Newport's mooring regulations: legal and policy analysis

The legal and policy issues facing Newport as it revises and implements its ordinances are numerous. Most of the issues have not been squarely resolved for Rhode Island. While Newport may take guidance from other states, it will be Rhode Island's task going forward to define the reach of its PTD as applied to some novel issues raised by mooring administration. The benefit of the flexibility of the PTD is allowing smaller units of government like Newport to define their regulatory goals based on a locally-tailored balancing test of competing interests facing scarce ocean resources. This report was designed to facilitate decision-maker discussion of how to strike that delicate balance.

A comparison between circle hook and J hook performance in the dolphinfish, yellowfish tuna, and wahoo troll fishery off the coast of North Carolina

We compared numbers of strikes, proportions of fish that hooked up after strikes, proportions of fish that stayed on hook (retained) after hook up, and numbers of fish caught between circle and J hooks rigged with dead natural fish bait (ballyhoo)and trolled for three oceanic predator species: dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), and wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri). Interactions were compared between circle and J hooks fished on 75 trips by two user groups (charter and recreational fishermen). Hooks were affixed to three species-specific leader types most commonly fished in this region: monofilament (dolphinfish), fluorocarbon (tuna), and wire (wahoo). Numbers of fish caught per trip and three potential mechanisms that might inf luence numbers caught (i.e., number of strikes, proportion of fish hooked, and proportion retained) were modeled with generalized linear models that considered hook type, leader type, species, user (fishing) group, and wave height as main effects. Hook type was a main effect at the catch level; generally, more fish were caught on J hooks than on circle hooks. The effect of hook type on strike rates was equivocal. However, J hooks had a greater proportion of hook-ups than did circle hooks. Finally, the proportion of fish retained once hooked was generally equal between hook types. We found similar results when data from additional species were pooled as a “tuna” group and a “mackerel” group. We conclude that J hooks are more effective than circle hooks at the hook-up level and result in greater numbers of troll-caught dolphinfish, tunas

Estudo da margem continental ibérica ocidental com base em dados gravimétricos e magnetométricos regionais

Os métodos potenciais são conhecidos como uma ferramenta útil para estudos regionais. Na Ibéria Ocidental, a gravimetria e a magnetometria podem ser utilizadas para auxiliar no entendimento de algumas questões sobre a estruturação tectônica offshore. Nesta região, tanto as estruturas geradas pela quebra continental, quanto às herdadas do embasamento variscano, tem uma importante contribuição para a resposta geofísica regional observada com estes métodos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo correlacionar as feições geofísicas observadas com alguns modelos geológicos do arcabouço tectônico da Ibéria Ocidental já publicados na literatura. Mapas filtrados foram usados para auxiliar no reconhecimento de diferentes assinaturas geofísicas, os quais foram calculados a partir dos mapas de gravidade Bouguer e do campo magnético total tais como o gradiente horizontal total, derivada tilt, derivada vertical, e integral vertical. O domínio crustal continental foi definido a partir da interpretação dos dados gravimétricos, utilizando gradiente de gravidade horizontal total da Anomalia Bouguer. Os dados magnéticos, originais e filtrados, foram utilizados para identificar mais três domínios regionais offshore, que sugerem a existência de três tipos de crosta não-siálica. Dois deles são propostos como domínios de transição. A região da crosta de transição mais próxima do continente tem uma fraca resposta regional magnética, e a porção mais distal é um domínio de anomalia de alta amplitude, semelhante à resposta magnética oceânica. O limite crustal oceânico não pôde ser confirmado, mas um terceiro domínio offshore, a oeste da isócrona C34, poderia ser considerado como crosta oceânica, devido ao padrão magnético que apresenta. Alguns lineamentos do embasamento foram indicados na crosta continental offshore. As feições gravimétricas e magnéticas interpretadas coincidem, em termos de direção e posição, com zonas de sutura variscanas, mapeados em terra. Assim, esses contatos podem corresponder à continuação offshore destas feições paleozoicas, como o contato entre as zonas de Ossa Morena-Zona Centro-Ibérica. Nesta interpretação, sugere-se que a crosta continental offshore pode ser composta por unidades do Sudoeste da Península Ibérica. Isto permite considerar que a Falha de Porto-Tomar pertence a uma faixa de deformação strike-slip, onde parte das bacias mesozoicas da margem continental está localizada.

