Simulação de elevação do nível do mar na praia do Leme - RJ.

Os crescentes alertas sobre as mudanças climáticas e suas consequências vêm preocupando a sociedade de modo geral. Geram dúvidas sobre as reais modificações que podem ser ocasionadas, principalmente com relação aos efeitos da elevação do nível médio dos oceanos e seus efeitos nas regiões costeiras. Por vezes, as informações veiculadas contribuem para uma percepção limitada da extensão espaço-temporal dos fenômenos. Em paralelo, a democratização de mapas 2D e 3D está cada vez mais ampla, não sendo mais uma ferramenta direcionada apenas aos profissionais ligados à área da Cartografia e demais Geociências. Este é um dos enormes benefícios proporcionados pela Cartografia Digital. Porém, não teria tanto alcance sem a associação das informações a um poderoso veículo de divulgação como a Web. A Internet é um dos meios de comunicação mais democráticos do mundo e uma ferramenta de grande alcance na sociedade. O uso dessas ferramentas pode ser ainda mais explorado para a construção do conhecimento, permitindo aos cidadãos entenderem mais facilmente um determinado fenômeno por meio da sua visualização/simulação em tempo real. Isto melhora a formação de opinião e o posicionamento da sociedade sobre o caso em questão. Com base nessa argumentação, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de simular cenários de elevações do nível médio do mar e disponibilizá-los em formato de mapas interativos na Web utilizando um Modelo Digital de Elevação suficientemente acurado. Para isto, a área de estudo escolhida foi a Praia do Leme, situada no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Os processos para atingir os objetivos envolveram etapas de coleta de dados de campo, confecção de um banco de dados integrado a dados pré-existentes, interpolações, simulação de cenários da elevação do nível do mar e implementação de uma página Web. Os cenários investigados foram obtidos por simulações de elevações do nível do mar a cada 0,5m até 4,0m acima da cota atual. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a Praia do Leme sofrerá modificações geomorfológicas, com perda de até 18,0m da praia, para uma elevação do nível médio do mar de 2,0m. Entretanto, a orla litorânea sofrerá impactos significativos a partir de uma elevação do nível do mar de 3,0m, em que o avanço planimétrico do mar pode ficar entre 76 e 90m, o que atingiria o calçadão e a região do emissário de águas pluviais do Leme, respectivamente. Isto resultaria em um volume adicional de água na praia de, aproximadamente, 106.000m3 e uma perda de até 41.400m3 de areia. Somente a partir de 3,5m de elevação, o mar atingiria a Avenida Atlântica, sendo que, desta altitude em diante, todo o bairro do Leme seria gradualmente inundado pelo avanço do mar.

A avaliação da atenção básica e o trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde: implantação do PMAQ-AB na região do Médio Paraíba Fluminense

Este estudo tem por objeto a implantação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) na região do Médio Paraíba fluminense sob o olhar dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e dos gestores da Atenção Básica. A indagação norteadora desta pesquisa foi: em que medida o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) capta a importância do trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde? Partindo do pressuposto que o desenvolvimento do PMAQ não se dá, no concreto, de forma linear nem livre de tensões, e que o trabalho do ACS, por seu caráter de mediação, é um campo privilegiado para análise sobre essas tensões. O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar a implantação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) nos municípios da região do Médio Paraíba do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tomando como eixo de análise o processo de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde. O estudo apresenta uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, através de questionários, entrevistas e grupos focais e o método de análise dos dados qualitativos foi de base interpretativa com apoio do referencial da Hermenêutica-Dialética. O campo da pesquisa foi a região do Médio Paraíba fluminense. Os resultados evidenciam que na opinião dos gestores, o PMAQ aparece como uma estratégia norteadora do processo de trabalho das equipes, que possibilita o resgate de alguns princípios da ESF, já os ACS apontam que o seu primeiro contato com o PMAQ foi fundamentado na pactuação do cumprimento de metas que resultariam no pagamento de um incentivo financeiro. Percebemos que não existe uma crítica quanto a implantação do PMAQ, nem por parte da gestão, muito menos por parte das equipes. Não encontramos nos relatos dos gestores nenhuma menção ao trabalho do ACS, sua participação e importância em todas as fases do PMAQ. Os gestores consideram que o PMAQ promoveu uma mudança positiva na forma de organização do trabalho dos ACS. Os ACS não perceberam mudanças em sua rotina a partir da implantação do PMAQ, exceto pela questão da sobrecarga de trabalho. Conclui-se que o PMAQ-AB não capta a potencialidade e o trabalho dos ACS. A participação do ACS nas fases do PMAQ é identificada somente no aspecto instrumental, ou seja, dele ser um produtor, um registrador de informações.Para os gestores o PMAQ surge como algo que abre um horizonte positivo, de maior envolvimento e retomada de alguns processos pelas EAB, mas não é assim, de fato, que a questão chega até os ACS e, por consequência, nem para as equipes.

