Desenvolvimento do currículo do 4º ano de escolaridade: análise da utilização de uma plataforma de e-learning em contexto escolar

Partindo de um sentido de inovação pedagógica assente numa concepção de clara ruptura com abordagens pedagógicas tradicionalistas ligadas a uma certa perspectiva transmissiva/reprodutiva do saber, o presente trabalho de investigação analisa a utilização, em contexto curricular escolar, de uma plataforma de e-learning, considerando um enquadramento referencial de natureza construtivista, no qual, o aluno possa assumir um papel central e activo, na criação do seu próprio conhecimento. Consistindo numa abordagem de natureza qualitativa, o estudo de caso apresentado releva um paradigma interpretativo decorrente da análise da utilização, pelos alunos, de uma turma do 4º Ano de escolaridade, da plataforma de e-learning ―Escola Virtual™‖. Para tal intento, a diversidade de técnicas de recolha de dados — observação participante, entrevistas , e análise documental — ao permitirem uma triangulação dos mesmos, fundamentam um aprofundado sentido de comprensão do fenómeno analisado. Deste modo, a investigação centra-se em 3 componentes referenciais: Componente Pedagógica, Componente de Conteúdos e Componente de Interface. Os resultados obtidos revelam que, no âmbito da primeira componente, surgem especialmente facilitados os processos colaborativos entre os alunos, embora num contexto de interacção presencial e com carácter essencialmente pontual; a actuação docente, mantendo o seu carácter imprescindível, adquire uma dimensão de maior proximidade e orientação dos alunos enquanto, por seu turno, o nível motivacional dos alunos é estimulado, focalizando o aluno nas tarefas de aprendizagem. A natureza do feedback presente, no entanto, revelou-se um factor com efeitos prejudiciais para os processos de reflexão e metacognição dos alunos. No respeitante aos conteúdos, foi evidente alguma ligeireza e fragilidade de concepção em muitos deles, comprovada por uma quantidade expressiva de erros e lapsos de diversa natureza; enquanto que a natureza pré-formatada dos conteúdos — estruturando-os em ―Objectos de Aprendizagem‖ — limitou significativamente a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de procressos activos e criativos por parte do aluno, bem como, anulando a capacidade de abordagem de competências de natureza prática previstas no Programa Nacional do Ensino Básico. Por fim, o interface que, embora caracterizando-se pela sua intuitividade e simplicidade, suporta um limitado grau de controlo, pelos alunos, sobre os fluxos interactivos, reduzidos às suas expressões mais elementares. No seu aspecto global podemos considerar que, num contexto curricular escolar, a plataforma ―Escola Virtual‖ não se constitui como uma ferramenta de aprendizagem capaz de se enquadrar num paradigma de inovação pedagógica congruente com o sentido atrás defendido,não obstante possamos entender, que a mesma, constitua uma potencial mais-valia no âmbito da consolidação e testagem de conhecimentos préviamente adquiridos.

Aplicação do processamento de sinal à análise e síntese de agrupamentos

Universidade do Algarve

Idosos em internamento hospitalar com dificuldades de reinserção sócio-familiar: análise multidimensional na Região Autónoma da Madeira

O presente estudo, de natureza exploratória, descritiva e correlacional, pretende compreender e possibilitar a reflexão sobre os aspetos que possam ser predicativos da situação em que se encontram os idosos hospitalizados na Região Autónoma da Madeira (RAM) com dificuldades de reinserção social - denominadas por “altas problemáticas”. Para o efeito foram estudadas a componente cognitiva ( Mini Mental State Examination), a dependência nas atividades de vida ( Indíce de Barthel) e a rede de suporte social (Lubben). Correlacionamos estas variáveis e as variáveis sociodemográficas de forma a analisarmos a significância das relações. A população é constituída pela totalidade dos idosos hospitalizados (97) dos quais participaram 94. A maioria dos inquiridos é do género feminino (68%), com idades entre os 60 e 97 anos e com uma média de 82 anos, hospitalizados no serviço de Medicina (87,6%) e provenientes do concelho do Funchal (52,6%). A maioria dos participantes (80,9%) é totalmente dependente para as atividades de vida diária e 75,5% apresentam uma rede social muito limitada, sendo que, os homens têm menor rede de apoio social do que as mulheres (96,6%). Dos 18 idosos que não têm dependência total, 72,2% apresentam défice cognitivo. Os resultados apontam para uma correlação não significativa nesta população, nas variáveis estudadas. Aferimos que entre os idosos com dependência moderada, 50% tem rede social menos limitada enquanto que nos restantes níveis de dependência apresenta com maior frequência uma rede social muito limitada e que a ocorrência das altas problemáticas acontecem independentemente do acumular de situações com dependência e défice cognitivo. Resultado idêntico apuramos, na relação estudada entre o défice cognitivo e a rede de apoio social, uma vez que podemos afirmar que não existe associação entre a presença de défice cognitivo e rede social de apoio, pois 60% dos idosos sem défice cognitivo apresentam uma rede social muito limitada e 69% dos idosos com défice cognitivo apresentam resultado similar. Constata-se, assim que apesar de não serem observados coeficientes de correlação significativos, os parâmetros estudados indicam que um idoso pode incorrer numa situação de alta problemática independentemente do grau de dependência, rede social e/ ou presença de défice cognitivo, sem que seja possível aferir do efeito aditivo destes fatores.