Problemas inversos em engenharia financeira: regularização com critério de entropia

Esta dissertação aplica a regularização por entropia máxima no problema inverso de apreçamento de opções, sugerido pelo trabalho de Neri e Schneider em 2012. Eles observaram que a densidade de probabilidade que resolve este problema, no caso de dados provenientes de opções de compra e opções digitais, pode ser descrito como exponenciais nos diferentes intervalos da semireta positiva. Estes intervalos são limitados pelos preços de exercício. O critério de entropia máxima é uma ferramenta poderosa para regularizar este problema mal posto. A família de exponencial do conjunto solução, é calculado usando o algoritmo de Newton-Raphson, com limites específicos para as opções digitais. Estes limites são resultados do princípio de ausência de arbitragem. A metodologia foi usada em dados do índice de ação da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo com seus preços de opções de compra em diferentes preços de exercício. A análise paramétrica da entropia em função do preços de opções digitais sínteticas (construídas a partir de limites respeitando a ausência de arbitragem) mostraram valores onde as digitais maximizaram a entropia. O exemplo de extração de dados do IBOVESPA de 24 de janeiro de 2013, mostrou um desvio do princípio de ausência de arbitragem para as opções de compra in the money. Este princípio é uma condição necessária para aplicar a regularização por entropia máxima a fim de obter a densidade e os preços. Nossos resultados mostraram que, uma vez preenchida a condição de convexidade na ausência de arbitragem, é possível ter uma forma de smile na curva de volatilidade, com preços calculados a partir da densidade exponencial do modelo. Isto coloca o modelo consistente com os dados do mercado. Do ponto de vista computacional, esta dissertação permitiu de implementar, um modelo de apreçamento que utiliza o princípio de entropia máxima. Três algoritmos clássicos foram usados: primeiramente a bisseção padrão, e depois uma combinação de metodo de bisseção com Newton-Raphson para achar a volatilidade implícita proveniente dos dados de mercado. Depois, o metodo de Newton-Raphson unidimensional para o cálculo dos coeficientes das densidades exponenciais: este é objetivo do estudo. Enfim, o algoritmo de Simpson foi usado para o calculo integral das distribuições cumulativas bem como os preços do modelo obtido através da esperança matemática.

Damage assessment and preservation of suspending system of Yongle-Big-Bell

The Yongle-Big-Bell is an exquisite heritage of ancient China and has more than 600 years history. The long history renders the suspending wooden rack serious damage. Therefore, the security is of our great concern. In order to know if the wooden rack is safe or not for the conventional striking in the festival service, a systemic research work has been done. At first the existing deformation and response to the strike of the beetle were measured, and then calculations using method of material mechanics and finite element analysis were conducted. Based on the results of our research, some concluding remarks and suggestion were given: The Yongle-Big-Bell can be struck regularly without urgent danger of collapse. In view of the existence of serious rotten damage, the repair and protection of wooden rack are pressing.

