Utopie de la littérature : la question littéraire dans l'oeuvre de Theodor W. Adorno

La thèse se propose d'étudier la question de la littérature dans l'oeuvre de Theodor W. Adorno. Elle fait apparaître la fonction utopique que le philosophe allemand attribue à la littérature en tant que celle-ci dessine l'horizon d'une « langue sans terre », ligne de fuite hors de la « Dialektik der Aufklàrung » et de l'autodestruction de la Raison. Tandis que le discours philosophique a sans cesse reproduit dans son appareil conceptuel la violence mythico- rationnelle à l'encontre du singulier non-identique, la langue littéraire semble en mesure d'indiquer la possibilité de parvenir par le concept au-delà du concept, ce qui constitue le désir utopique de la pensée comme dialectique négative. L'enjeu n'est pas seulement épistémique : il est bien éthico-politique, lié à la possibilité d'établir des rapports à l'autre libérés de la contrainte de l'identité.¦Dans les oeuvres littéraires dont il entreprend la lecture - qu'il s'agisse de celles d'Eichendorff, de Hôlderlin, de Proust, de Valéry, de Beckett ou encore de Kafka - Adorno ne cherche cependant pas une figure concrète de l'utopie, mais la trace de « ce qui nous appartient en propre et qui a été laissé en blanc» - aussi bien dans les textes que dans l'Histoire. La littérature porte alors en creux ce possible impossible dont la puissance hante le présent entre ses lignes ; elle est de la réconciliation ( Versôhnung) une image sans image, tout à la fois ressource de la critique radicale des conditions existantes et réserve du désir d'un autre à venir.¦A partir d'une esquisse du geste inaugural de l'utopie de la littérature dans le premier romantisme de Iéna, la thèse expose les enjeux philosophiques, esthétiques et politiques de la littérature dans la pensée adornienne, puis procède - et c'est là le coeur du travail - à une « lecture de lectures », à une traversée des essais qu'Adorno consacra, tout au long de sa vie, aux textes littéraires, pour trouver en ceux-ci les indices de l'utopie à l'oeuvre.

Säveleitä 1888: 8-19 Suomalainen Soitannollinen Kuukauslehti, 2. vsk. : Toim. P.J. Hannikainen - 31

Jyväskylä 1888

Ruokalista 1888-05-31

Helsinki 1888, Hufvudstadsblad'in kirjapaino

Säveleitä 1887-1888: Nuottiliite Suomalainen Soitannollinen Kuukauslehti : Toim. P.J. Hannikainen - 1

Jyväskylä 1887-1888

The snow storm of the 8th of March 2010 in Barcelona: a paradigmatic case

A heavy precipitation event swept over Catalonia (NE Spain) on 8 March 2010, with a total amount that ex- ceeded 100mm locally and snowfall of more than 60cm near the coast. Unusual for this region and at this time of the year, this snowfall event affected mainly the coastal region and was accompanied by thunderstorms and strong wind gusts in some areas. Most of the damage was due to"wet snow", a kind of snow that favours accretion on power lines and causes line-breaking and subsequent interruption of the electricity supply. This paper conducts an interdisciplinary analysis of the event to show its great societal impact and the role played by the recently developed social networks (it has been called the first"Snowfall 2.0"), as well to analyse the meteorologi- cal factors associated with the major damage, and to propose an indicator that could summarise them. With this aim, the paper introduces the event and its societal impact and com- pares it with other important snowfalls that have affected the Catalan coast, using the PRESSGAMA database. The sec- ond part of the paper shows the event"s main meteorological features and analyses the near-surface atmospheric variables responsible for the major damage through the application of the SAFRAN (Système d"analyse fournissant des renseigne- ments atmosphériques à la neige) mesoscale analysis, which, together with the proposed"wind, wet-snow index" (WWSI), allows to estimate the severity of the event. This snow storm provides further evidence of our vulnerability to natural haz- ards and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary ap- proach in analysing societal impact and the meteorological factors responsible for this kind of event.

The Mediterranean benthic herbivores show diverse responses to extreme storm disturbances

Catastrophic storms have been observed to be one of the major elements in shaping the standing structure of marine benthic ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the effect of catastrophic storms on ecosystem processes. Specifically, herbivory is the main control mechanism of macrophyte communities in the Mediterranean, with two main key herbivores: the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the fish Sarpa salpa. Consequently, the effects of extreme storm events on these two herbivores (at the population level and on their behaviour) may be critical for the functioning of the ecosystem. With the aim of filling this gap, we took advantage of two parallel studies that were conducted before, during and after an unexpected catastrophic storm event. Specifically, fish and sea urchin abundance were assessed before and after the storm in monitored fixed areas (one site for sea urchin assessment and 3 sites for fish visual transects). Additionally, we investigated the behavioural response to the disturbance of S. salpa fishes that had been tagged with acoustic transmitters. Given their low mobility, sea urchins were severely affected by the storm (ca. 50% losses) with higher losses in those patches with a higher density of sea urchins. This may be due to a limited availability of refuges within each patch. In contrast, fish abundance was not affected, as fish were able to move to protected areas (i.e. deeper) as a result of the high mobility of this species. Our results highlight that catastrophic storms differentially affect the two dominant macroherbivores of rocky macroalgal and seagrass systems due to differences in mobility and escaping strategies. This study emphasises that under catastrophic disturbances, the presence of different responses among the key herbivores of the system may be critical for the maintenance of the herbivory function.

Braving the Storm: How Are Global Biofuel Policies Sustained Despite Being Contested? An Analysis of the Biofuel Discourses of the EU, Brazil and Mozambique

Considered as a remedy to multiple problems that our world is facing, biofuels are nowadays promoted on a global scale. Despite this globalised approach, however, biofuels are heavily contested. Not only the social implications of biofuels are disputed and uncertain, particularly in countries of the global South, but also their environmental and economic rationales. Given these huge controversies, policies promoting biofuels would seem difficult to maintain. Yet, support for them has been surprisingly well established on the political agendas. With the aim of understanding this puzzle, this study asks how the dominant approach to biofuels has been sustained on a global level. In order to answer this question, the meanings and assumptions in biofuel discourses are explored through the lens of Maarten Hajer’s “argumentative” discourse analysis. Based on the existence of a “partnership for sustainable bioenergy” between the EU, Brazil and Mozambique, the study takes these three locations as case studies. The analysis reveals that various discursive strategies, including a particular problem construction and the use of two main story-lines, have played an important role in ensuring the permanence of the global approach to biofuels. Moreover, while the discourse of critics against biofuels demonstrates that there is room for contestation, the analysis finds that the opponents’ discourse largely fails to target the most salient justification for biofuels. A more effective strategy for critics would therefore be to also question the problem constructions underpinning this main justification in the global discourse.