Hezkuntza Sozioekologikoa / Desazkunderako Hezkuntza

Egungo krisi sozioekologiko orokor eta sistemikoari irtenbidea emateko hezkuntza halabeharrezko elementua da. Egoera jasangaitzetik iraunkortasunera eramango gaituen trantsizio sozioekologikoan lanabes baliagarria izan daiteke hezkuntza eremu formal eta ez-formalean garatzen den ingurumen hezkuntza. Gizarte modernoetako botere ekonomiko eta politikoek hazkunde ekonomiko iraunkorraren mesederako erabili dute ingurumen hezkuntzaren oinarria den garapen iraunkorra. Desazkunde mugimenduak etengabeko hazkunde hori auzitan jarri du oinarri teoriko argiak erabiliz, eta oinarri teoriko horiek dira ikerlan honek ingurumen hezkuntzara ekarri nahi lituzkeenak. Proposamen horren egokitasuna baloratzeko, hezkuntza formalean garatu diren bi proiektu herritarren oinarriak aztertuko dira metodologia kualitatibo bidez.

La reincidencia desde una perspectiva socio-jurídica

El presente documento, es un trabajo de fin de grado, del grado en criminología de la universidad del país vasco. El objetivo de este proyecto es analizar la reincidencia desde dos puntos de vista diferentes, y a la vez conectados entre sí; es decir analizar la reincidencia en los términos recogidos dentro del código penal, y analizarla en los aspectos más sociales. En ambos ámbitos, se recogerán las opiniones de diferentes autores para llegar a conclusiones por un lado penales, y por otro lado, mas sociales y generalizados. Es en este último apartado, donde se realizará una discusión con los resultados obtenidos de las entrevistas realizadas.

Extending the Bajo de Sico, Puerto Rico, Seasonal Closure: An Examination of Small-scale Fishermen’s Perceptions of Possible Socio-economic Impacts on Fishing Practices, Families, and Community

Despite considerable conservation efforts, many reef fish fisheries around the world continue to be in peril. Many are vulnerable to overexploitation because they have predictable and highly aggregated spawning events. In U.S. Caribbean waters, fishery managers are increasingly interested in advancing the use of closed areas as a means for rebuilding reef fisheries, protecting coral reef habitats, and furthering ecosystem-based management while maintaining the sustained participation of local fishing communities. This study details small-scale fishermen’s views on the Caribbean Fishery Management Council’s proposals to lengthen the current Bajo de Sico seasonal closure off the west coast of Puerto Rico to afford additional protection to snapper-grouper spawning populations and associated coral reef habitats. Drawing on snowball sampling techniques, we interviewed 65 small-scale fishermen who regularly operate in the Bajo de Sico area. Snowball sampling is a useful method to sample difficult-to-find populations. Our analysis revealed that the majority of the respondents opposed a longer seasonal closure in the Bajo de Sico area, believing that the existing 3-month closure afforded ample protection to reef fish spawning aggregations and that their gear did not impact deep-water corals in the area. Whilst fishermen’s opposition to additional regulations was anticipated, the magnitude of the socio-economic consequences described was unexpected. Fishermen estimated that a year round closure would cause their gross household income to fall between 10% and 80%, with an average drop of 48%. Our findings suggest that policy analysts and decision-makers should strive to better understand the cumulative impacts of regulations given the magnitude of the reported socio-economic impacts; and, more importantly, they should strive to enhance the existing mechanisms by which fishermen can contribute their knowledge and perspectives into the management process.