Climate forcing by changing solar radiation

By how much does changing radiation from the Sun influence Earth's climate compared with other natural and anthropogenic processes? Answering this question is necessary for making policy regarding anthropogenic global change, which must be detected against natural climate variability. Current knowledge of the amplitudes and time scales of solar radiative output variability available from contemporary solar monitoring and historical reconstructions can help specify climate forcing by changing radiation over multiple time scales.

Disease problems in shrimp sector in Khulna district of Bangladesh: a question of sustainability

Disease is the main restraining factor for the development of shrimp sector in Bangladesh. Both brackish water shrimp bagda (Penaeus monodon) and freshwater prawn golda, (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Bangladesh have been facing disease problem. A study on disease outbreak in both brackish water and freshwater small-scale shrimp farms (gher) in Khulna district was carried out through interviewing randomly selected 3-5% of shrimp farmers with a structured questionnaire during March to December, 2002. The study showed that 97% bagda farming ghers and 80% golda farming ghers were affected by disease. White spot disease was the severe disease for bagda, whereas, antenna rot was the main disease for freshwater prawn. Change of water and liming were carried out as control measures of disease for bagda shrimp farming, while it was only liming for golda farming. A small number of shrimp farmers (15%) used chemicals for treatment of shrimp diseases. Development of suitable farming technology to prevent disease contamination and innovation of proper treatments for diseases are required to overcome the disease problems for sustainable shrimp farming in Bangladesh.

Global analysis of dynamical decision-making models through local computation around the hidden saddle

Bistable dynamical switches are frequently encountered in mathematical modeling of biological systems because binary decisions are at the core of many cellular processes. Bistable switches present two stable steady-states, each of them corresponding to a distinct decision. In response to a transient signal, the system can flip back and forth between these two stable steady-states, switching between both decisions. Understanding which parameters and states affect this switch between stable states may shed light on the mechanisms underlying the decision-making process. Yet, answering such a question involves analyzing the global dynamical (i.e., transient) behavior of a nonlinear, possibly high dimensional model. In this paper, we show how a local analysis at a particular equilibrium point of bistable systems is highly relevant to understand the global properties of the switching system. The local analysis is performed at the saddle point, an often disregarded equilibrium point of bistable models but which is shown to be a key ruler of the decision-making process. Results are illustrated on three previously published models of biological switches: two models of apoptosis, the programmed cell death and one model of long-term potentiation, a phenomenon underlying synaptic plasticity. © 2012 Trotta et al.

