Replication Factor C3 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a Small Subunit of Replication Factor C Complex, Plays a Role in Both Replication and Damage Checkpoints

We report here the isolation and functional analysis of the rfc3+ gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which encodes the third subunit of replication factor C (RFC3). Because the rfc3+ gene was essential for growth, we isolated temperature-sensitive mutants. One of the mutants, rfc3-1, showed aberrant mitosis with fragmented or unevenly separated chromosomes at the restrictive temperature. In this mutant protein, arginine 216 was replaced by tryptophan. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that rfc3-1 cells had defects in DNA replication. rfc3-1 cells were sensitive to hydroxyurea, methanesulfonate (MMS), and gamma and UV irradiation even at the permissive temperature, and the viabilities after these treatments were decreased. Using cells synchronized in early G2 by centrifugal elutriation, we found that the replication checkpoint triggered by hydroxyurea and the DNA damage checkpoint caused by MMS and gamma irradiation were impaired in rfc3-1 cells. Association of Rfc3 and Rad17 in vivo and a significant reduction of the phosphorylated form of Chk1 in rfc3-1 cells after treatments with MMS and gamma or UV irradiation suggested that the checkpoint signal emitted by Rfc3 is linked to the downstream checkpoint machinery via Rad17 and Chk1. From these results, we conclude that rfc3+ is required not only for DNA replication but also for replication and damage checkpoint controls, probably functioning as a checkpoint sensor.

The second STE12 homologue of Cryptococcus neoformans is MATa-specific and plays an important role in virulence

Cryptococcus neoformans STE12α, a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12, exists only in MATα strains. We identified another STE12 homologue, STE12a, which is MATa specific. As in the case with Δste12α, the mating efficiency for Δste12a was reduced significantly. The Δste12a strains surprisingly still mated with Δste12α strains. In MATα strains, STE12a functionally complemented STE12α for mating efficacy, haploid fruiting, and regulation of capsule size in the mouse brain. Furthermore, when STE12a was replaced with two copies of STE12α, the resulting MATa strain produced hyphae on filament agar. STE12a regulates mRNA levels of several genes that are important for virulence including CNLAC1 and CAP genes. STE12a also modulates enzyme activities of phospholipase and superoxide dismutase. Importantly, deletion of STE12a markedly reduced the virulence in mice, as is the case with STE12α. Brain smears of mice infected with the Δste12a strain showed yeast cells with a considerable reduction in capsule size compared with those infected with STE12a strains. When the disrupted locus of ste12a was replaced with a wild-type STE12a gene, both in vivo and in vitro mutant phenotypes were reversed. These results suggest that STE12a and STE12α have similar functions, and that the mating type of the cells influences the alleles to exert their biological effects. C. neoformans, thus, is the first fungal species that contains a mating-type-specific STE12 homologue in each mating type. Our results demonstrate that mating-type-specific genes are not only important for saprobic reproduction but also play an important role for survival of the organism in host tissue.

Plays and poetry : manuscript, [17--]

Plays and poems, chiefly satires, in support of American independence and patriotic causes.

Dates and performances of Thomas D'Urfey's plays.

"Intended to confirm, to supplement, and occasionally to correct the information contained in Genest's account of the English stage and in Allardyce Nicoll's histories of the restoration and eighteenth-century drama."

How to teach kitchen garden; or, Object lessons in household work, including songs, plays, exercises, and games illustrating household occupations.

Mode of access: Internet.

Recital pieces the whole world plays : containing forty-seven compositions, especially adapted for solo playing, by the most celebrated modern and contemporary composers /

Contains works by Moussorgsky, Arensky, Brahms, Debussy, Dvorak, Gliére, Grieg and others.

The Plays, histories, and novels of the ingenious Mrs. Aphra Behn : with life and memoirs /

Each volume has also, as special t.-p., a reproduction of the original t.p.; v. 1-4: Plays written by the late ingenious Mrs. Behn. In four volumes, 3rd ed., London, 1724; v. 5-6: All the histories and novels written by the late ingenious Mrs. Behn, intire in two volumes. Pub. by Mr. Charles Gildon.

Archaelogic and historic fragments. Containing, inter alia, a facsimile of a rare ms. page dated 1638, having reference to two of Shakespeare's most famous plays, with notes thereon.

On a ms. list of plays of the year 1638. -- Sir Anthony Browne, standard bearer to king Henry VIII, and his descendants. -- On the source and nomenclature of the river Thames. -- On Sir Philip Sidney and his father, Sir Henry Sidney, in relation to Ludlow castle. -- Episodes in the career of Humphrey duke of Gloucester, and his first duchess, and their connection with the abbey of St. Albans. -- On the involuntary visit of Philip of Austria and Juana of Spain to Weymouth in 1506, and its consequences. -- Recuiver, the Regulbium of the Romans. -- Appendix.

Books of the time of the restoration, being a collection of plays, poems and prose works produced between the years 1660 and 1700, by the contemporaries of John Dryden /

The entries supplement and illustrate the works of the authors in "The literature of the restoration" issued May 1918. cf. Prefatory note.

Index to children's plays,

Books about plays and play production, puppets, costuming, folk dances and singing games: p. 1-9.

Pawns and Cophetua : four poetic plays /

The storm.--The god of quiet.--X=0.--Cophetua.

Chief contemporary dramatists; twenty plays from the recent drama of England, Ireland, America, Germany, France, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, and Russia,

--Appendix; Authors and plays. Notes on the production of plays. A reading list in contemporary dramatists. A working book list in contemporary drama. Index to charaters.

Children's piano pieces the whole world plays : a collection of more than one hundred and fifty tuneful piano pieces for juvenile players, including standard teaching and recreation pieces, and in addition a considerable number of new compositions /

Mode of access: Internet.

Six anonymous plays. First series (c. 1510-1537) comprising Four elements--The beauty and good properties of women (usually known as Calisto and Melibæa)--Every man--Hickscorner--The world and the child--Thersites--Note-book and word-list, ed.

With facsimile reproductions of original title-pages.

The Best plays and the year book of the drama in America.

Mode of access: Internet.