Performance of the CMS cathode strip chambers with cosmic rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47μm to 243μm. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Aligning the CMS muon chambers with the muon alignment system during an extended cosmic ray run

The alignment system for the muon spectrometer of the CMS detector comprises three independent subsystems of optical and analog position sensors. It aligns muon chambers with respect to each other and to the central silicon tracker. System commissioning at full magnetic field began in 2008 during an extended cosmic ray run. The system succeeded in tracking muon detector movements of up to 18 mm and rotations of several milliradians under magnetic forces. Depending on coordinate and subsystem, the system achieved chamber alignment precisions of 140-350 μm and 30-200 μrad, close to the precision requirements of the experiment. Systematic errors on absolute positions are estimated to be 340-590 μm based on comparisons with independent photogrammetry measurements. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Precise mapping of the magnetic field in the CMS barrel yoke using cosmic rays

The CMS detector is designed around a large 4 T superconducting solenoid, enclosed in a 12 000-tonne steel return yoke. A detailed map of the magnetic field is required for the accurate simulation and reconstruction of physics events in the CMS detector, not only in the inner tracking region inside the solenoid but also in the large and complex structure of the steel yoke, which is instrumented with muon chambers. Using a large sample of cosmic muon events collected by CMS in 2008, the field in the steel of the barrel yoke has been determined with a precision of 3 to 8% depending on the location. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in cosmic-ray events

The performance of muon reconstruction in CMS is evaluated using a large data sample of cosmic-ray muons recorded in 2008. Efficiencies of various high-level trigger, identification, and reconstruction algorithms have been measured for a broad range of muon momenta, and were found to be in good agreement with expectations from Monte Carlo simulation. The relative momentum resolution for muons crossing the barrel part of the detector is better than 1% at 10 GeV/c and is about 8% at 500 GeV/c, the latter being only a factor of two worse than expected with ideal alignment conditions. Muon charge misassignment ranges from less than 0.01% at 10GeV/c to about 1% at 500 GeV/c. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Can overharvesting of a non-timber-forest-product change the regeneration dynamics of a tropical rainforest? The case study of Euterpe edulis

The exploitation of non-timber forest products is often considered a low-impact activity in tropical forests. However, assessments of the impacts of such activity are mostly focused on the harvested species and not on the plant community, thus limiting our understanding for establishing forest management recommendations. We investigated the consequences of Euterpe edulis palm heart harvesting on the seed rain in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. We compared the density of E. edulis individuals, as well as the density of E. edulis seeds, and the density, richness and functional composition of seed rain of the whole plant community, before and after palm heart harvesting in a 10 ha permanent plot. This assessment was carried out in preserved (typical old-growth Atlantic rainforest) and in disturbed (more open habitat dominated by the native bamboo Guadua tagoara) forest patches. Palm harvesting reduced the E. edulis population from 202.16 to 25.67 ind/ha and its seed rain density from 0.362 to 0.3 seeds/m2 and from 2.395 to 0.15 seeds/m2 in preserved and disturbed forest patches, respectively. Seed density of light-dependent climbers, pioneer trees, bamboo and animal-dispersed seeds increased after palm harvesting, especially in the disturbed forest patches, where palm harvesting was more intense and may have changed the light regime of the understory. On the other hand, species richness of the plant community declined by half. We observed a remarkable decline in the number of animal-dispersed species, especially for those with large seeds, suggesting that the activity of seed dispersers, including many species attracted by E. edulis fruits, was reduced. Therefore, harvesting of E. edulis palm heart may change the regeneration dynamics of the Atlantic rainforest, both due to shifts in forest structure, mediated by the removal of individuals from the forest canopy, and in community functioning, mediated by the interference on the activity of seed dispersers. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparação da espirometria, da qualidade de vida e da capacidade funcional de exercício em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana estável de acordo com a história tabágica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Marine project ideas for the Haitian port of Miragoane: provisional version

Includes bibliography

Chile: congestión portuaria y racionamiento eficiente en la transferencia de carga

