Uso combinado de sêmen sexado e acasalamento dirigido sobre uma população de bovinos de corte submetida a seleção: estudo de simulação

Desenvolveu-se um estudo de simulação estocástica com o objetivo de verificar as consequências do uso combinado de acasalamento dirigido e sêmen sexado em uma população de bovinos de corte sob seleção. Simularam-se seis gerações de seleção para três cenários de acasalamento e uso de sêmen sexado. O primeiro cenário foi caracterizado por acasalamento aleatório e uso exclusivo de sêmen convencional. O segundo cenário caracterizou-se pelo uso de acasalamento associativo positivo nas 40% melhores vacas e acasalamento associativo negativo nas demais, sem uso de sêmen sexado. O terceiro cenário seguiu o mesmo procedimento de acasalamento do segundo, combinando-o com uso de sêmen sexado nas vacas submetidas a acasalamento associativo positivo. O acasalamento associativo positivo teve maior impacto no progresso genético que o uso de sêmen sexado, apesar de ter aumentado a incidência de endogamia na população. O uso de acasalamento associativo negativo foi ineficiente em reduzir a variabilidade dos animais destinados ao abate. O uso combinado de acasalmento associativo positivo e sêmen sexado aumentou a produção de animais geneticamente superiores.

Proposição de um modelo para análise de fluxo de carga, curto-circuito e simulação de relés de produção

The objective of the present work is develop a model to simulate electrical energy networks in transient and stead states, using the software ATP (Alternative Transient Program), able to be a way to join two distinct themes, present in classical methodology planning networks: short circuit analysis and load flow theory. Beyond that, using a tool for relay simulation, this paper intend to use the new developed model to investigate the influence of transient phenomenon in operation of protection relays, and calibrate the enterprise's protections relays. For testing the model, some relays, actually, installed at COSERN were used

Ambiente de simulação híbrido integrando hysys e rede industrial Foundation Fieldbus aplicado ao controle de uma coluna de destilação

The main purpose of this work is to develop an environment that allows HYSYS R chemical process simulator communication with sensors and actuators from a Foundation Fieldbus industrial network. The environment is considered a hybrid resource since it has a real portion (industrial network) and a simulated one (process) with all measurement and control signals also real. It is possible to reproduce different industrial process dynamics without being required any physical network modification, enabling simulation of some situations that exist in a real industrial environment. This feature testifies the environment flexibility. In this work, a distillation column is simulated through HYSYS R with all its variables measured and controlled by Foundation Fieldbus devices

Análise de desempenho baseada em simulação de redes WirelessHART

This dissertation describes the implementation of a WirelessHART networks simulation module for the Network Simulator 3, aiming for the acceptance of both on the present context of networks research and industry. For validating the module were imeplemented tests for attenuation, packet error rate, information transfer success rate and battery duration per station

Desenvolvimento de software para simulação de motores com dispositivos de partida baseada na integração do atp com o toprede

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Simulação da transferência de calor em amostras aquecidas por plasma

The processing of materials through plasma has been growing enough in the last times in several technological applications, more specifically in surfaces treatment. That growth is due, mainly, to the great applicability of plasmas as energy source, where it assumes behavior thermal, chemical and/or physical. On the other hand, the multiplicity of simultaneous physical effects (thermal, chemical and physical interactions) present in plasmas increases the complexity for understanding their interaction with solids. In that sense, as an initial step for the development of that subject, the present work treats of the computational simulation of the heating and cooling processes of steel and copper samples immersed in a plasma atmosphere, by considering two experimental geometric configurations: hollow and plane cathode. In order to reach such goal, three computational models were developed in Fortran 90 language: an one-dimensional transient model (1D, t), a two-dimensional transient model (2D, t) and a two-dimensional transient model (2D, t) which take into account the presence of a sample holder in the experimental assembly. The models were developed based on the finite volume method and, for the two-dimensional configurations, the effect of hollow cathode on the sample was considered as a lateral external heat source. The main results obtained with the three computational models, as temperature distribution and thermal gradients in the samples and in the holder, were compared with those developed by the Laboratory of Plasma, LabPlasma/UFRN, and with experiments available in the literature. The behavior showed indicates the validity of the developed codes and illustrate the need of the use of such computational tool in that process type, due to the great easiness of obtaining thermal information of interest

