Do performance and image enhancing drug users in regional Queensland experience difficulty accessing health services?

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: To understand health service access and needs of people who use performance and image enhancing drugs (PIED) in regional Queensland. DESIGN AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 people (n = 19 men) who reported the use of a range of PIEDs, including anabolic-androgenic steroids, human chorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone, clenbuterol, tamoxifen, insulin and peptides. RESULTS: Participants reported accessing a range of services, including needle and syringe programs and pharmacies, for sterile injecting equipment. While PIEDs users attributed some stigma to needle and syringe programs, they were seen as an important service for injecting equipment. Participants reported receiving either positive care from health-care providers, such as general practitioners (GP), or having negative experiences due to the stigma attached with PIED use. Few participants reported disclosing their PIED use to their GP not only because of the concerns that their GP would no longer see them but also because they felt their GP was not knowledgeable about these substances. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Participants in the study reported no difficulty in accessing health services based on living in a regional area, with their concern focused more upon how they were viewed and treated by service staff. [Dunn M, Henshaw R, Mckay F. H. Do performance and image enhancing drug users in regional Queensland experience difficulty accessing health services? Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;00:000-000].

Mondialisation et développement: un regard de l'Amérique Latine et des Caraïbes

Inclut la bibliographie

Um estudo sobre os ensaios jornalísticos de Franklin de Oliveira: a face das críticas rosianas

Este trabalho visa a discutir alguns aspectos da crítica literária produzida em larga escala nos jornais de meados do século XX, conhecida como crítica jornalística ou de rodapé, mais precisamente a contribuição crítica de Franklin de Oliveira (1916-2001) para as três primeiras publicações literárias do autor Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967), Sagarana (1946), Corpo de baile (1956) e Grande sertão: veredas (1956), verificando quais teorias e métodos eram usados por esse crítico para analisar um conjunto de obras que se mostrava, à primeira vista, como desafio aos atentos críticos da época. Franklin de Oliveira, mencionado por Benedito Nunes, em Rumos da crítica (2000), como injustamente esquecido nas referências das publicações acadêmicas, deixou um vastíssimo conjunto de ensaios humanísticos sobre música, literatura, política, entre outros, do Ocidente, esclarecendo a importância da arte e da literatura para a formação de um homem total, não alienado e consciente de sua humanidade. Os seus ensaios, de alta erudição, refletem a complexidade da obra rosiana sob o prisma filosófico, político e, principalmente, estético, pois tem o entendimento de que as situações externas à obra literária devem emergir no gênero literário considerando artisticamente o fato exposto. Por isso, para Franklin de Oliveira, Guimarães Rosa foi um escritor revolucionário, por ter realizado uma mímesis que não ficou presa ao seu tempo presente, e, por meio do elemento linguístico, literário e metafísico, conseguiu promover a “transcendentalização” da prosa literária brasileira. Assim, esta dissertação está estruturada em um panorama geral dos assuntos aqui apresentados e em três capítulos, quais sejam: “Por uma definição de crítica literária”, “Do intelectual ao crítico jornalista: Franklin de Oliveira, um humanista por excelência” e “Legado de Franklin de Oliveira à crítica rosiana: sob o foco da revolução rosiana”, a fim de alcançar o entendimento sobre a importância de se estudar as análises escritas em outra época a respeito das obras de um autor de literatura, como Guimarães Rosa, que ainda hoje são muito lidas e discutidas. Para tanto, um dos pressupostos teóricos para este estudo tem em vista o “experienciar dinâmico da obra literária por parte do leitor”, algo salientado pela Estética da recepção no livro A história da literatura como provocação a teoria literária (1994), de Hans Robert Jauss, este trabalho possibilita questionar ou legitimar a tradição de uma crítica por meio da tríade hermenêutica do compreender, interpretar e aplicar.

Identification of CNV and QTL for productive and functional traits in dairy cattle using dense SNP chips

The thesis identify CNV structural variants as possible markers for genomic selection and identify QTL regions for Fatty Acid Content in the Italian Brown Swiss population. Additionally it maps the QTL for mastitis resistance in the Valdostana Red Pied cattle.

