Multigrade teaching in primary education as a promising pedagogy for teacher education in Austria and Finland

This chapter focuses on teaching practices used in multigrade classes and the importance of them being incorporated in teacher education as promising pedagogies for future use. Multigrade classes - defined as classes in which two or more grades are taught together - are common worldwide. Hence, there is a need for teacher candidates to become familiar with how to teach in split grade classrooms. However, research on multigrade teaching as well as its development in teacher education studies has been neglected, even though multigrade teachers need special skills to organize instruction in their heterogeneous classrooms. We argue that in successful multigrade teaching practices, the heterogeneity of students is taken into account and cultivated. Based on content analysis of teacher interviews conducted in Austrian and Finnish primary schools, we recommend teaching practices such as spiral curricula, working plans, and peer learning as promising teacher education pedagogies for future multigrade class teaching. We also suggest that the professional skills required in high-quality teaching practices in multigrade teaching should be further studied by researchers and educators.

Regia sententia lata inter partes Regii Fisci Procuratoris et Iacobi Calbo alterius ex administratoribus conductionis impositionis vini, & aliorum iurium, vulgo del General del entrada, agentium et Iosephi Gomez Vale[n]tin proxonetae rei criminaliter co[n]uenti ...

Segun Gutiérrez del Caño, p. 673, Silvestre Esparsa imprimió entre 1628 y 1660

La pedagogía del criterio desobediente/Pedagogy of Disobedient Criteria

Artículo de crítica de la arquitectura y la aplicación de ésta a la docencia de proyectos arquitectónicos.

The influence of the sample introduction system on signals of different tin compounds in inductively coupled plasma-based techniques

The influence of the sample introduction system on the signals obtained with different tin compounds in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) based techniques, i.e., ICP atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) has been studied. Signals for test solutions prepared from four different tin compounds (i.e., tin tetrachloride, monobutyltin, dibutyltin and di-tert-butyltin) in different solvents (methanol 0.8% (w/w), i-propanol 0.8% (w/w) and various acid matrices) have been measured by ICP–AES and ICP–MS. The results demonstrate a noticeable influence of the volatility of the tin compounds on their signals measured with both techniques. Thus, in agreement with the compound volatility, the highest signals are obtained for tin tetrachloride followed by di-tert-butyltin/monobutyltin and dibutyltin. The sample introduction system exerts an important effect on the amount of solution loading the plasma and, hence, on the relative signals afforded by the tin compounds in ICP–based techniques. Thus, when working with a pneumatic concentric nebulizer, the use of spray chambers affording high solvent transport efficiency to the plasma (such as cyclonic and single pass) or high spray chamber temperatures is recommended to minimize the influence of the tin chemical compound. Nevertheless, even when using the conventional pneumatic nebulizer coupled to the best spray chamber design (i.e., a single pass spray chamber), signals obtained for di-tert-butyltin/monobutyltin and dibutyltin are still around 10% and 30% lower than the corresponding signal for tin tetrachloride, respectively. When operating with a pneumatic microconcentric nebulizer coupled to a 50 °C-thermostated cinnabar spray chamber, all studied organotin compounds provided similar emission signals although about 60% lower than those obtained for tin tetrachloride. The use of an ultrasonic nebulizer coupled to a desolvation device provides the largest differences in the emission signals, among all tested systems.

Fundamentals of pedagogy; a textbook for Catholic teachers,

Bibliography: p. 257-262.

Bismuth, lead, and tin tellurides : a literature search /

A total of 699 references are included to journal articles and reports dealing with properties of bismuth, lead, and tin tellurides. The references are arranged by sujbect. Author and report-number indexes are included.

Moral pedagogy /

"Reprinted from November, 1913, Education."

A descriptive account of the several processes which are usually pursued in the manufacture of the article known in commerce by the name of tin-plate /

Printed by the executors of S. Russell, Manchester.