Desordem coordenativa no desenvolvimento em crianças dos 3-6 Anos de idade dos Concelhos de Santarém e Rio Maior: incidência, análise dinâmica do equilíbrio e da lateralidade e influência de intervenção planeada

Identificar e analisar o comportamento motor em termos coordenativos em crianças dos 3 aos 6 anos de idade nos concelhos de Rio Maior e Santarém foi um dos nossos propósitos ao iniciar este processo científico. As crianças foram avaliadas com o teste MABC-2, exibindo os resultados do seu padrão motor coordenativo numa amostra representativa da população em causa. Com base nestes resultados analisámos o padrão motor coordenativo em função da idade, sexo, lateralidade. Observámos o comportamento das crianças com provável DCD e risco em termos da preferência e consistência da lateralidade. Posteriormente usando um teste de Midline Crossing procurámos analisar a dinâmica do uso da mão numa vertente de sistemas não lineares. Ainda nesta perspetiva teórica analisámos o equilíbrio, aspeto considerado preocupante nesta desordem para algumas crianças, através da análise de recorrência. Os instrumentos usados diferiram entre estudos em função dos objetivos de cada um: MABC-2, Midline Crossing, Questionário de Van Strien. Outro dos objetivos do nosso estudo recaiu no processo de intervenção junto de crianças em risco ou com provável desordem coordenativa no desenvolvimento. Em relação à nossa amostra encontrámos na literatura uma percentagem similar em termos de incidência de crianças com provável DCD e risco, por sexo e lateralidade. Constatámos que a percentagem de crianças com provável DCD apresenta uma representatividade percentual de acordo com a literatura. Existindo uma maior percentagem de sinistrómanos com provável DCD e do sexo masculino. Verificámos através dos sistemas não lineares que o comportamento das crianças com provável DCD se assemelha às crianças típicas, necessitando de um reforço na intervenção de forma a colmatar algumas das suas dificuldades. Verificámos que as crianças DCD são mais suscetíveis aos constrangimentos extrínsecos. Finalmente concluímos que a intervenção pode criar condições de excelência para modificar os padrões e perfis de comportamento.

Para que servem hoje nossas cozinhas? :uma análise de uso das cozinhas do Plano 100 (Natal-RN)

This work investigates the using of kitchens of the apartments of PLANO 100 in Natal-RN, through one method s set of the functional and behavior evaluation. The theme was selected through of the emergence of the many questions that sought to understand what manners how individuals relates to the constructed space, what was the possible changes caused by these relation, also verifying how this space interferes in a daily life of theirs users. This research to search answers what to improve of the study s object and in futures production s architectonic too. The used approach combined an overview of new kinds of familiar arrangements and the evolution process of the brazilian s kitchens within social context of Brazil, with APO (Post-Occupation Evaluation), techniques through a physical space survey, questionnaires and interviews with users. Beyond to APO s implements were applied behavior setting s techniques too, what presented the most knowledge about to satisfactions levels pointed by the users

Da bancada ao Bureau: análise do desenvolvimento da biotecnologia no Nordeste Brasileiro sob o enfoque de Sistema Regional de Inovação

