1000 resultados para Padrão de trabalho


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deo apresentando os conceitos e ferramentas da epidemiologia - Sistema de Informações em Saúde (SIS)

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Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e comparativo, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, cujos dados foram extraídos de duas avaliações ocorridas nos anos de 2008 e 2010, com base nos instrumentos IV e V do projeto Avaliação para melhoria da qualidade (AMQ) criado em 2005 pelo Ministério da Saúde cujo objetivo é avaliar a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) nos municípios brasileiros e impulsionar o seu crescimento. É uma metodologia de autogestão ou gestão interna dos processos de melhoria contínua da qualidade, que avalia estrutura, processos e resultados e possui como diretrizes o processo de auto-avaliação, livre adesão pelos gestores, ausência de premiações ou punições relacionadas ao resultado bem como a privacidade das informações. Na aplicação dos questionários uma resposta afirmativa ao quesito avaliado considera um avanço no padrão de qualidade, que podem variar de elementar a avançado, nos diversos grandes grupos de avaliação. Observou-se nestes dois anos um avanço significativo nas questões relacionadas à organização do trabalho (de 25 para 52 de respostas afirmativas), acolhimento (de 62,5 para 93,75 de respostas afirmativas) e vigilância à saúde (de 42,85 para 85,71 de respostas afirmativas). Em contrapartida os itens promoção à saúde e controle social não ocorreram variações significativas, com um percentual pequeno de respostas afirmativas, o que mostra a necessidade de investir nestes quesitos. Nos grupos prioritários crianças, adolescentes, mulheres, homens adultos e idosos pode-se afirmar que ocorreu um aumento da cobertura das ações de puericultura e vacinação nos menores de cinco anos, porém o grupo dos adolescentes não sofreu impacto com as intervenções. Quanto ao adulto observou-se a necessidade de aprimorar as ações de vigilância à saúde, realizando busca ativa de mulheres com exames alterados e captação dos homens a realizarem avaliação de saúde. A faixa etária dos idosos também sofreu pouco impacto, mas tem sido alvo de discussões na Unidade referente aos cuidados e crescente demanda por serviços. Em uma avaliação global, levando em conta os dois cadernos avaliados (IV e V) foi possível concluir que no decorrer dos dois anos o serviço avançou em alguns 7 aspectos, resultantes ou não da avaliação anterior e de suas matrizes de intervenção. Através disso pode-se perceber que necessário se torna uma nova elaboração de matrizes e a implementação das ações que proporcionem melhorias. O AMQ também se mostra como uma importante ferramenta de gestão institucionalizada e sistemática dos serviços, sendo passível de acompanhamento por todos os níveis de gerenciamento e até mesmo para a população em geral, necessitando ser pactuada e inserida na rotina dos municípios, proporcionando uma metodologia de avaliação contínua e planejamento das ações para melhoria da assistência na APS.

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Os trabalhadores de enfermagem, em virtude de sua prática profissional, frequentemente estão expostos a riscos de contaminação em decorrência de acidentes de trabalho, em especial, os acidentes envolvendo materiais perfurocortantes. Os acidentes ocasionados por material perfurocortante, são frequentes e particularmente atribuídos ao constante manejo do profissional com o paciente. Com o objetivo de analisar as cargas de trabalho bem como os riscos de contaminação por acidentes de trabalho com material perfurocortante entre trabalhadores de enfermagem, esse trabalho originou-se de uma revisão da literatura através da exploração de fontes bibliográficas cujos descritores utilizados para a pesquisa foram "enfermagem, acidente de trabalho e risco de contaminação". Concluiu-se que as cargas de trabalho como cansaço, sobrecarga de trabalho, indisponibilidade de equipamentos de segurança e outros, são fatores que propiciam o envolvimento dos profissionais em acidentes de trabalho por materiais perfurocortantes. Observou-se que os profissionais de enfermagem são os que mais se envolvem em acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes, ficando mais expostos aos riscos de contaminação biológica inerente a esse tipo de acidente. Percebeu-se também que a Precaução Padrão juntamente com a Educação Permanente na Enfermagem são importantes aliados na prevenção e preservação da saúde dos trabalhadores expostos aos acidentes de trabalho e ao risco de contaminação.