Dual origins of dairy cattle farming - evidence from a comprehensive survey of European Y-chromosomal variation

BACKGROUND: Diversity patterns of livestock species are informative to the history of agriculture and indicate uniqueness of breeds as relevant for conservation. So far, most studies on cattle have focused on mitochondrial and autosomal DNA variation. Previous studies of Y-chromosomal variation, with limited breed panels, identified two Bos taurus (taurine) haplogroups (Y1 and Y2; both composed of several haplotypes) and one Bos indicus (indicine/zebu) haplogroup (Y3), as well as a strong phylogeographic structuring of paternal lineages. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Haplogroup data were collected for 2087 animals from 138 breeds. For 111 breeds, these were resolved further by genotyping microsatellites INRA189 (10 alleles) and BM861 (2 alleles). European cattle carry exclusively taurine haplotypes, with the zebu Y-chromosomes having appreciable frequencies in Southwest Asian populations. Y1 is predominant in northern and north-western Europe, but is also observed in several Iberian breeds, as well as in Southwest Asia. A single Y1 haplotype is predominant in north-central Europe and a single Y2 haplotype in central Europe. In contrast, we found both Y1 and Y2 haplotypes in Britain, the Nordic region and Russia, with the highest Y-chromosomal diversity seen in the Iberian Peninsula. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the homogeneous Y1 and Y2 regions reflect founder effects associated with the development and expansion of two groups of dairy cattle, the pied or red breeds from the North Sea and Baltic coasts and the spotted, yellow or brown breeds from Switzerland, respectively. The present Y1-Y2 contrast in central Europe coincides with historic, linguistic, religious and cultural boundaries.

L’industrie cinématographique du Cameroun : évaluation et perspectives

L’industrie cinématographique africaine d’aujourd’hui connaît de grandes avancées dans de nombreux pays d’Afrique. Seulement, autant certains pays africains connaissent de grandes avancées, autant d’autres pays voient leur industrie cinématographique traîner le pas. Le Cameroun est un exemple qui illustre à souhait ces pays qui sont à la traîne. Deux constats s’imposent à nous dans ce cas d’espèce. D’un côté, le Ministère de la Culture semble s’essouffler par le rôle qui lui incombe. De ce fait, il est de moins en moins actif et très peu représenté sur le terrain. De l’autre côté, nous observons çà et là de multiples activités. Des festivals, de long et court métrages organisés par des camerounais, ainsi que des rencontres cinématographiques mises sur pied en partenariat avec les représentations culturelles de pays étrangers en présence sur le territoire. Ces initiatives diverses malgré l’atmosphère peu favorable du pays parviennent à impulser une certaine dynamique. Notons tout de même que ces actions restent cantonnées dans les deux principales villes que sont Yaoundé et Douala. Après ce bref aperçu du tableau cinématographique camerounais, deux questions s’imposent à nous : Quelle appréciation peut-on faire du cinéma au Cameroun aujourd’hui ? Quel avenir pour celui-ci ? Telles sont les deux préoccupations auxquelles nous essaierons d’apporter quelques éléments de réponses dans cette étude. // Mots clés : cinéma, Cameroun, bilan, perspectives, initiatives, industrie cinématographique.

Coopération cardio-vasculaire avec l’Hôpital BPKIHS, à Dharan Bazar, Népal

Grâce à une collaboration entre des cardiologues suisses, la Fondation Cœur de la Tour et l’Hôpital universitaire BPKIHS à Dharan, il a été possible en l’espace de deux ans, en utilisant une approche «hybride», de développer le premier programme de cardiologie invasive et interventionnelle indépendant dans l’est du Népal. Depuis janvier 2011, 496 patients ont pu être investigués et traités en 23 mois (coronarographies, angioplasties coronaires, pose de pacemakers temporaires et définitifs, drainages péricardiques, etc.). Parallèlement à cet axe principal, la Fondation a également soutenu un programme préexistant de prévention des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires dans cette région, et a apporté un appui financier à la mise sur pied d’un projet de dépistage et de traitement des atteintes cardiaques rhumatismales chez les enfants en âge scolaire.

Mastitis in dairy heifers: Prevalence and risk factors

Poor udder health represents a serious problem in dairy production and has been investigated intensively, but heifers generally have not been the main focus of mastitis control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of heifer mastitis in Switzerland. The study included 166,518 heifers of different breeds (Swiss Red Pied, Swiss Brown Cattle and Holstein). Monthly somatic cell counts (SCCs) provided by the main dairy breeding organisations in Switzerland were monitored for 3 years; the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was determined on the basis of SCCs ≥100,000 cells/mL at the first test date. The probability of having SCM at the first test date during lactation was modelled using logistic regression. Analysed factors included data for the genetic background, morphological traits, geographical region, season of parturition and milk composition. The overall prevalence of SCM in heifers during the period from 2006 to 2010 was 20.6%. Higher frequencies of SCM were present in heifers of the Holstein breed (odds ratio, OR, 1.62), heifers with high fat:protein ratios (OR 1.97) and heifers with low milk urea concentrations combined with high milk protein concentrations (OR 3.97). Traits associated with a low risk of SCM were high set udders, high overall breeding values and low milk breeding values. Heifers with SCM on the first test day had a higher risk of either developing chronic mastitis or leaving the herd prematurely.