The starting point of the present work consisted of investigating the development of biotechnology in the Northeast region of Brazil from the perspective of a Regional Innovation System (RIS). The theoretical framework adopted relied on the approaches and concepts presented by the Neo-Schumpeterian perspective. This framework was chosen because, by means of the Innovation System concept, this literature allows us to analyze the relationships and configurations of actors, as well as the role of the state and of social, science and technology, and economic policies in the studied region. The analysis considered four selected dimensions: physical infrastructure, human capital, scientific production, and funding. These variables were chosen because they allow us to verify the possibilities and limitations of developing a biotechnology RIS in the Northeast of Brazil, and these elements would help in answering the question behind this dissertation. The location of the physical infrastructure was determined by means of bibliographic and documental research and interviews with heads of institutions that do biotechnology research. Regarding human capital, the analysis focused on resource training in biotechnology, highlighting graduate courses and research groups in the area. To measure knowledge production, we delimited scientific collaboration among researchers in the field of biotechnology as the focus of this category. For the funding dimension, information was gathered from reports available at the websites of national and state funding agencies. The data was analyzed through method triangulation, involving quantitative and qualitative research stages. To back the analyses, we revisited the integration policies in the area of Science, Technology and Innovation. Our analysis has shown that these policies play a crucial role in the development of biotechnology in the region being studied. The data revealed that the physical infrastructure is concentrated in only three states (Bahia, Ceará, and Pernambuco). In this regard, the Northeast Biotechnology Network (Renorbio) stands out as a strategic actor, enabling states with poor infrastructure to develop research through partnerships with institutions located in another state. We have also verified that the practices involving human resource training and knowledge production are factors that enable the emergence of a regional system for biotechnology in the studied region. As limitations, we have verified the low immersion level of regional actors, the heterogeneity of socioeconomic indicators, the lack of financial resources, and a low innovation culture in the business sector. Overall, we have concluded that the development of a Regional Innovation System in Biotechnology, based on the current regional dynamics, depends on an effective change in the behavior of the social agents involved, both in the national and regional dimensions as well as in the public and private spheres

Desenvolvimento de um protótipo para análise dinâmica da dureza de superfícies metálicas

In this paper we developed a prototype for dynamic and quantitative analysis of the hardness of metal surfaces by penetration tests. It consists of a micro-indenter which is driven by a gear system driven by three-rectified. The sample to be tested is placed on a table that contains a load cell that measures the deformation in the sample during the penetration of micro-indenter. With this prototype it is possible to measure the elastic deformation of the material obtained by calculating the depth of penetration in the sample from the difference of turns between the start of load application to the application of the load test and return the indenter until the complete termination of load application. To determine the hardness was used to measure the depth of plastic deformation. We used 7 types of steel trade to test the apparatus. There was a dispersion of less than 10% for five measurements made on each sample and a good agreement with the values of firmness provided by the manufacturers.

Análise comparativa entre as propriedades do gesso obtido de rejeito da produção de sal e gesso comerciais

The environmental impacts, caused by the solid residues generation, are an often quoted concern nowadays. Some of these residues, which are originated from different human activities, can be fully reused, reducing the effects of the poor waste management on the environment. During the salt production process, the first formed crystals are discarded as industrial waste. This is mainly made of gypsum that is a calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O). The gypsum in question may go through a calcination process due to the plaster (CaSO4.0,5H2O) production and then the application on the cement industry. Considering the necessity of development and application for these industrial wastes, this paper aims to analyze the plaster, called Salgesso, from the gypsum that was generated during the salt production, and its use viability on the civil construction industry in order to create environmental and economical benefits. For characterization, the following experiments were performed: X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DTG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with EDS. The following tests were also performed to obtain the mechanical characteristics: Thinness Modulus, Unit Mass, Setting Time and Compressive Resistance. Three commercial plasters used on civil construction were taken as references. All of these tests were performed according to the current standards. It was noticed that although there were some conflicting findings between the salt and commercial plasters in all of the studied properties, the Salgesso has its values within the standard limits. However, there is the possibility to improve them by doing a more effective calcination process. Three commercial plasters, used in construction, were used as reference material. All tests were performed according to standards in force. It was observed that although some tests present conflicting findings between the salt and gypsum plasters commercial properties in all of the studied Salgesso have values within the limits imposed by the standard, but can be improved simply by calcination process more effective

Desenvolvimento de um sistema Inteligente para a análise de cartas dinamométricas no método de elevação por bombeio mecânico