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Diversos fatores impedem hoje o médico de atuar de forma efetiva na Atenção Básica em Saúde da Família no Brasil. Dentre eles a falta de padrão nas informações colhidas durante na consulta clínica e o desconhecimento de muitos profissionais sobre o processo de trabalho exigido no Programa de Saúde da Família. O Registro Eletrônico em Saúde (RES) poderá ser uma ferramenta capaz de guiar com segurança e conforto o médico na consulta. Este trabalho propõe a elaboração de um modelo de formulário eletrônico como orientador para o médico na execução e acompanhamento do Programa de Saúde da Mulher.

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Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.

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This work presents the development of low cost microprocessor-based equipment for generation of differential GPS correction signal, in real time, and configuration and supervision of the GPS base. The developed equipment contains a dedicated microcontroller connected to the GPS receiver, alphanumeric display and multifunction keyboard for configuration and operation of the system and communication interfaces. The electronic circuit has the function of receiving the information from GPS base; interpret them, converting the sentence in the RTCM SC-104 protocol. The microcontroller software makes the conversion of the signal received by the GPS base from the specific format to RTCM SC-104 protocol. The processing main board has two serials RS-232C standard interfaces. One of them is used for configuration and receiving the information generated by the GPS base. The other operates as output, sending the differential correction signal for the transmission system. The development of microprocessor-based equipment showed that it is possible the construction of a low cost private station for real time generation of differential GPS correction signal.

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Fresh tomato harvest is traditionally made without harvesting aids. The main goal of this research was to evaluate performance parameters of fresh tomato harvesting aid equipment and compare it to traditional harvest, in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, an equipment was developed and the harvest process was evaluated in four different ways: traditional system (harvest system used in Santa Luzia farm, Brotas, SP, Brazil), picker walking with a harvesting aid equipment, picker seated in a harvesting aid equipment and a composition of both systems: two pickers seated and one picker walking in two different velocities ranges. The different systems using harvesting aid showed an average yield by picker more efficient than reference. Harvest system using three pickers showed an increase of 290% on yield average by picker, on the range of 0.5-1.0 fruit per plant, followed by the systems with a walking picker, that increased productivity in 41%, and picker seated harvester, that showed an increase of 35%. These results demonstrate the importance of using a harvesting aid equipment.

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This work was carried out with the objective of studying the spatial variability of the physical attributes of a Red-Yellow Ultisol under pasture and secondary vegetation in natural regeneration. Two areas were chosen in a hillside, with the soil sampling to the depth of 0-0.2 m, with the georeferenced points in a regular grid of 10x10 m, totalizing 64 points. In each point it was evaluated the total volume of porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil water content. The studied attributes in the pasture area present indicator of soil compaction for the animals' traffic, with moderate and strong structure of spatial dependence, except for the macroporosity and penetration resistance. In the area of secondary vegetation (VN) only the macroporosity does not present spatial dependence. The total volume of porosity and the bulk density present the same spatial standard in the area under pasture.

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The swine breeder rearing environment directly affects the animal's performance. This research had the objective of developing a thermal, aerial and acoustic environmental evaluation pattern for boar housing. The experiment was carried on a commercial swine farm in Salto County -SP, Brazil. Thermal, aerial and acoustic environment data of rearing conditions were registered. Data were statistically analyzed using as threshold the ideal housing environment that leads to animal welfare. Results showed that ambient temperature was around 70% beyond normal range, while air relative humidity, air speed and gases concentration were within threshold values. Noise level data besides being within normal range did not present large variation. In relation to the fuzzy logic analysis it was possible to build up a scenario which indicated that the best welfare indexes to male swine breeders happens when thermal comfort index are close to 80%, and noise level is lower than 40 dB. In the other hand the worst welfare index occur in the sector where the thermal comfort values are below 40% at the same time that the noise level is higher than 80 dB leading to inadequate conditions to the animal, and may directly interfere in the reproduction system performance.

