Acciaio COR-TEN esposto in ambiente urbano-costiero: studio del rilascio di metalli di lega

Il Cor-Ten è un acciaio micro-legato, detto anche acciaio patinabile, che garantisce una buona resistenza alla corrosione da agenti atmosferici. Proprio grazie a questa sua peculiare caratteristica sta conoscendo un vasto impiego in particolare nel campo dell’edilizia e delle infrastrutture. La corrosione infatti interessa tutti i settori produttivi e non, provocando ingenti danni economici. Stime effettuate negli ultimi 40anni da diversi enti internazionali indicano che l’entità di questi danni, pur variando da settore a settore, risulta compresa per i paesi industrializzati tra il 3 e il 4% del PIL. Da questi dati si evince la necessità di proteggere i materiali dalla corrosione; in genere per questo scopo si ricorre a trattamenti superficiali o a rivestimenti protettivi. Queste tecniche non rappresentano però l’unica strada, è possibile infatti agire sulla composizione della lega, come nel caso del Cor-Ten, in modo che l’interazione metallo-ambiente porti alla formazione di una patina protettiva di prodotti di corrosione relativamente stabili. La formazione di questo strato, cosiddetto passivante, protegge il metallo da un’ulteriore attacco corrosivo. Scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è studiare il comportamento di questo materiale in ambiente urbano-costiero in tre differenti stati di finitura in cui è commercialmente disponibile: grezzo, pre-patinato e pre-patinato cerato, focalizzando l’attenzione sugli aspetti ambientali legati al suo utilizzo e cercando di valutare in particolare il rilascio dei metalli di lega nell’ambiente, aspetto fino ad ora non considerato in letteratura. I risultati ottenuti indicano che sembrerebbe preferibile l’utilizzo del materiale grezzo rispetto ai pre-patinati, almeno per quanto riguarda il rilascio di metalli in ambiente. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti è possibile fornire una stima, per i tre stati di finitura di Cor-Ten A considerati, del quantitativo totale (solubile + estraibile) dei metalli rilasciati in ambiente nei sette mesi di esposizione durante la stagione primaverile-estiva della sperimentazione condotta in questo studio. La quantità rilasciata stimata per il Fe oscilla tra i 0,5 g/m2 per i provini light e i 0,7 g/m2 per i provini dark e grezzi, per il Ni il range è compreso tra i 3,6 mg/m2 dei provini grezzi e i 5 mg/m2 per i light, nel caso del Mn il quantitativo varia dai 6,8 mg/m2 per i light ai 10 mg/m2 per i grezzi. Per il Cr la stima per i provini pre-patinati è simile e si attesta intorno a 1,7 mg/m2, risultando minore (anche se in maniera non rilevate) per i grezzi.

Corrosione atmosferica in area urbana-costiera di un acciaio Cor-Ten: studio del rilascio in ambiente dei metalli di lega

Cor-Ten is a particular kind of steel, belonging to low-alloyed steel; thanks to his aesthetic features and resistance to atmospheric corrosion, this material is largely used in architectural, artistic and infrastructural applications. After environmental exposure, Cor-Ten steel exhibits the characteristic ability to self-protect from corrosion, by the development of a stable and adherent protective layer. However, some environmental factors can influence the formation and stability of the patina. In particular, exposure of Cor-Ten to polluted atmosphere (NOx, SOx, O3) or coastal areas (marine spray) may cause problems to the protective layer and, as a consequence, a release of alloying metals, which can accumulate near the structures. Some of these metals, such as Cr and Ni, could be very dangerous for soils and water because of their large toxicity. The aim of this work was to study the corrosion behavior of Cor-Ten exposed to an urban-coastal site (Rimini, Italy). Three different kinds of commercial surface finish (bare and pre-patinated, with or without a beeswax covering) were examined, both in sheltered and unsheltered exposure conditions. Wet deposition brushing the specimens surface (leaching solutions) are monthly collected and analyzed to evaluate the extent of metal release and the form in which they leave the surface, for example, as water-soluble compounds or non-adherent corrosion products. Five alloying metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn and Ni) and nine ions (Cl-, NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, NH4+) are determined through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Ion Chromatography, respectively. Furthermore, the evolution and the behaviour of the patina are periodically followed by surface investigations (SEM-EDS and Raman Spectroscopy). After two years of exposure, the results show that Bare Cor-Ten, cheaper than the other analyzed specimens, even though undergoes the greater mass variation, his metal release is comparable to the release of the pre-patinated samples. The behavior of pre-patinated steel, with or without beeswax covering, do not show particular difference. This exposure environment doesn’t allow a completely stabilization of the patina; nevertheless an estimate of metal release after 10 years of exposure points out that the environmental impact of Cor-Ten is very low: for example, the release of chromium in the soluble fraction is less than 10 mg if we consider an exposed wall of 10 m2.

