high irradiance. This indicates that SPAD values tend to be more accurate if recorded early in morning when irradiance is low.
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As with any variety of rice, red rice characteristics are subject to varietal differences, growing conditions, types of processing, and nutritional and rheological properties. This study determined the nutritional characteristics (centesimal composition and minerals) and paste viscosity properties of raw grains of four red rice genotypes (Tradicional MNAPB0405, MNACE0501 and MNACH0501) and the paste viscosity properties of pre-gelatinized flours obtained at different cooking times (20, 30 and 40 min). The main nutritional properties were correlated with the pasting properties of the pre-gelatinized flours. The samples showed differences in nutritional properties and paste viscosity. MNAPB0405 and MNACE0501 showed higher levels of fiber and fat and provided higher caloric energy than Tradicional and MNACH0501, which, in turn, showed higher levels of amylose. MNACH0501 showed higher peak viscosity (2402 cP), higher breakdown viscosity (696 cP) and a greater tendency to retrogradation (1510 cP), while Tradicional, MNAPB0405 and MNACE0501 had pasting profiles with peak viscosities varying between 855 and 1093 cP, breaking viscosity below 85 cP and retrogradation tendency between 376 and 1206 cP. The factors genotype and cooking time influenced the rheological behavior of pre-gelatinized flours, decreasing their pasting properties. The protein and amylose levels are correlated with the pasting properties and can be used as indicators of these properties in different genotypes of red rice, whether raw or processed into pre-gelatinized flours.
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The variation of the physical properties of four differ- ent carbon nanobers (CNFs), based-polymer nano- composites incorporated in the same polypropylene (PP) matrix by twin-screw extrusion process was investigated. Nanocomposites fabricated with CNFs with highly graphitic outer layer revealed electrical isolation-to-conducting behaviors as function of CNFs content. Nanocomposites fabricated with CNFs with an outer layer consisting on a disordered pyro- litically stripped layer, in contrast, revealed better mechanical performance and enhanced thermal sta- bility. Further, CNFs incorporation into the polymer increased the thermal stability and the degree of crystallinity of the polymer, independently on the ller content and type. In addition, dispersion of the CNFs clusters in PP was analyzed by transmitted light opti- cal microscopy, and grayscale analysis (GSA). The results showed a correlation between the ller concentration and the variance, a parameter which measures quantitatively the dispersion, for all composites. This method indicated a value of 1.4 vol% above which large clusters of CNFs cannot be dispersed effectively and as a consequence only slight changes in mechanical performance are observed. Finally, this study establishes that for tailoring the physical properties of CNF based-polymer nanocomposites, both adequate CNFs structure and content have to be chosen.
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Poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun membranes have been prepared with different NaY zeolite contents up to 32%wt. Inclusion of zeolites induces an increase of average fiber size from ~200 nm in the pure polymer up to ~500 nm in the composite with 16%wt zeolite content. For higher filler contents, a wider distribution of fibers occurs leading to a broader size distributions between the previous fiber size values. Hydrophobicity of the membranes increases from ~115 water contact angle to ~128 with the addition of the filler and is independent on filler content, indicating a wrapping of the zeolite by the polymer. The water contact angle further increases with fiber alignment up to ~137. Electrospun membranes are formed with ~80 % of the polymer crystalline phase in the electroactive phase, independently on the electrospinning processing conditions or filler content. Viability of MC3T3-E1 cells on the composite membranes after 72 h of cell culture indicates the suitability of the membranes for tissue engineering applications.
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Morpho-physiological characteristics and chemical composition are directly related to superior competitive ability of crops. This study intended to make a comparative analysis of dry matter production, leaf area and amount of epicuticular wax of three species of Sida spp: S. urens L., S. rhombifolia L. and S. spinosa L. Plants were collected at three growth stages: V1: stage described as up to 10 fully expanded leaves; V2: between 11 leaves and flowering; and R: after flowering. At stages V2 and R, the highest number of leaves was recorded for S. rhombifolia, followed by S. spinosa at V2 and S. urens at R. These results were relatively proportional to leaf area for all species. S. spinosa at the vegetative stage produced the highest values of specific leaf area (SLA), with no significant differences between species at the stage R. The amount of wax per unit of leaf area between species at the same developmental stage was significantly different only at the reproductive stage, where S. spinosa produced 23.18 and 6.23 fold more wax than S. urens and S. rhombifolia respectively. Between the growth stages of each species, there was decrease in the amount of wax with plant age and increase in leaf area (AFE), number of leaves and dry matter. The leaves of the Sida species exhibit different characteristics and this information can be used to optimize the use of herbicides in the control of these weeds.
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The production of medicinal plants as raw material for industry must associate quality with biomass formation and, with this purpose, the application of plant growth regulators has been studied in these crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant on growth, inflorescence production and flavonoid content in marigold. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the treatments consisted of increasing doses of the biostimulant (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mL L-1) applied by foliar spraying in ten consecutive applications. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and ten repetitions. The number of leaves and flowerheads and dry matter of roots increased linearly with increasing doses of the growth promoter, with 20%, 36.97% and 97.28% increases, respectively, compared with the control. The total dry mass and shoot dry mass showed maximum values at the highest dose tested of 15 mL L-1 (with increases of 40.09% and 46.30%, respectively). Plant height and flavonoid content reached the highest values at a dose of 6 mL L-1. The biostimulant promoted the development of marigold and positively influenced the synthesis of the secondary compound of medicinal interest. Among the tested doses, the application of rates between 6 and 9 mL L-1 of the biostimulant is recommended for more efficient large-scale production of marigold.