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The study assessed phloem canal development and ultra-structure in shoot apices of Spondias dulcis G. Forst., phloematic canal ultra-structure in shoot apices of Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and floral canal ultra-structure and development and fruit canal ultra-structure of the latter specie. The flower and fruit canals of Anacardium humile St.Hil. were also studied ultra-structurally. The canals in shoot apices of S. dulcis show schizo-lysigenous formation and the floral canals of T. guianensis show schizogenous development. Epithelial cells of S. dulcis and T. guianensis canals have rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, elongated plastids of several shapes with osmiophilic inclusions and dictyosomes with production of vesicles. Such organelles participate in the secretion of a heterogeneous exudate, which is comprised of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. The epithelial cells of the fruit of A. humile present elongated plastids with circular membrane system, which are involved in the synthesis of lipophilic substances. The results of the ultra-structural analyses of the epithelial cells corroborate the results previously obtained in a histochemical study. In the histochemical study, lipophilic and hydrophilic substances were identified in the canals of T. guinanensis and S. dulcis and only lipophilic substances were identified in the canals of A. humile. Based on the ultrastructural aspects of the secretory canals of T. guianensis and S. dulcis we concluded that the plastids of the epithelial cells of the two species are different although they produce secretion of similar composition. A new record for the family is the presence of a great number of circular plastids in epithelial cells of the fruit of Anacardium humile. The pattern found in the secretory canals of the studied species is the ecrine type of secretion release.

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Relief influences soil texture variability, since it contributes to the time of exposition of the materials to weathering factors. Our work was carried out in the city of Gavião Peixoto (SP), with the objective of characterizing the spatial variability of texture of a dystrophic Red Latosol cultivated with citrus. The hillside was divided into three segments: top, stocking lean and inferior lean. Soil samples were collected in a grid with regular intervals of 50 m, at the depths of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.6-0.8 m, comprising a total of 332 points in an area of 83.5 ha. The data were submitted to descriptive and geostatistics analyses (semivariogram modeling and kriging maps). The spatial behavior of the texture of oxisols is directly related to the relief forms in this study, which controls the direction of surface and subsurface water flows. The concept of homogeneity of clay distribution in the Oxisol profile is a piece of information that can be adjusted by knowing the spatial pattern of this distribution in different relief forms.

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Brazilian regulations prohibit the addition of cocoa butter replacements to chocolate, in total or partial substitution. The objective of the present work was to check the quality standards of four of coating bitter Brasilian chocolate bars and five of coating milk chocolate bars, commercialized in Campinas. In order to check the possible addition of substitutes, the triacylglycerol composition was determined, and the results were analysed by Padley & Timms mathematical method. The triacylglycerol composition of each sample was determined by high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC). The presence of cocoa butter replacements was not detected in the brands of coating chocolate.

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X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disease with clinical heterogeneity varying from presymptomatic individuals to rapidly progressive cerebral ALD forms. This disease is characterized by increased concentration of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plasma and in adrenal, testicular and nervous tissues. Affected individuals can be classified in different clinical settings, according to phenotypic expression and age at onset of initial symptoms. Molecular defects in X-ALD individuals usually result from ABCD1 gene mutations. In the present report we describe clinical data and the ABCD1 gene study in two boys affected with the childhood cerebral form that presented with different symptomatic manifestations at diagnosis. In addition, their maternal grandfather had been diagnosed with Addison's disease indicating phenotypic variation for X-ALD within this family. The mutation p.Trp132Ter was identified in both male patients; additionally, three females, out of eleven family members, were found to be heterozygous after screening for this mutation. In the present report, the molecular analysis was especially important since one of the heterozygous females was in first stages of pregnancy. Therefore, depending on the fetus outcome, if male and p.Trp132Ter carrier, storage of the umbilical cord blood should be recommended as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be considered as an option for treatment in the future.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física