Influência da palha e da simulação de chuva sobre a eficácia da mistura formulada clomazone + hexazinone no controle de plantas daninhas em área de cana-crua

O experimento teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da cobertura de palha e da simulação de chuva sobre a eficácia da mistura formulada clomazone + hexazinone no controle de plantas daninhas em área de cana-crua. Foi avaliado o controle de Brachiaria decumbens, Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea hederifolia e Euphorbia heterophylla. A dose do herbicida utilizada foi de 2,2 kg ha-1 de produto comercial, correspondendo a 880 e 220 g ha-1 dos ingredientes ativos clomazone e hexazinone, respectivamente. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T1) semeadura + palha 5 t ha-1 + aplicação + chuva de 30 mm (1DAA); T2) semeadura + chuva de 30 mm + palha 5 t ha-1 + aplicação; T3) semeadura + aplicação + palha 5 t ha-1 ; T4) semeadura + palha 5 t ha-1 + chuva de 30 mm + aplicação (12h após); T5) semeadura + palha 5 t ha-1 + aplicação + chuva de 2,5 mm (logo após); T6) semeadura + aplicação + chuva de 30 mm; T7) testemunha sem palha; e T8) testemunha com 5 t ha-1 de palha, totalizando oito tratamentos com quatro repetições, dispostos no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados. Foram feitas avaliações visuais de controle aos 6, 13, 21, 27 e 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Para controle de B. decumbens, os melhores tratamentos foram aqueles nos quais o herbicida foi aplicado diretamente no solo, recebendo ou não uma camada de palha sobre o solo após a aplicação do herbicida, e quando foi aplicado sobre a camada de palha, recebendo uma chuva após a aplicação. Para a espécie E. heterophylla, os resultados foram bastante satisfatórios, proporcionando médias acima de 98% de controle, quando ocorreram precipitações posteriores à aplicação do herbicida. de modo geral, os tratamentos com a aplicação do herbicida, na ausência ou presença de palha, e posterior chuva apresentaram controle total da espécie I. hederifolia aos 35 DAA. Todos os tratamentos mostraram excelente controle para a espécie I. grandifolia.

Simulação de reservatórios não convencionais para armazenamento de gás natural veicular

The investigation of viability to use containers for Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) storage, with different geometries of commercial standards, come from necessity to join the ambient, financial and technological benefits offered by the gas combustion, to the convenience of not modify the original proposal of the automobile. The use of these current cylindrical models for storage in the converted vehicles is justified by the excellent behavior that this geometry presents about the imposed tensions for the high pressure that the related reservoirs are submitted. However, recent research directed toward application of adsorbent materials in the natural gas reservoirs had proven a substantial redusction of pressure and, consequently, a relief of the tensions in the reservoirs. However, this study considers alternative geometries for NGV reservoirs, searching the minimization of dimensions and weight, remaining capacity to resist the tensions imposed by the new pressure situation. The proposed reservoirs parameters are calculated through a mathematical study of the internal pressure according to Brazilian standards (NBR) for pressure vessels. Finally simulations of the new geometries behavior are carried through using a commercially avaible Finite Element Method (FEM) software package ALGOR® to verify of the reservoirs efficincy under the gas pressure load

Simulação computacional do escoamento em bombas de cavidades progressivas

The use of Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCPs) in artificial lift applications in low deep wells is becoming more common in the oil industry, mainly, due to its ability to pump heavy oils, produce oil with large concentrations of sand, besides present high efficiency when compared to other artificial lift methods. Although this system has been widely used as an oil lift method, few investigations about its hydrodynamic behavior are presented, either experimental or numeric. Therefore, in order to increase the knowledge about the BCP operational behavior, this work presents a novel computational model for the 3-D transient flow in progressing cavity pumps, which includes the relative motion between rotor and stator, using an element based finite volume method. The model developed is able to accurately predict the volumetric efficiency and viscous looses as well as to provide detailed information of pressure and velocity fields inside the pump. In order to predict PCP performance for low viscosity fluids, advanced turbulence models were used to treat, accurately, the turbulent effects on the flow, which allowed for obtaining results consistent with experimental values encountered in literature. In addition to the 3D computational model, a simplified model was developed, based on mass balance within cavities and on simplification on the momentum equations for fully developed flow along the seal region between cavities. This simplified model, based on previous approaches encountered in literature, has the ability to predict flow rate for a given differential pressure, presenting exactness and low CPU requirements, becoming an engineering tool for quick calculations and providing adequate results, almost real-time time. The results presented in this work consider a rigid stator PCP and the models developed were validated against experimental results from open literature. The results for the 3-D model showed to be sensitive to the mesh size, such that a numerical mesh refinement study is also presented. Regarding to the simplified model, some improvements were introduced in the calculation of the friction factor, allowing the application fo the model for low viscosity fluids, which was unsuccessful in models using similar approaches, presented in previous works

