Local community perception towards bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Caves in South central Mindanao, Philippines: Threats and Implication for conservation

In the tropics, bats are an essential component of many native ecosystems, through providing various ecological services including pollination and insect pest control, in addition to seed dispersal. Many Philippine bat species roost in caves and underground habitats. However, many caves are disturbed by people, to exploit resources for food, recreation, and mineral and guano extraction. The misunderstanding of the importance of bats to the ecosystem is also considered a threat to many cave roosting species. Understanding the conflicts between humans and ecosystems which provide essential services is important to maintain ecosystem service provision. A total of 100 local respondents from the village of Pisan, Kabacan North Cotabato in south central Mindanao were interviewed through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents were asked about their views, levels of knowledge, use, interaction, and awareness towards both the caves and bats in their locality. Our survey found that most of the respondents are aware of the presence of bats from the caves in their locality. Unfortunately, a large proportion of the respondents noted that bats are hunted in caves for bush meat and trade, and most people perceived bats as pest to fruit crops such as durian. These factors are among the main factors of the execution of many bat colonies in caves of south central Mindanao. In general, cave bats are under appreciated species in caves. The unregulated tourism, hunting for bush meat and trade, and guano extraction are among the alarming threats occurring for both caves and bats in the locality and possibly to other localities in the country. Furthermore, the establishment of strong and effective model conservation education programs and the strengthening the participation of local government, academic, and community are essential steps to preserve the current state of cave bats in the area.

Age model and stable isotopes of sediment cores from north-central Chile and south-central Chile

Terrigenous sediment supply, marine transport, and depositional processes along tectonically active margins are key to decoding turbidite successions as potential archives of climatic and seismic forcings. Sequence stratigraphic models predict coarse-grained sediment delivery to deep-marine sites mainly during sea-level fall and lowstand. Marine siliciclastic deposition during transgressions and highstands has been attributed to sustained connectivity between terrigenous sources and marine sinks facilitated by narrow shelves. To decipher the controls on Holocene highstand turbidite deposition, we analyzed 12 sediment cores from spatially discrete, coeval turbidite systems along the Chile margin (29° - 40°S) with changing climatic and geomorphic characteristics but uniform changes in sea level. Sediment cores from intraslope basins in north-central Chile (29° - 33°S) offshore a narrow to absent shelf record a shut-off of turbidite deposition during the Holocene due to postglacial aridification. In contrast, core sites in south-central Chile (36° - 40°S) offshore a wide shelf record frequent turbidite deposition during highstand conditions. Two core sites are linked to the Biobío river-canyon system and receive sediment directly from the river mouth. However, intraslope basins are not connected via canyons to fluvial systems but yield even higher turbidite frequencies. High sediment supply combined with a wide shelf and an undercurrent moving sediment toward the shelf edge appear to control Holocene turbidite sedimentation and distribution. Shelf undercurrents may play an important role in lateral sediment transport and supply to the deep sea and need to be accounted for in sediment-mass balances.

Chemical evolution and estimated flow velocity of water in the Trinity aquifer, south-central Texas /

Shipping list no.: 98-0242-P.

Geological character and mineral resources of south central Lake Erie /

"October 1982."

Report of geological reconnaissance in south-central Montana and northwestern Wyoming /

In the spring of 1953 a program of field reconnaissance for radioactivity in south-central Montana and northwestern Wyoming was authorized by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Field procedures consisted of testing outcrops along roads, in cliffs, and around rim rocks, and testing mines, prospects and the dumps thereof with the appropriate instruments in an attempt to locate exposures of areas showing anomalous radioactivity and to ascertain the geological conditions under which such radioactivity occurred.

Reconnaissance for uranium in the south central part of Colorado /

Also distributed by: Technical Information Services, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Results of an airborne reconnaissance for uranium in southeastern and south central Colorado /

"April 7, 1954."

Cougar Mountain cave in south central Oregon.

Mode of access: Internet.

Quality of ground water in agricultural areas of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado /

Bibliography: p. 25-26.

Application of activity analysis to regional development planning : a case study of economic planning in rural south central Kentucky /

Cover title.

Mining and mineral operations in the South-Central States : a visitor guide /

Includes bibliographies.

Availability and chemistry of ground water on the Bruneau Plateau and adjacent eastern plain in Twin Falls County, south-central Idaho /

Bibliography: p. 41-43.

Economic development in south central Kansas.

Published 1953-58 by the center under its earlier name: Bureau of Business Research.

Water-quality study of the Cheney Reservoir watershed, south-central Kansas /

Mode of access: Internet.