中学生问题解决中操作要求对资源分配的影响

Schema acquisition is one of the mechanisms of learning. How to design reasonable teaching material to promote schema acquisition is an important question that psychological researchers and educators both interested. Cognitive Load Theory indicates that: The cognitive resource of Human is limited, the organization and presentation of the learning material should avoid demanding the learner consume resource in actions that have nothing to do with schema acquisition. How can we do that? Sweller. J. et think: Increasing the operation cost of the learning material would make the students put more resource into the implementation of the operation, this kind of resource consuming has nothing to do with schema acquisition. So, in order to make the students put more resource into actions which relating to schema acquisition, we should decrease the operation cost of the learning material. But, the research results of O'Hara et indicate: In problem-solving of knowledge lean field, increasing the operation cost would make the college students invent more resource to plan and understanding actions. So, Increasing the operation cost would facilitate the schema acquisition. How operation cost will effect the Middle-School Students' (MSS) schema acquisition and resource distribution when they solve problems of knowledge lean/rich field? This is the main question this research want to make inquiry. IN this research, we use three experiments indicate: Increasing the operation cost of actions, the implementing action would be less and the planning action would be more. So, increasing the operation cost can promote the schema acquisition. We use "cost-benefit analysis" strategy to explain this result. This strategy means that: Human is rational, before doing one action, he will weigh the cost and the coming benefit of this action, if the coming benefit is higher than the cost, he will implement this action; if the cost is higher than the coming benefit, this action will be contained. On the one hand, this research further affirms the core opinion of the Cognitive Load Theory: Human's cognitive resource is limited, we should put the limited resource into actions which is related to the schema acquisition; On the other hand, for the learning material designing principle which is advanced by the Cognitive Load Theory, we raise our questions. Besides, the question we raised holds some identical views with the constructive learning opinion: Learning is not passive information absorption, but positively constructing the meaning of the information, besides, this kind of construction can't done by others. The result of this research can provide some theory guidance and experimental basis for the designing of the MSS's science teaching material from a complete new angle.

Evaluation of the Specialist Libraries/Communities of Practice. Report for National Library for Health

Cooper, J., Spink, S., Thomas, R. & Urquhart, C. (2005). Evaluation of the Specialist Libraries/Communities of Practice. Report for National Library for Health. Aberystwyth: Department of Information Studies, University of Wales Aberystwyth. Sponsorship: National Library for Health (NLH)

Wykładnia funkcjonalna a zmiana społeczno-polityczna. Studium teoretycznoprawne

Wydział Prawa i Administracji: Katedra Teorii i Filozofii Prawa

A survey of fingerprint classification Part II: experimental analysis and ensemble proposal

In the first part of this paper we reviewed the fingerprint classification literature from two different perspectives: the feature extraction and the classifier learning. Aiming at answering the question of which among the reviewed methods would perform better in a real implementation we end up in a discussion which showed the difficulty in answering this question. No previous comparison exists in the literature and comparisons among papers are done with different experimental frameworks. Moreover, the difficulty in implementing published methods was stated due to the lack of details in their description, parameters and the fact that no source code is shared. For this reason, in this paper we will go through a deep experimental study following the proposed double perspective. In order to do so, we have carefully implemented some of the most relevant feature extraction methods according to the explanations found in the corresponding papers and we have tested their performance with different classifiers, including those specific proposals made by the authors. Our aim is to develop an objective experimental study in a common framework, which has not been done before and which can serve as a baseline for future works on the topic. This way, we will not only test their quality, but their reusability by other researchers and will be able to indicate which proposals could be considered for future developments. Furthermore, we will show that combining different feature extraction models in an ensemble can lead to a superior performance, significantly increasing the results obtained by individual models.

Badania archeologiczne a obrazowanie wizualne przeszłości

One can say that our times are dominated by visual communication. Usually all day long we have been faced by various pictures, visual forms and symbols. According to the subject of the book 'Archaeology-Culture-Ideologies' I found it interesting to pay attention to the problem of visual representation, or better say visual symbols in nowadays communication and culture, their meaning and importance. From this point of view I would like to show the role of archaeologists who discover, interpret or even create some of them. The subject is not new of course, but the most often it is taken into consideration by the scholars who practice in social anthropology or philosophy and quite rarely it appear in studies of archaeologies, especially in Polish tradition. In my opinion the subject concerning visual symbols communication and archaeology arise several important questions that are also valid for the theme of book 'Archaeology-Culture-Ideologies'. The first is socio-cultural role of our discipline, next the danger of political and propaganda misuse of the results of archaeological research and then also commercialisation of the archaeological activities. The problem of visualisation and visual-communication can be the matter of various studies. In my paper from the beginning I would like to present the general view concerning visual symbols and figural motifs and the main ideas and approaches to study them from different humanistic perspectives. Then in my presentation I am going to discuss the question why in our culture the visual symbols and representations became so popular – compare to other ways of human expression, for example verbal symbol communication. I would like to see the problem in historical perspective as well. There are a lot of evidences, which support the statement about the power of visual symbols in history. In ancient times for example Horace in 'Ars Poetica' suggested that human mind usually is much more impressed by eyes than by ears. In my opinion that is quite often in human culture that visual impression is before mental one. Visual representations and symbols are very powerful, they can show and communicate various phenomena, they act immediately and quite often in easily way they can associate. So for archaeological research it could be very important to make some studies concerning the ancient symbols and general iconography and also it would be grateful to make some attempts for the study what kind of potential meaning could have visual symbols. In my paper I can only make some general statement about it. But the most important for the topic is reflection on prehistoric and ancient visual symbols and representation and their presence in contemporary culture. So after some general statements concerning the visual symbols examined from various perspectives finally I would like to point out with support of some examples how ancient and prehistoric visual symbols and images are still used and captured by contemporary culture and what is or should be the role of archaeologists activity concerning this matter.