The artificial lifting of oil is needed when the pressure of the reservoir is not high enough so that the fluid contained in it can reach the surface spontaneously. Thus the increase in energy supplies artificial or additional fluid integral to the well to come to the surface. The rod pump is the artificial lift method most used in the world and the dynamometer card (surface and down-hole) is the best tool for the analysis of a well equipped with such method. A computational method using Artificial Neural Networks MLP was and developed using pre-established patterns, based on its geometry, the downhole card are used for training the network and then the network provides the knowledge for classification of new cards, allows the fails diagnose in the system and operation conditions of the lifting system. These routines could be integrated to a supervisory system that collects the cards to be analyzed

Uma metodologia para a análise do desempenho sustentável dos postos de revenda de combustível na cidade de Natal/RN, com o uso de data envelopment analysis-DEA

The increasing use of fossil fuels in line with cities demographic explosion carries out to huge environmental impact in society. For mitigate these social impacts, regulatory requirements have positively influenced the environmental consciousness of society, as well as, the strategic behavior of businesses. Along with this environmental awareness, the regulatory organs have conquered and formulated new laws to control potentially polluting activities, mostly in the gas stations sector. Seeking for increasing market competitiveness, this sector needs to quickly respond to internal and external pressures, adapting to the new standards required in a strategic way to get the Green Badge . Gas stations have incorporated new strategies to attract and retain new customers whom present increasingly social demand. In the social dimension, these projects help the local economy by generating jobs and income distribution. In this survey, the present research aims to align the social, economic and environmental dimensions to set the sustainable performance indicators at Gas Stations sector in the city of Natal/RN. The Sustainable Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) framework was create with a set of indicators for mapping the production process of gas stations. This mapping aimed at identifying operational inefficiencies through multidimensional indicators. To carry out this research, was developed a system for evaluating the sustainability performance with application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through a quantitative method approach to detect system s efficiency level. In order to understand the systemic complexity, sub organizational processes were analyzed by the technique Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) figuring their micro activities to identify and diagnose the real causes of overall inefficiency. The sample size comprised 33 Gas stations and the conceptual model included 15 indicators distributed in the three dimensions of sustainability: social, environmental and economic. These three dimensions were measured by means of classical models DEA-CCR input oriented. To unify performance score of individual dimensions, was designed a unique grouping index based upon two means: arithmetic and weighted. After this, another analysis was performed to measure the four perspectives of SBSC: learning and growth, internal processes, customers, and financial, unifying, by averaging the performance scores. NDEA results showed that no company was assessed with excellence in sustainability performance. Some NDEA higher efficiency Gas Stations proved to be inefficient under certain perspectives of SBSC. In the sequence, a comparative sustainable performance and assessment analyzes among the gas station was done, enabling entrepreneurs evaluate their performance in the market competitors. Diagnoses were also obtained to support the decision making of entrepreneurs in improving the management of organizational resources and promote guidelines the regulators. Finally, the average index of sustainable performance was 69.42%, representing the efforts of the environmental suitability of the Gas station. This results point out a significant awareness of this segment, but it still needs further action to enhance sustainability in the long term

Desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas alternativas por cromatografia gasosa para análise de biodiesel

Since the beginning of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel in Brazil, in 2004, different raw materials were evaluated for biodiesel production, trying to combine the agricultural diversity of the country to the desire to reduce production coasts. To determine the chemical composition of biodiesel produced from common vegetables oils, international methods have been used widely in Brazil. However, for analyzing biodiesel samples produced from some alternative raw materials analytical problems have been detected. That was the case of biodiesel from castor oil. Due the need to overcome these problems, new methodologies were developed using different chromatographic columns, standards and quantitative methods. The priority was simplifying the equipment configuration, realizing faster analyses, reducing the costs and facilitating the routine of biodiesel research and production laboratories. For quantifying free glycerin, the ethylene glycol was used in instead of 1,2,4-butanetriol, without loss of quality results. The ethylene glycol is a cheaper and easier standard. For methanol analyses the headspace was not used and the cost of the equipment used was lower. A detailed determination of the esters helped the deeper knowledge of the biodiesel composition. The report of the experiments and conclusions of the research that resulted in the development of alternative methods for quality control of the composition of the biodiesel produced in Brazil, a country with considerable variability of species in agriculture, are the goals of this thesis and are reported in the following pages