La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes a la nueva luz de Barcarrota

El ejemplar único de la edición de Medina del Campo de 1554 de la Vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y sus fortuna y adversidades , impresa por Mateo y Francisco del Canto , que es ahora la joya de la Biblioteca de Bancarrota, nos dice hoy muchas cosas sobre esta espléndida obra...

Histopathology and prognosis of de novo bladder tumors following solid organ transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Patients following solid organ transplantation have an increased risk of developing de novo bladder tumors, but their biology is poorly characterized. METHODS: We studied 1743 patients who underwent a transurethral resection of a newly diagnosed bladder tumor at a single institution. The histopathology, treatment, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were evaluated and compared between transplant and non-transplant patients. RESULTS: We identified 74 transplant patients who developed a de novo bladder tumor after a median post-transplantation interval of 62 months. The tumor was malignant in 29 patients (39 %). The most common benign lesion was nephrogenic adenoma (84 %), which neither coexisted with nor developed into malignant tumors during follow-up. Compared with non-transplant patients (n = 1669), transplant patients were significantly younger (median 55 vs 69 years, P < 0.001) and had a 9.0-fold higher odds of benign tumors (P < 0.001), while there were no differences in pathology among patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). In a multivariable analysis for non-muscle-invasive UCB that was adjusted for the risk group, patients with a transplant had a 1.8-fold increased risk of recurrence (P = 0.048). Four of five transplant patients did not respond to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillations. There were no differences in overall survival after radical cystectomy (P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of bladder tumors in transplant patients are benign, and they neither coexist with nor develop into malignant tumors. Transplant patients with non-muscle-invasive UCB show an increased risk of disease recurrence, while those treated with radical cystectomy have similar outcomes to patients without a transplant.

Conflict over multiple-partner mating between males and females of the polygynandrous common lizards.

The optimal number of mate partners for females rarely coincides with that for males, leading to a potential sexual conflict over multiple-partner mating. This suggests that the population sex ratio may affect multiple-partner mating and thus multiple paternity. We investigate the relationship between multiple paternity and the population sex ratio in the polygynandrous common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). In six populations the adult sex ratio was biased toward males, and in another six populations the adult sex ratio was biased toward females, the latter corresponding to the average adult sex ratio encountered in natural populations. In males the frequency and the degree of polygyny were lower in male-biased populations, as expected if competition among males determines polygyny. In females the frequency of polyandry was not different between treatments, and polyandrous females produced larger clutches, suggesting that polyandry might be adaptive. However, in male-biased populations females suffered from reduced reproductive success compared to female-biased populations, and the number of mate partners increased with female body size in polyandrous females. Polyandrous females of male-biased populations showed disproportionately more mating scars, indicating that polyandrous females of male-biased populations had more interactions with males and suggesting that the degree of multiple paternity is controlled by male sexual harassment. Our results thus imply that polyandry may be hierarchically controlled, with females controlling when to mate with multiple partners and male sexual harassment being a proximate determinant of the degree of multiple paternity. The results are also consistent with a sexual conflict in which male behaviors are harmful to females.

La connaissance est un réseau: perspective sur l'organisation archivistique et encyclopédique

L'analyse de réseau ne transforme pas nos objets d'étude, elle transforme le regard que le chercheur porte sur ceux-ci. Organisée en réseau, l'information devient relationnelle. Elle rend possible en puissance la création d'une nouvelle connaissance, à l'image d'une encyclopédie dont les liens entre les notices tissent une toile dont on peut analyser les caractéristiques structurelles ou d'un répertoire d'archives qui voit sa hiérarchie bouleversée par un index qui recompose le réseau d'échange d'information à l'intérieur d'un groupe de personnes. Sur la base de deux exemples d'outils de gestion, conservation et valorisation de la connaissance, l'encyclopédie en ligne Wikipédia et les archives de la coopération intellectuelle de la Société des Nations, cet article questionne le rapport entre le chercheur et son objet compris dans sa globalité.

Neuroprotection by selective neuronal deletion of Atg7 in neonatal brain injury.