一种新奇的甲烷氧化细菌——能兼性营养和厌氧生长的沼气甲基弯菌

经过细心的条件选择实现了无甲烷条件下甲烷氧化菌沼气甲基弯菌81Z(methylosinus methanica 81Z)利用C2化合物的生长，同时 发现二碳代谢中间产物甘氨酸的胞外积累及对生长的抑制作用。又在此基础上从81Z原种中富集得到一株菌81Z-A，兼性生长能力大 幅度提高，而且除乙酸外又能利用丙酮酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖而生长。对细胞氧化各种有机底物时氧吸收的测定及酶分析结 果发现了在其它甲烷氧化细菌中未曾发现的异柠檬酸裂解酶和苹果酸酶的存在，表明81Z除了具有通常II型菌的碳代谢途径外，具 有特殊的补偿代谢途径——乙醛酸支路以及从乙酸生糖的回补途径。因此推证其兼性生长的能力是固有的，从而说明了甲烷氧化菌 的专一性概念没有普遍意义。说明了81Z还能在含有二碳的培养基中厌氧生长，包括细胞的分裂和增值行为。虽然这种厌氧生长还 很弱，但至少可以说明它不是严格好氧的，这对于传统的关于甲烷氧化菌的严格好氧的概念是一个冲击。81Z正常条件下是利用甲 烷而生长的，当供给它乙酸、乙醛酸和丝氨酸时能促进含C-C键有机物氧化的活性，而对甲烷单加氧酶和其它C2化合物的氧化有抑 制或阻遏作用，对碳同化的丝氨酸途径的关键酶羟基丙酮酸还原酶有阻抑作用。同时也证明了81Z的甲烷单加氧酶和甲醇氧化活性 可被甲烷、甲醇所诱导，而因甲酸而降低。The growth of Methylosinus methanica 81Z on C2-compounds without methane was realized by selecting suitable conditions. The intermediate product Gly from its C2 metabolism was found to accumulate out cells and inhibit its growth. 81Z-A, which was obtained from 81Z by richening, could grow on C2- compounds rapidly. It can even grow on pyruvate, malate, citrate and glucose. The results of measurements of oxygen consumption by cell suspensions in the presence of various organic compounds and the results of enzyme assays of detected activities of isocitrate lyaze and malic enzyme in cell extracts which were not found in other methantrophs showed that 81Z possesses not only the regular carbon metabalic pathways but also some peculiar anaplerotic pathways--the glyoxylate cycle and the gluconeogenic pathway from acetate. As a consequence of these studies, its ability of facultative growth is inherent. Therefore, the concept of obligate dependence on C2- compounds of methanotrophs is not of universal significance. The ability of 81Z's growth(including desintegration and proliferation behaviour) on C2-compounds anaerobically was also demonstrated. Despite of the weakness of this growth, at least it could be said that 81Z is not strictly aerobic. This is a strike to the traditonal concept about the strictly aerobic action of methanotrophs. Regularly, 81Z grows on methane. The presence of acetate, glyoxylate and serine could increaze its ability of oxidizing the organic coumpounds containing C-C ponds. In contrast, they could inhibit the activities of MMO and other C2-compounds oxidation, they also repressed the key enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase of the serine-pathway for carbon assimilation. At the some time, it was testified that the activities of MMO and methanol oxidation were inducible by methane or methanol and were lower in the presence of formate.

Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel system, northwest South China Sea

Based on more than 4000 km 2D seismic data and seismic stratigraphic analysis, we discussed the extent and formation mechanism of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel. The Qiongdongnan deep sea channel is a large incised channel which extends from the east boundary of the Yinggehai Basin, through the whole Qiongdongnan and the Xisha trough, and terminates in the western part of the northwest subbasin of South China Sea. It is more than 570 km long and 4-8 km wide. The chaotic (or continuous) middle (or high) amplitude, middle (or high) continuity seismic facies of the channel reflect the different lithological distribution of the channel. The channel formed as a complex result of global sea level drop during early Pliocene, large scale of sediment supply to the Yinggehai Basin, inversion event of the Red River strike-slip fault, and tilted direction of the Qiongdongnan Basin. The large scale of sediment supply from Red River caused the shelf break of the Yinggehai Basin to move torwards the S and SE direction and developed large scale of prograding wedge from the Miocene, and the inversion of the Red River strike-slip fault induced the sediment slump which formed the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel.

Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Zhuanghai area, Bohai-Bay Basin, east China: the application of balanced cross-sections

The technique of balancing cross-sections, an important method for studying the tectonic history of sedimentary basins, has many applications. It enables one to compile charts for petroleum exploration and development, and growth sections of ancient structures can be restored so that the structural growth history can be studied. In order to study tectonic evolution in the Zhuanghai area of the Bohai-Bay basin, we selected two seismic profiles and compiled two structural growth sections. Based on the two balanced cross-sections, the evolution can be divided into four phases: the Triassic-Middle Jurassic phase, Late Jurassic - Cretaceous phase, Palaeogene extension phase, and Late Palaeogene-to-present phase. The whole area was uplifted during the Triassic-Middle Jurassic phase because of intense extrusion stress related to the Indo-China movement. During the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, intense extension occurred in east China, and the whole area rifted, leading to the deposition of a thick sedimentary sequence. In the Late Cretaceous, the area suffered uplift and compression associated with the sinistral strike slip of the Tanlu fault. In the Palaeogene, a rifting basin developed in the area. Finally, it became stable and was placed in its present position by dextral strike-slip motion. In addition, some problems associated with compiling balanced cross-sections are discussed.

A comprehensive investigation of an offshore active fault in the Western Sagami Bay, central Japan

Offshore active faults, especially those in the deep sea, are very difficult to study because of the water and sedimentary cover. To characterize the nature and geometry of offshore active faults, a combination of methods must be employed. Generally, seismic profiling is used to map these faults, but often only fault-related folds rather than fracture planes are imaged. Multi-beam swath bathymetry provides information on the structure and growth history of a fault because movements of an active fault are reflected in the bottom morphology. Submersible and deep-tow surveys allow direct observations of deformations on the seafloor (including fracture zones and microstructures). In the deep sea, linearly aligned cold seep communities provide indirect evidence for active faults and the spatial migration of their activities. The Western Sagami Bay fault (WSBF) in the western Sagami Bay off central Japan is an active fault that has been studied in detail using the above methods. The bottom morphology, fractured breccias directly observed and photographed, seismic profiles, as well as distribution and migration of cold seep communities provide evidence for the nature and geometry of the fault. Focal mechanism solutions of selected earthquakes in the western Sagami Bay during the period from 1900 to 1995 show that the maximum compression trends NW-SE and the minimum stress axis strikes NE-SW, a stress pattern indicating a left-lateral strike-slip fault.

Tectonics in the northwestern West Philippine basin

The West Philippine basin (WPB) is a currently inactive marginal basin belonging to Philippine Sea plate, which has a complex formation history and various crust structures. Based on gravity, magnetic and seismic data, the tectonics in West Philippine basin is characterized by amagma spreading stage and strike slip fractures. NNE trending Okinawa-Luzon fracture zone is a large fracture zone with apparent geomorphology and shows a right-handed movement. The results of joint gravity-magnetic-seismic inversion suggest that the Okinawa-Luzon fracture zone has intensive deformation and is a transform fault. Western existence of the NW trending fractures under Ryukyu Islands Arc is the main cause of the differences between south and north Okinawa Trough. The Urdaneta plateau is not a remained arc, but remnant of mantle plume although its lava chemistry is similar to oceanic island basalt (OIB).

Seismic profiles across the middle Tan-Lu fault zone in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, eastern China

The stratigraphic architecture, structure and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Laizhou Bay, eastern China, are analyzed based on interpretations of 31 new 2D seismic lines across Laizhou Bay. Cenozoic strata in the study area are divided into two layers separated by a prominent and widespread unconformity. The upper sedimentary layer is made up of Neogene and Quaternary fluvial and marine sediments, while the lower layer consists of Paleogene lacustrine and fluvial facies. In terms of tectonics, the sediments beneath the unconformity can be divided into four main structural units: the west depression, central uplift, east depression and Ludong uplift. The two branches of the middle Tan-Lu fault zone differ in their geometry and offset: the east branch fault is a steeply dipping S-shaped strike-slip fault that cuts acoustic basement at depths greater than 8 km, whereas the west branch fault is a relatively shallow normal fault. The Tan-Lu fault zone is the key fault in the study area, having controlled its Cenozoic evolution. Based on balanced cross-sections constructed along transverse seismic line 99.8 and longitudinal seismic line 699.0, the Cenozoic evolution of the middle Tan-Lu fault zone is divided into three stages: Paleocene-Eocene transtension, Oligocene-Early Miocene transpression and Middle Miocene to present-day stable subsidence. The reasons for the contrasting tectonic features of the two branch faults and the timing of the change from transtension to transpression are discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东部走滑构造特征及其对油气成藏的影响研究