El sistema de precios difícilmente puede eliminar la congestión en la transferencia de carga portuaria en períodos de máxima afluencia (peak), pues el uso del puerto no depende tanto de factores estacionales como sobre todo de la llegada simultánea de barcos, situación que conduce al racionamiento de su uso. En este artículo se muestra que el racionamiento eficiente debe hacerse de acuerdo con el valor de la carga transferida más que según el orden de arribo de las naves (first-come-first-served ). Se evidencia que en un racionamiento eficiente se da prioridad a la carga en contenedores, luego a la fraccionada y por último a la carga en graneles. Se aplican estos resultados a la transferencia de carga en el puerto concesionado de San Antonio Terminal Internacional de Chile.

Cruceros turísticos en América del Sur: nuevas oportunidades y desafíos

La mayor disponibilidad de tiempo libre y de ingresos personales, no sólo en los países desarrollados, sino también de los emergentes, ha generado una demanda que, los armadores de naves han sabido capitalizar mediante la oferta de servicios de cruceros en un segmento de la industria turística que observa un aumento exponencial.En la búsqueda de destinos alternativos para los cruceros turísticos, en años recientes los países del Cono Sur del continente, han recibido en la temporada veraniega noviembre-marzo una cantidad alentadora de naves de turismo y pasajeros, lo que permite vislumbrar la incorporación definitiva de la subregión al circuito internacional de los cruceros turísticos. Para ello, sin embargo, será necesario invertir en facilidades portuarias y terminales de pasajeros, lo cual representa una oportunidad para la participación privada en la provisión y explotación de esas facilidades.

La industria de cruceros turísticos y su impacto en América del Sur

La industria mundial de los cruceros turísticos registra un crecimiento sostenido por largo tiempo, su expectativa para los próximos años es alentadora y se sustenta en una atractiva rentabilidad y reducción de costos mediante la utilización de naves cada vez mayores, que están haciendo accesible esta nueva forma de hacer turismo a un segmento de personas cada vez más numeroso.Las rutas de Sudamérica, visitadas por una amplia variedad de armadores, han sido un reflejo del crecimiento de esta industria a nivel mundial, siendo necesario aprovechar esta oportunidad para brindar servicios que demandan importante cantidad de mano de obra y desarrollar la infraestructura portuaria para satisfacer a los requerimientos de naves y turistas evitando que éstos emigren a otras rutas.

Maritime Cabotage Services: Prospects and Challenges

This edition of the FAL Bulletin is based on the document entitled 'Serie de la CEPAL, RNI, 32: Transporte marítimo regional y de cabotaje en América Latina y el Caribe: el caso de Chile', which is available on the Internet at www.eclac.cl/transporte/perfil/cap3tranmar.asp. Information is also included on other subregions based on studies that are currently being prepared.

Perdas na colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar crua em função do desgaste das facas do corte de base

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Síntese e propriedades físicas de cerâmicas ferroelétricas de PMN-PT

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste de uma resina composta odontológica nanoparticulada empregando diferentes tempos de fotopolimerização

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Efeito da escarificação e luminosidade na germinação in vitro de sementes de cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC.)

A cagaiteira é uma espécie nativa do Cerrado com elevado potencial frutífero. Como suas sementes apresentam elevada variabilidade, sendo ainda recalcitrantes e dormentes, a germinação in vitro apresenta-se como uma alternativa para a propagação da espécie, além de permitir a obtenção de explantes juvenis para a micropropagação. Com presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da escarificação e da luminosidade na germinação in vitro de sementes de cagaiteira. Sementes desprovidas do tegumento e sementes intactas foram inoculadas em meio MS e mantidas na ausência e presença de luz. Sementes desprovidas de tegumento germinadas tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz apresentaram 86,25% e 88,25% de germinação aos 31 e 71 dias da inoculação, respectivamente. Após 150 dias de inoculação, plântulas provenientes de sementes desprovidas de tegumento, germinadas na presença e ausência de luminosidade, apresentaram 10% e 12% de anomalias, respectivamente.