Simulação computacional da interação fluido-estrutura em bombas de cavidades progressivas

The pumping through progressing cavities system has been more and more employed in the petroleum industry. This occurs because of its capacity of elevation of highly viscous oils or fluids with great concentration of sand or other solid particles. A Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP) consists, basically, of a rotor - a metallic device similar to an eccentric screw, and a stator - a steel tube internally covered by a double helix, which may be rigid or deformable/elastomeric. In general, it is submitted to a combination of well pressure with the pressure generated by the pumping process itself. In elastomeric PCPs, this combined effort compresses the stator and generates, or enlarges, the clearance existing between the rotor and the stator, thus reducing the closing effect between their cavities. Such opening of the sealing region produces what is known as fluid slip or slippage, reducing the efficiency of the PCP pumping system. Therefore, this research aims to develop a transient three-dimensional computational model that, based on single-lobe PCP kinematics, is able to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that occurs in the interior of metallic and elastomeric PCPs. The main goal is to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of PCP s efficiency based on detailed and instantaneous information of velocity, pressure and deformation fields in their interior. To reach these goals (development and use of the model), it was also necessary the development of a methodology for generation of dynamic, mobile and deformable, computational meshes representing fluid and structural regions of a PCP. This additional intermediary step has been characterized as the biggest challenge for the elaboration and running of the computational model due to the complex kinematic and critical geometry of this type of pump (different helix angles between rotor and stator as well as large length scale aspect ratios). The processes of dynamic generation of meshes and of simultaneous evaluation of the deformations suffered by the elastomer are fulfilled through subroutines written in Fortan 90 language that dynamically interact with the CFX/ANSYS fluid dynamic software. Since a structural elastic linear model is employed to evaluate elastomer deformations, it is not necessary to use any CAE package for structural analysis. However, an initial proposal for dynamic simulation using hyperelastic models through ANSYS software is also presented in this research. Validation of the results produced with the present methodology (mesh generation, flow simulation in metallic PCPs and simulation of fluid-structure interaction in elastomeric PCPs) is obtained through comparison with experimental results reported by the literature. It is expected that the development and application of such a computational model may provide better details of the dynamics of the flow within metallic and elastomeric PCPs, so that better control systems may be implemented in the artificial elevation area by PCP

Simulação das temperaturas diárias na cidade de Natal-rn

Information retrieval is of paramount importance in all areas of knowledge. Regarding the temperatures of Natal, they were simulated and analyzed. Thus, it was possible to recover, with some accuracy, the temperatures of days they were not collected. For this we constructed a software that displays the temperature value at each moment in the city. The program was developed in Delphi using interpolated polynomial function of third degree. The equations were obtained in Excel and data were collected at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). These functions were changed from a correction factor in order to provide values to temperatures between those who were not collected. Armed with this program you can build tables and charts to analyze the temperatures for certain periods of time. The same analysis was done by developing mathematical functions that describes the temperatures. With the data provided by this software is possible to say which are the hours of highest and lowest temperatures in the city, as the months have indexes with the highest and lowest temperatures.

Simulação numérica da interação entre uma nuvem incidente de vórtices e uma aerofólio através do método dos vórtices

The study of aerodynamic loading variations has many engineering applications, including helicopter rotor blades, wind turbines and turbo machinery. This work uses a Vortex Method to make a lagrangian description of the a twodimensional airfoil/ incident wake vortex interaction. The flow is incompressible, newtonian, homogeneus and the Reynolds Number is 5x105 .The airfoil is a NACA 0018 placed a angle of attack of the 0° and 5°simulates with the Painel Method with a constant density vorticity panels and a generation poit is near the painel. The protector layer is created does not permit vortex inside the body. The vortex Lamb convection is realized with the Euler Method (first order) and Adans-Bashforth (second order). The Random Walk Method is used to simulate the diffusion. The circular wake has 366 vortex all over positive or negative vorticity located at different heights with respect to the airfoil chord. The Lift was calculated based in the algorithm created by Ricci (2002). This simulation uses a ready algorithm vatidated with single body does not have a incident wake. The results are compared with a experimental work The comparasion concludes that the experimental results has a good agrement with this papper