Increasing the career choice readiness of young adolescents: an evaluation study

A career workshop that applies models of the Cognitive Information Processing Approach (Sampson, Reardon, Peterson, & Lenz, 2004) and incorporates critical ingredients (Brown and Ryan Krane, 2000) to promote the career choice readiness of young adolescents was developed and evaluated with 334 Swiss students in seventh grade applying a Solomon four group design with a three-month follow-up. Participants significantly increased their performance in terms of career decidedness, career planning, career exploration, and vocational identity. Implications for evaluation research and counselling practice are presented.

Neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle transfer for persistent traumatic peroneal nerve palsy: Surgical technique

INTRODUCTION Persistent traumatic peroneal nerve palsy, following nerve surgery failure, is usually treated by tendon transfer or more recently by tibial nerve transfer. However, when there is destruction of the tibial anterior muscle, an isolated nerve transfer is not possible. In this article, we present the key steps and surgical tips for the Ninkovic procedure including transposition of the neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle with the aim of restoring active voluntary dorsiflexion. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE The transposition of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle to the tendons of the anterior tibial muscle group, with simultaneous transposition of the intact proximal end of the deep peroneal nerve to the tibial nerve of the gastrocnemius muscle by microsurgical neurorrhaphy is performed in one stage. It includes 10 key steps which are described in this article. Since 1994, three clinical series have highlighted the advantages of this technique. Functional and subjective results are discussed. We review the indications and limitations of the technique. CONCLUSION Early clinical results after neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle transfer appear excellent; however, they still need to be compared with conventional tendon transfer procedures. Clinical studies are likely to be conducted in this area largely due to the frequency of persistant peroneal nerve palsy and the limitations of functional options in cases of longstanding peripheral nerve palsy, anterior tibial muscle atrophy or destruction.

Cayó la yuta : Basta de contrabando en la pasiva

El presente trabajo esboza una crítica con base empírica y conceptual al análisis de la construcción pasiva basado en la operación contrabando (smuggling) propuesto por Collins (2005). En primer lugar, se exponen los argumentos de tipo empírico, los cuales se basan en aspectos de la construcción pasiva española (y de otras lenguas romance de sujeto nulo) que la derivación de Collins no permite explicar. Los fenómenos más salientes que se discuten son: (i) la imposibilidad de dar cuenta de los sujetos postverbales en la pasiva de lenguas romance de sujeto nulo (e.g. fueron detenidos los asaltantes) dado el ascenso del Sintagma de Participio a la posición de especificador de Voz (contra Belletti 2009); (ii) el obligatorio tratamiento como argumento verbal del complemento agente que impide dar cuenta de su comportamiento ante islas de extracción débiles (e.g. *por el docente, no sabe Juan por qué fue desaprobada María); (iii) y la imposibilidad de explicar el arrastre de la preposición (pied-piping) ante movimiento del nominal que recibe interpretación de argumento externo a la periferia izquierda (e.g. ¿por quién fueron arrestados los asaltantes?). Los argumentos conceptuales se basan, principalmente, en la inexistencia de requerimientos gramaticales para varias de las suboperaciones y movimientos de los que depende esta derivación de la pasiva. Además, se defienden las observaciones de Gehrke y Grillo (2007) con respecto a la naturaleza ad-hoc del análisis (que, en términos técnicos, se reducen a que las computaciones propuestas por Collins requieren "ver hacia adelante" (look-ahead) en la derivación). Ante estas consideraciones, se defiende el análisis de la construcción pasiva presentado durante el auge del modelo GB (Jaeggli 1986, Baker et al. 1989), el cual, sin ser perfecto, resulta mucho más consistente con respecto al requerimiento de adecuación descriptiva de toda teoría gramatical