Traduzione di ten' oblaka na drugom beregu di zachar prilepin

Questa è la traduzione dal russo all'italiano del racconto "Ten' oblaka na drugom beregu" (L'ombra di una nuvola sull'altra riva), parte della raccolta di racconti "Vos'merka" dello scrittore Zachar Prilepin, una delle figure di maggior spicco nella scena letteraria russa contemporanea. La raccolta in questione non è mai stata tradotta verso l'italiano. Ho scelto questo racconto perché mi è sembrato particolarmente esemplificativo delle tematiche e del linguaggio dell'autore. Il mio lavoro include, oltre alla traduzione, anche un'introduzione, nella quale contestualizzo Prilepin all'interno del panorama letterario contemporaneo; e una nota alla traduzione, nella quale parlo più specificatamente di quel determinato racconto.

Ten-year results of a three-arm prospective cohort study on implants in periodontally compromised patients. Part 1: implant loss and radiographic bone loss

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of implants placed in patients treated for periodontitis periodontally compromised patients (PCP) and in periodontally healthy patients (PHP) in relation to adhesion to supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twelve partially edentulous patients were consecutively enrolled in private specialist practice and divided into three groups according to their initial periodontal condition: PHP, moderate PCP and severe PCP. Perio and implant treatment was carried out as needed. Solid screws (S), hollow screws (HS) and hollow cylinders (HC) were installed to support fixed prostheses, after successful completion of initial periodontal therapy (full-mouth plaque score <25% and full-mouth bleeding score <25%). At the end of treatment, patients were asked to follow an individualized SPT program. At 10 years, clinical measures and radiographic bone changes were recorded by two calibrated operators, blinded to the initial patient classification. RESULTS: Eleven patients were lost to follow-up. During the period of observation, 18 implants were removed because of biological complications. The implant survival rate was 96.6%, 92.8% and 90% for all implants and 98%, 94.2% and 90% for S-implants only, respectively, for PHP, moderate PCP and severe PCP. The mean bone loss was 0.75 (+/- 0.88) mm in PHP, 1.14 (+/- 1.11) mm in moderate PCP and 0.98 (+/- 1.22) mm in severe PCP, without any statistically significant difference. The percentage of sites, with bone loss > or =3 mm, was, respectively, 4.7% for PHP, 11.2% for moderate PCP and 15.1% for severe PCP, with a statistically significant difference between PHP and severe PCP (P<0.05). Lack of adhesion to SPT was correlated with a higher incidence of bone loss and implant loss. CONCLUSION: Patients with a history of periodontitis presented a lower survival rate and a statistically significantly higher number of sites with peri-implant bone loss. Furthermore, PCP, who did not completely adhere to the SPT, were found to present a higher implant failure rate. This underlines the value of the SPT in enhancing the long-term outcomes of implant therapy, particularly in subjects affected by periodontitis, in order to control reinfection and limit biological complications.

Ten-year comparison of pericardial tissue valves versus mechanical prostheses for aortic valve replacement in patients younger than 60 years of age

Aortic valve replacement using a tissue valve is controversial for patients younger than 60 years old. The long-term survival in this age group, the expected event rates during long-term follow-up, and valve-related complications are not clearly determined.

Damage control in severely injured trauma patients - A ten-year experience

This study reviews our 10-year institutional experience with damage control management and investigates risk factors for early mortality.

Ten years of meta-analyses on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in cancer patients

Since erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) were licensed in 1993, more than 70 randomized controlled trials and more than 20 meta-analyses and systematic reviews on their effectiveness were conducted. Here, we present a systematic review on the meta-analyses of trials evaluating ESAs in cancer patients.

Examining five- and ten-year survival in older women with breast cancer using cancer-specific geriatric assessment

To examine five- and ten-year survival based on cancer-specific geriatric assessment (C-SGA) in older women with early stage breast cancer.