Simulação do escoamento multifásico no interior de bombas de cavidades progressivas metálicas

The progressing cavity pumping (PCP) is one of the most applied oil lift methods nowadays in oil extraction due to its ability to pump heavy and high gas fraction flows. The computational modeling of PCPs appears as a tool to help experiments with the pump and therefore, obtain precisely the pump operational variables, contributing to pump s project and field operation otimization in the respectively situation. A computational model for multiphase flow inside a metallic stator PCP which consider the relative motion between rotor and stator was developed in the present work. In such model, the gas-liquid bubbly flow pattern was considered, which is a very common situation in practice. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach, considering the homogeneous and inhomogeneous models, was employed and gas was treated taking into account an ideal gas state. The effects of the different gas volume fractions in pump volumetric eficiency, pressure distribution, power, slippage flow rate and volumetric flow rate were analyzed. The results shown that the developed model is capable of reproducing pump dynamic behaviour under the multiphase flow conditions early performed in experimental works

Simulação do caminhamento da água da chuva e herbicidas em palhadas utilizadas em sistemas de plantio direto

Um experimento foi conduzido no NuPAM/FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-SP, objetivando avaliar a dinâmica de retenção de água e o caminhamento de um traçante (simulando um herbicida) em diferentes coberturas mortas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo monitoramento do traçante FD&C-1 pulverizado sobre coberturas mortas de cevada, trigo, aveia-preta colhida, aveia-preta rolada, azevém, milheto e capim-braquiária, nas quantidades de 3.000, 6.000 e 9.000 kg ha-1, antes e após simulação de chuvas. As repetições constituíram-se de oito conjuntos de PVC + funil + béquer com palha, onde, através da chuva lixiviada pelas palhadas e do peso dos suportes de PVC, foram estimadas a retenção e transposição da água, assim como quantificado o traçante extraído, através de procedimentos espectrofotométricos. Os diferentes tipos de resíduos culturais mostraram-se similares quanto à retenção da água da chuva, ocorrendo uniformização entre os primeiros 7,5 e 15 mm de precipitação. A formação de pontos secos associados a canais preferenciais de escorrimento induziu menor capacidade de embebição e retenção da água das chuvas pelas palhadas. As máximas capacidades médias de retenção da chuva pelas coberturas foram de 1,22, 1,99 e 2,59 mm para 3.000, 6.000 e 9.000 kg de matéria seca ha-1, respectivamente. As precipitações iniciais entre 10 e 20 mm foram fundamentais para o molhamento uniforme das palhadas e carregamento do traçante até o solo, independentemente do tipo e da quantidade de palha. Esse comportamento indica ser viável a utilização de programas similares de controle de plantas daninhas para diferentes tipos e quantidades de palha em sistemas de plantio direto.

Seleção de sementes de milho durante a simulação da semeadura com disco perfurado horizontal

Teve-se o objetivo de verificar a possível seleção de sementes de milho - arredondadas e achatadas - no processo de semeadura com disco perfurado horizontal, bem como as conseqüências na distribuição longitudinal. Os registros dos dados deram-se pela avaliação visual de duas pessoas, com contador manual, no final da esteira carpetada em movimento de 1,54 m s-1, com 4,60 m de perspectiva para avaliação. Assim, um sensor registrava o número de orifícios do disco horizontal que devia passar pelo tubo condutor, e os espaçamentos falhos e múltiplos eram computados por pessoas diferentes. Os espaçamentos aceitáveis foram obtidos pela subtração dos espaçamentos falhos e múltiplos do total contabilizado. A medição do comprimento e espessura das sementes foi realizada com auxílio de paquímetro. Não houve alterações significativas nas variáveis estudadas, até a passagem de 55 mil orifícios do disco horizontal pelo tubo condutor; portanto, não houve seleção de sementes de milho durante a simulação do processo de semeadura.