Théorie des jeux expérimentale & action motrice

How do sportspeople succeed in a non-collaborative game? An illustration of a perverse side effect of altruism Are team sports specialists predisposed to collaboration? The scientific literature on this topic is divided. The present article attempts to end this debate by applying experimental game theory. We constituted three groups of volunteers (all students aged around 20): 25 team sports specialists; 23 individual sports specialists (gymnasts, track & field athletes and swimmers) and a control group of 24 non-sportspeople. Each subgroup was divided into 3 teams that played against each other in turn (and not against teams from other subgroups). The teams played a game based on the well-known Prisoner's Dilemma (Tucker, 1950) - the paradoxical "Bluegill Sunbass Game" (Binmore, 1999) with three Nash equilibria (two suboptimal equilibria with a pure strategy and an optimal equilibrium with a mixed, egotistical strategy (p= 1/2)). This game also features a Harsanyi equilibrium (based on constant compliance with a moral code and altruism by empathy: "do not unto others that which you would not have them do unto you"). How, then, was the game played? Two teams of 8 competed on a handball court. Each team wore a distinctive jersey. The game lasted 15 minutes and the players were allowed to touch the handball ball with their feet or hands. After each goal, each team had to return to its own half of the court. Players were allowed to score in either goal and thus cooperate with their teammates or not, as they saw fit. A goal against the nominally opposing team (a "guardian" strategy, by analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game) earned a point for everyone in the team. For an own goal (a "sneaker" strategy), only the scorer earned a point - hence the paradox. If all the members of a team work together to score a goal, everyone is happy (the Harsanyi solution). However, the situation was not balanced in the Nashian sense: each player had a reason to be disloyal to his/her team at the merest opportunity. But if everyone adopts a "sneaker" strategy, the game becomes a free-for-all and the chances of scoring become much slimmer. In a context in which doubt reigns as to the honesty of team members and "legal betrayals", what type of sportsperson will score the most goals? By analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game, we recorded direct motor interactions (passes and shots) based on either a "guardian" tactic (i.e. collaboration within the team) or a "sneaker" tactic (shots and passes against the player's designated team). So, was the group of team sports specialist more collaborative than the other two groups? The answer was no. A statistical analysis (difference from chance in a logistic regression) enabled us to draw three conclusions: ?For the team sports specialists, the Nash equilibrium (1950) was stronger than the Harsanyi equilibrium (1977). ?The sporting principles of equilibrium and exclusivity are not appropriate in the Bluegill Sunbass Game and are quickly abandoned by the team sports specialists. The latter are opportunists who focus solely on winning and do well out of it. ?The most altruistic players are the main losers in the Bluegill Sunbass Game: they keep the game alive but contribute to their own defeat. In our experiment, the most altruistic players tended to be the females and the individual sports specialists

Cayó la yuta : Basta de contrabando en la pasiva

El presente trabajo esboza una crítica con base empírica y conceptual al análisis de la construcción pasiva basado en la operación contrabando (smuggling) propuesto por Collins (2005). En primer lugar, se exponen los argumentos de tipo empírico, los cuales se basan en aspectos de la construcción pasiva española (y de otras lenguas romance de sujeto nulo) que la derivación de Collins no permite explicar. Los fenómenos más salientes que se discuten son: (i) la imposibilidad de dar cuenta de los sujetos postverbales en la pasiva de lenguas romance de sujeto nulo (e.g. fueron detenidos los asaltantes) dado el ascenso del Sintagma de Participio a la posición de especificador de Voz (contra Belletti 2009); (ii) el obligatorio tratamiento como argumento verbal del complemento agente que impide dar cuenta de su comportamiento ante islas de extracción débiles (e.g. *por el docente, no sabe Juan por qué fue desaprobada María); (iii) y la imposibilidad de explicar el arrastre de la preposición (pied-piping) ante movimiento del nominal que recibe interpretación de argumento externo a la periferia izquierda (e.g. ¿por quién fueron arrestados los asaltantes?). Los argumentos conceptuales se basan, principalmente, en la inexistencia de requerimientos gramaticales para varias de las suboperaciones y movimientos de los que depende esta derivación de la pasiva. Además, se defienden las observaciones de Gehrke y Grillo (2007) con respecto a la naturaleza ad-hoc del análisis (que, en términos técnicos, se reducen a que las computaciones propuestas por Collins requieren "ver hacia adelante" (look-ahead) en la derivación). Ante estas consideraciones, se defiende el análisis de la construcción pasiva presentado durante el auge del modelo GB (Jaeggli 1986, Baker et al. 1989), el cual, sin ser perfecto, resulta mucho más consistente con respecto al requerimiento de adecuación descriptiva de toda teoría gramatical