研究区位于郯庐断裂中段与济阳坳陷的构造结合部，区内走滑构造广泛发育，主要的走滑断裂有7条，分别是郯庐断裂带的东西两支、垦东断层、孤东断层、长堤断层、埕东断层和发育于垦东凸起中部的浅层走滑构造带。走滑构造带与油气富集带有着明显的对应关系。 通过对研究区内二维、三维地震测线和平面构造图的精细解释和分析，分别揭示了各走滑断裂在平面、剖面和三维空间上的构造形态。根据走滑断裂及其伴生构造的平面和剖面上的几何学特征，将研究区内的走滑断裂划分为三种类型：成熟型走滑断裂、隐伏型走滑断裂、不连续型的走滑断裂。 从理论模式研究入手，推导了拉分盆地中盆地的走滑速率与沉降速率之间的关系，证实了走滑速率同盆地的几何形状参数、最大沉降深度和盆地的沉降速率存在着稳定的数值关系。通过对莱州湾地区潍北凹陷基底沉降历史的分析，建立了潍北凹陷沉降速率与郯庐断裂中段走滑速率之间的经验关系式，进而求出郯庐断裂中段新生代右行走滑位移量的大小为40km。 运用2DMove软件，对研究区内四条典型剖面进行构造复原，计算出了各条剖面每个时期的伸展参数，对研究区构造活动强度进行了定量分析，揭示了研究区的构造演化规律。通过运用Ansys软件进行有限元模拟，恢复了晚白垩世晚期-古近纪早期研究区内的构造应力场和应变场，揭示了扭张作用是研究区内走滑断层开始走滑的主要原因。 通过上述分析，结合对究区内近几年勘探开发成功和失败的实例分析，全面探讨了走滑活动对于油气成藏“生”、“储”、“盖”、“圈”、“运”、“保”各因素的影响。

渤海湾地区前第三系构造特征及其演化研究

Based on fine structural interpretation on seismic profiles of buried-hills in Huanghua depression, structural interpretation and balanced cross-section restoration of regional seismic profiles, drawing structural maps of main seismic interfaces, residual strata distribution of different ages in the Bohai Bay region and structural survey in the western Shandong uplifted area and the intracontinental orogeny of Yanshan mountain, the paper has studied pre-tertiary structural styles and tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay region. There mainly develop 5 types of pre-tertiary structural style that are extension structure, compression structure, strike-slip structure, negative inversion structure and sliding structure in the Bohai Bay region. Among these 5 types of structural style, extension structure develops detachment fault and its controlling fault terrain structure and fault break slop; compression structure develops reverted fold, fault propagation fold, fault bent fold, imbricate thrust structure and triangle zone; strike-slip structure develops positive flower structure, negative flower structure, en-echelon structure and brush structure; negative reversion structure develops Indosinian compression and Yanshanian extension negative reversion structure, late Yanshanian compression and Cenozoic extension negative reversion structure; sliding structure develops interlayer sliding structure and detachment structure. According to Cangdong fault of SN direction, Zhangjiakou – Penglai fault and Qihe – Guangrao fault of NWW direction, the Bohai Bay region can be divided into 6 sub-regions in which structural direction and style is different from each other. Structural maps of bottom boundary of Cenozoic and upper Paleozoic manifest that main NNE structural direction is formed from late Yanshanian to Himalayan movement and minor NWW structural direction and a string of area more than 8000m are mainly suggest that Indosinian tectonic pattern strongly influence on Yanshanian and Himalayan movement. Residual strata distribution characteristics of middle to upper Neoproterozoic in the Bohai Bay region manifest that middle- to neo- aulacogen position may be corresponding to late Mesozoic uplifted zone. Residual Paleozoic distribution characteristics of main ENN suggest that structural alteration should be resulted from late Yanshanian to Himalayan movement while which of minor NWW structures suggest that deeper structure should restrict shallower structure. Structural patterns of main EW fold direction in the Bohai Bay region and thrust structure in eastern part are formed late Triassic in studied area. Granite magma intrusion of early to middle Jurassic mainly develops Yanshan mountain zone. Late Mesozoic rifting basins of NEE direction are widely distributed in the Bohai Bay region and granite magma intrusions are mainly distributed in Tancheng – Rongcheng zone. Mesozoic structural evolution in the Bohai Bay region is related to scissor convergent from east to west between North China plate and Yangtze plate and gradually reinforcing of the west circum-pacific tectonic tract while basin and range province of late Jurassic and early Cretaceous may be mainly related to lithospheric thinning of North China craton in late Mesozoic.