Refugee Question as an International Global Problem

The problem of refugees is a phenomenon characteristic of contemporary international relations. It can take an individual form (as a result of individual persecutions of a racial, religious, national or political character) or the form of mass relocations, especially in the face of military conflicts or general breaching of human rights. The purpose of this paper is to present the refugee question as an international global problem that may appear in any region of the world, impacting the situation of states and societies, that is perceived as both a threat and a fundamental challenge for the entire international community.

Antysemityzm w Królestwie Polskim. Geneza i kształtowanie się nowoczesnej ideologii antyżydowskiej (1864-1914)

Wydział Historyczny

Thomas Wolfe and the genre question: Beyond the "charge of autobiography"

The North Carolinian author Thomas Wolfe (1900‐1938) has long suffered under the “charge of autobiography,” which lingers to this day in critical assessments of his work. Criticism of Wolfe is frequently concerned with questions of generic classification, but since the 1950s, re‐assessments of Wolfe’s work have suggested that Wolfe’s “autobiographical fiction” exhibits a complexity that merits further investigation. Strides in autobiographical and narrative theory have prompted reconsiderations of texts that defy the artificial boundaries of autobiography and fiction. Wolfe has been somewhat neglected in the canon of American fiction of his era, but deserves to be reconsidered in terms of how he engages with the challenges and contradictions of writing about or around the self. This thesis investigates why Wolfe’s work has been the source of considerable critical discomfort and confusion with regard to the relationship between Wolfe’s life and his writing. It explores this issue through an examination of elements of Wolfe’s work that problematise categorisation. Firstly, it investigates the concept of Wolfe as “storyteller.” It explores the motivations and philosophies that underpin Wolfe’s work and his concept of himself as a teller of tales, and examines aspects of Wolfe’s writing process that have their roots in medieval traditions of the memorisation and recitation of tales. The thesis then conducts a detailed examination of how Wolfe describes the process of transforming his memory into narrative through writing. The latter half of the thesis examines narrative techniques used by Wolfe, firstly analysing his extensive use of the iterative and pseudo‐iterative modes, and then his unusual deployment of narrators and focalization. This project sheds light on elements of Wolfe’s approach to writing and narrative strategies that he employs that have previously been overlooked, and that have created considerable critical confusion with regard to the supposedly “autobiographical” genesis of his work.

A social history of sport in Cork, Tipperary and Waterford, c. 1880-1930

This thesis seeks to explore the development of sport in Munster in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by comparing developments in three counties: Cork, Tipperary and Waterford. In particular this thesis considers the development of rugby and soccer in comparative perspective across these three counties, asking what local factors impacted on their uneven development in the region and considering the extent to which the traditional model of diffusion applies to the reception of these sports in the three counties. By giving consideration to these two particular non-indigenous sports, the thesis will, through answering that question, explore ideas of cultural reception, national identity and class as expressed at local level. These themes will be explored by placing the comparative analysis of these two sports into a wider context of sporting development regionally and nationally in the period, in particular the emerging commercialisation of sport, and also the diverse sporting culture of which these two sports were a part. Utilising a wide range of archival sources from local, national and sporting newspapers, to club records, official publications and ephemera this thesis builds a picture of sport in Munster that is deeply rooted in the community, and that forms an important facet of the social world of Cork, Tipperary and Waterford from 1880-1930.