Théorie des jeux expérimentale & action motrice

How do sportspeople succeed in a non-collaborative game? An illustration of a perverse side effect of altruism Are team sports specialists predisposed to collaboration? The scientific literature on this topic is divided. The present article attempts to end this debate by applying experimental game theory. We constituted three groups of volunteers (all students aged around 20): 25 team sports specialists; 23 individual sports specialists (gymnasts, track & field athletes and swimmers) and a control group of 24 non-sportspeople. Each subgroup was divided into 3 teams that played against each other in turn (and not against teams from other subgroups). The teams played a game based on the well-known Prisoner's Dilemma (Tucker, 1950) - the paradoxical "Bluegill Sunbass Game" (Binmore, 1999) with three Nash equilibria (two suboptimal equilibria with a pure strategy and an optimal equilibrium with a mixed, egotistical strategy (p= 1/2)). This game also features a Harsanyi equilibrium (based on constant compliance with a moral code and altruism by empathy: "do not unto others that which you would not have them do unto you"). How, then, was the game played? Two teams of 8 competed on a handball court. Each team wore a distinctive jersey. The game lasted 15 minutes and the players were allowed to touch the handball ball with their feet or hands. After each goal, each team had to return to its own half of the court. Players were allowed to score in either goal and thus cooperate with their teammates or not, as they saw fit. A goal against the nominally opposing team (a "guardian" strategy, by analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game) earned a point for everyone in the team. For an own goal (a "sneaker" strategy), only the scorer earned a point - hence the paradox. If all the members of a team work together to score a goal, everyone is happy (the Harsanyi solution). However, the situation was not balanced in the Nashian sense: each player had a reason to be disloyal to his/her team at the merest opportunity. But if everyone adopts a "sneaker" strategy, the game becomes a free-for-all and the chances of scoring become much slimmer. In a context in which doubt reigns as to the honesty of team members and "legal betrayals", what type of sportsperson will score the most goals? By analogy with the Bluegill Sunbass Game, we recorded direct motor interactions (passes and shots) based on either a "guardian" tactic (i.e. collaboration within the team) or a "sneaker" tactic (shots and passes against the player's designated team). So, was the group of team sports specialist more collaborative than the other two groups? The answer was no. A statistical analysis (difference from chance in a logistic regression) enabled us to draw three conclusions: ?For the team sports specialists, the Nash equilibrium (1950) was stronger than the Harsanyi equilibrium (1977). ?The sporting principles of equilibrium and exclusivity are not appropriate in the Bluegill Sunbass Game and are quickly abandoned by the team sports specialists. The latter are opportunists who focus solely on winning and do well out of it. ?The most altruistic players are the main losers in the Bluegill Sunbass Game: they keep the game alive but contribute to their own defeat. In our experiment, the most altruistic players tended to be the females and the individual sports specialists

Cayó la yuta : Basta de contrabando en la pasiva

El presente trabajo esboza una crítica con base empírica y conceptual al análisis de la construcción pasiva basado en la operación contrabando (smuggling) propuesto por Collins (2005). En primer lugar, se exponen los argumentos de tipo empírico, los cuales se basan en aspectos de la construcción pasiva española (y de otras lenguas romance de sujeto nulo) que la derivación de Collins no permite explicar. Los fenómenos más salientes que se discuten son: (i) la imposibilidad de dar cuenta de los sujetos postverbales en la pasiva de lenguas romance de sujeto nulo (e.g. fueron detenidos los asaltantes) dado el ascenso del Sintagma de Participio a la posición de especificador de Voz (contra Belletti 2009); (ii) el obligatorio tratamiento como argumento verbal del complemento agente que impide dar cuenta de su comportamiento ante islas de extracción débiles (e.g. *por el docente, no sabe Juan por qué fue desaprobada María); (iii) y la imposibilidad de explicar el arrastre de la preposición (pied-piping) ante movimiento del nominal que recibe interpretación de argumento externo a la periferia izquierda (e.g. ¿por quién fueron arrestados los asaltantes?). Los argumentos conceptuales se basan, principalmente, en la inexistencia de requerimientos gramaticales para varias de las suboperaciones y movimientos de los que depende esta derivación de la pasiva. Además, se defienden las observaciones de Gehrke y Grillo (2007) con respecto a la naturaleza ad-hoc del análisis (que, en términos técnicos, se reducen a que las computaciones propuestas por Collins requieren "ver hacia adelante" (look-ahead) en la derivación). Ante estas consideraciones, se defiende el análisis de la construcción pasiva presentado durante el auge del modelo GB (Jaeggli 1986, Baker et al. 1989), el cual, sin ser perfecto, resulta mucho más consistente con respecto al requerimiento de adecuación descriptiva de toda teoría gramatical