金川镍矿岩体移动与开采稳定性研究

The two major issues in mining industry are work safety and protection of ground environment when carrying on underground mining activities. Cut-and-fill mining method is increasingly applied in China owing to its advantages of controlling ground pressure and protecting the ground environment effectively. However, some cut-and-fill mines such as Jinchuan nickel mine which has big ore body, broken rock mass and high geostress have unique characteristics on the law of ground pressure and rock mass movement that distinguish from other mining methods. There are still many problems unknown and it is necessary for the further analysis. In this dissertation, vast field survey, geology trenching and relative data analysis are carried out. The distribution of ground fissures and the correlation of the fissures with the location of underground ore body is presented. Using of monitoring data by three-dimension fissure meter and GPS in Jinchuan Deposit Ⅱ, the rule of the surface deformation and the reason of ground fissures generation are analyzed. It is shown that the stress redistribution in surrounding rocks resulting from mining, the existence of the void space underground and the influence of on-going mining activities are three main reasons for the occurrence of ground fissures. Based on actual section planes of No.1 ore body, a large-scale 3D model is established. By this model, the complete process of excavation and filling is simulated and the law of rock mass movement and stability caused by Cut-and-fill Mining is studied. According to simulation results, it is concluded that the deformation of ground surface is still going on developing; the region of subsidence on the ground surface is similar with a circle; the area on the hanging wall side is larger than one on the lower wall side; the contour plots show the centre of subsidence lay on the hanging wall side and the position is near the ore body boundary of 1150m and 1250m where ore body is the thickest. Along strike-line of Jinchuan Deposit Ⅱ, the deformation at the middle of filling body is larger than that in the two sides. Because of the irregular ore body, stress concentrates at the boundary of ore body. With the process of excavation and filling, the high stress release and the stress focus disappear on the hanging wall side. The cut-and-fill mechanism is studied based on monitoring data and numerical simulation. The functions of filling body are discussed. In this dissertation, it is concluded that the stress of filling body is just 2MPa, but the stress of surrounding rock mass is 20MPa. We study the surface movement influenced by the elastic modulus of backfill. The minimal value of the elastic modulus of backfill which can guarantee the safety production of cut-and-fill mine is obtained. Finally, based on the real survey results of the horizontal ore layer and numerical simulation, it is indicated that the horizontal ore layer has destroyed. Key words: cut-and-filling mining, 3D numerical simulation, field monitoring, rock mass movement, cut-and-filling mechanism, the elastic modulus of backfill, the horizontal ore layer