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Light and soil water availability may limit carbon uptake of trees in tropical rainforests. The objective of this work was to determine how photosynthetic traits of juvenile trees respond to variations in rainfall seasonality, leaf nutrient content, and opening of the forest canopy. The correlation between leaf nutrient content and annual growth rate of saplings was also assessed. In a terra firme rainforest of the central Amazon, leaf nutrient content and gas exchange parameters were measured in five sapling tree species in the dry and rainy season of 2008. Sapling growth was measured in 2008 and 2009. Rainfall seasonality led to variations in soil water content, but it did not affect leaf gas exchange parameters. Subtle changes in the canopy opening affected CO2 saturated photosynthesis (A pot, p = 0.04). Although A pot was affected by leaf nutrient content (as follows: P > Mg > Ca > N > K), the relative growth rate of saplings correlated solely with leaf P content (r = 0.52, p = 0.003). At present, reduction in soil water content during the dry season does not seem to be strong enough to cause any effect on photosynthesis of saplings in central Amazonia. This study shows that leaf P content is positively correlated with sapling growth in the central Amazon. Therefore, the positive effect of atmospheric CO2 fertilization on long-term tree growth will depend on the ability of trees to absorb additional amount of P
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The essay analises Sir Walter Raleigh's report (1595) of his search for Guiana, as well as his reflection on the New World and its inhabitants, which is, in many aspects, different from his contemporaries.
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The reaction of nine vector species of Chagas' disease to infection by seven different Trypanosoma cruzi strains; Berenice, Y, FL, CL, S. Felipe, Colombiana and Gvea, are examined and compared. On the basis of the insects' ability to establish and maintain the infection, vector species could be divided into two distinct groups which differ in their reaction to an acute infection by T. cruzi. While the proportion of positive bugs was found to be low in Triatoma infestans and Triatoma dimidiata it was high, ranging from 96.9% to 100% in the group of wild (Rhodnius neglectus, Triatoma rubrovaria)and essentially sylvatic vectors in process of adaptation to human dwellings, maintained under control following successful insecticidal elimination of Triatoma infestans (Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma sordida and Triatoma pseudomaculata). An intermediate position is held by Triatoma brasiliensis and Rhodnius prolixus. This latter has been found to interchange between domestic and sylvatic environments. The most important finding is the strikingly good reaction between each species of the sylvatic bugs and practically all T. cruzi strains herein studied, thus indicating that the factors responsible for the excellent reaction of P.megistus to infection by Y strain, as previously reported also come into operation in the reaction of the same vector species to acute infections by five of the remaining T.cruzi strains. Comparison or data reported by other investigators with those herein described form the basis of the discussion of Dipetalogaster maximus as regards its superiority as a xenodiagnostic agent.
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The deposition of amyloid fibers at the peripheral nervous system can induce motor neuropathy in Familial Amiloidotic Polyneuropethy (FAP) patients. This produces progressive reductions in functional capacity. The only treatment for FAP is a liver transplant, followed by aggressive medication that can affect patients' metabolism. To our knowledge, there are no data on body fat distribution or comparison between healthy and FAP subjects, which may be important for clinical assessment and management of this disease. PURPOSE: To analyze body fat content and distribution between FAP patients and healthy subjects. METHODS: Body fat content and distribution were measured through Double Energy X-ray Densitometry (DXA) in two groups. Group 1 consisted of 43 Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy patients (19 males, 32 + 8 Yrs, and 24 females, 37 + 5 yrs), who had liver transplant less than 2 months before. Group 2 consisted of 18 healthy subjects of similar age (8 males, 36 + 7 yrs, and 10 females, 39 + 5 yrs). RESULTS: Healthy subjects showed higher values than FAP patients for: BMI (24,2+2,3kg/m2 vs 22,3+3,8 kg/m2 respectively, p<0,05), % trunk BF (26,21+8,34kg vs 20,78+9,05kg respectively, p<0,05), % visceral BF (24,43+7,97% vs 19,21+9,30% respectively, p<0,05), % abdominal BF (26,63+8,51% vs 20,63+10,35% respectively, p<0,05) abdominal subcutaneous BF (0,533+0,421kg vs 0,353+0,257kg respectively, p=0,05), abdominal BF/BF ratio (0,09+0,02 vs 0,08+0,02 respectively, p<0,05) and abdominal BF/trunk BF ratio (0,19+0,03 vs 0,17+0,03 respectively, p<0,05). CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that FAP patients soon after liver transplantation exhibited a healthier body fat profile compared to controls. However, fat content and distribution varied widely in FAP subjects, suggesting an individualized approach for assessment and intervention rather than general guidelines. Future research is needed to investigate the long term consequences on body fat following liver transplant in this population.