青藏高原及邻区面波频散反演--岩石圈-软流层体系结构研究

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lies in the place of the continent-continent collision between Indian and Eurasian plates. Because of their interaction the shallow and deep structures are very complicated. The force system forming the tectonic patterns and driving tectonic movements is effected together by the deep part of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. It is important to study the 3-D velocity structures, the spheres and layers structures, material properties and states of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere for getting knowledge of their formation and evolution, dynamic process, layers coupling and exchange of material and energy. Based on the Rayleigh wave dispersion theory, we study the 3-D velocity structures, the depths of interfaces and thicknesses of different layers, including the crust, the lithosphere and the asthenosphere, the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. The following tasks include: (1)The digital seismic records of 221 seismic events have been collected, whose magnitudes are larger than 5.0 over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. These records come from 31 digital seismic stations of GSN , CDSN、NCDSN and part of Indian stations. After making instrument response calibration and filtering, group velocities of fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves are measured using the frequency-time analysis (FTAN) to get the observed dispersions. Furthermore, we strike cluster average for those similar ray paths. Finally, 819 dispersion curves (8-150s) are ready for dispersion inversion. (2)From these dispersion curves, pure dispersion data in 2°×2° cells of the areas (18°N-42°N, 70°E-106°E) are calculated by using function expansion method, proposed by Yanovskaya. The average initial model has been constructed by taking account of global AK135 model along with geodetic, geological, geophysical, receiving function and wide-angle reflection data. Then, initial S-wave velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle in the research areas have been obtained by using linear inversion (SVD) method. (3)Taking the results of the linear inversion as the initial model, we simultaneously invert the S wave velocities and thicknesses by using non-linear inversion (improved Simulated Annealing algorithm). Moreover, during the temperature dropping the variable-scale models are used. Comparing with the linear results, the spheres and layers by the non-linear inversion can be recognized better from the velocity value and offset. (4)The Moho discontinuity and top interface of the asthenosphere are recognized from the velocity value and offset of the layers. The thicknesses of the crust, lithosphere and asthenosphere are gained. These thicknesses are helpful to studying the structural differentia between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas and among geologic units of the plateau. The results of the inversion will provide deep geophysical evidences for studying deep dynamical mechanism and exploring metal mineral resource and oil and gas resources. The following conclusions are reached by the distributions of the S wave velocities and thicknesses of the crust, lithosphere and asthenosphere, combining with previous researches. (1)The crust is very thick in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, varying from 60 km to 80 km. The lithospheric thickness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is thinner (130-160 km) than its adjacent areas. Its asthenosphere is relatively thicker, varies from 150 km to 230 km, and the thickest area lies in the western Qiangtang. India located in south of Main Boundary thrust has a thinner crust (32-38 km), a thicker lithosphere of about 190 km and a rather thin asthenosphere of only 60 km. Sichuan and Tarim basins have the crust thickness less than 50km. Their lithospheres are thicker than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their asthenospheres are thinner. (2)The S-wave velocity variation pattern in the lithosphere-asthenosphere system has band-belted distribution along east-westward. These variations correlate with geology structures sketched by sutures and major faults. These sutures include Main Boundary thrust (MBT), Yarlung-Zangbo River suture (YZS), Bangong Lake-Nujiang suture (BNS), Jinshajiang suture (JSJS), Kunlun edge suture (KL). In the velocity maps of the upper and middle crust, these sutures can be sketched. In velocity maps of 250-300 km depth, MBT, BNS and JSJS can be sketched. In maps of the crustal thickness, the lithospheric thickness and the asthenospheric thickness, these sutures can be still sketched. In particular, MBT can be obviously resolved in these velocity maps and thickness maps. (3)Since the collision between India and Eurasian plate, the “loss” of surface material arising from crustal shortening is caused not only by crustal thickening but also by lateral extrusion material. The source of lateral extrusion lies in the Qiangtang block. These materials extrude along the JSJS and BNS with both rotation and dispersion in Daguaiwan. Finally, it extends toward southeast direction. (4)There is the crust-mantle transition zone of no distinct velocity jump in the lithosphere beneath the Qiangtang Terrane. It has thinner lithosphere and developed thicker asthenosphere. It implies that the crust-mantle transition zone of partial melting is connected with the developed asthenosphere. The underplating of asthenosphere may thin the lithosphere. This buoyancy might be the main mechanism and deep dynamics of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet hinterland. At the same time, the transport of hot material with low velocity intrudes into the upper mantle and the lower crust along cracks and faults forming the crust-mantle transition zone.