Perinatal asphyxia induces neuronal cell death and brain injury, and is often associated with irreversible neurological deficits in children. There is an urgent need to elucidate the neuronal death mechanisms occurring after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We here investigated the selective neuronal deletion of the Atg7 (autophagy related 7) gene on neuronal cell death and brain injury in a mouse model of severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neuronal deletion of Atg7 prevented HI-induced autophagy, resulted in 42% decrease of tissue loss compared to wild-type mice after the insult, and reduced cell death in multiple brain regions, including apoptosis, as shown by decreased caspase-dependent and -independent cell death. Moreover, we investigated the lentiform nucleus of human newborns who died after severe perinatal asphyxia and found increased neuronal autophagy after severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy compared to control uninjured brains, as indicated by the numbers of MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3)-, LAMP1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1)-, and CTSD (cathepsin D)-positive cells. These findings reveal that selective neuronal deletion of Atg7 is strongly protective against neuronal death and overall brain injury occurring after HI and suggest that inhibition of HI-enhanced autophagy should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human newborns developing severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Josep Dalmau, promotor dels convents de carmelites descalços de Barcelona

La figura de l'eminent ciutadà barceloní Josep Dalmau (1554-1633) és prou interessant en el seu aspecte de protector de diverses comunitats de religiosos de la Barcelona de l'època, com per a merèixer un extens estudi que ens ajudi a establir quin va ser l'abast del seu patronatge. Així va ser entès ja quan li fou dedicada una especial atenció en la publicació feta per commemorar el tercer centenari de l'església dels 'Josepets' de Gràcia1 . El nostre propòsit ara és ampliar en alguns aspectes les informacions aportades en aquesta monografia, sobretot pel que fa a la protecció que exercí envers els carmelites descalços -tema de la nostra tesi doctoral, en procés d'execució-. Les principals fonts documentals utilitzades no podrien ser més directes; es tracta dels quatre llibres -existia un cinquè, avui en dia perdut- de registre escrits de mà del propi Dalmau (conservats a l'Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó), on feia constar totes les seves despeses i ingressos, a més d'un llibre de memòries en el qual trobem les seves dades biogràfiques més importants2 . D'altra banda, comptem també amb els annals dels carmelites descalços a Catalunya escrits

Seisakhtheía [kreikkaa] Solonis

Invocatio: Q.F.S.F.Q.

De vigilia et somno

Invocatio: Praevio numine vero! - Ded.: Olaus Cavallius, Andreas Goeding, Johannes Colliander, M. M., Andreas Ingerman, Magnus Fiorin, Benedictus Littorin.

De conservatione reipublicae et praesertim monarchiae

Invocatio: In nomine Domini.

De jure poenarum

Invocatio: D.A.G.

Diagnóstico biológico e molecular e análise da seqüência de nucleotídeos do gene da proteína capsidial de um isolado do Apple stem pitting virus

O Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) foi detectado por RT-PCR em amostras de cultivares de pereiras européias (Pyrus communis L.) cvs. Starkrimson e Abate Fetel, e asiáticas (P. pyrifolia var. culta) cvs. Kousui e Housui coletadas no início do outono de 2003 em pomar da Estação Experimental da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Vacaria, RS. Utilizando várias combinações de oligonucleotídeos, foram amplificados fragmentos de DNA de 269 e 1554 pb, este último contendo o gene completo (1131 nt) da proteína capsidial do ASPV. Outro fragmento amplificado de 291 pb compreende parte do gene da polimerase viral. Estes fragmentos constituem-se em um excelente instrumento de diagnóstico do ASPV em pereiras. A comparação das seqüências de nucleotídeos do gene da proteína capsidial do ASPV com seqüências do banco de dados GenBank, revelou identidades de 89% com seqüências de um isolado alemão de macieira e de 85 a 88% com isolados poloneses, de pereiras. A indicadora herbácea Nicotiana occidentalis cv. 37B, inoculada mecanicamente com extrato foliar da cv. Housui, apresentou lesões locais necróticas, necrose foliar marginal e das nervuras. O ASPV também foi detectado por dot-ELISA nas cvs. Abate Fetel e Kousui, na cv. Starkrimson por imunoblot, e em Pyronia veitchii (Trabut) Guill. por enxertia de borbulhas da cv. Abate Fetel infetada.

Efeito do potássio na fase de rustificação de mudas clonais de eucalipto

A aplicação de K está muitas vezes relacionada ao processo de rustificação, que tem por objetivo adaptar a muda às condições de plantio no campo. Neste sentido, este experimento foi conduzido visando avaliar o efeito do K na qualidade de mudas de três clones híbridos de Eucalyptus (E. grandis x E. urophylla). O experimento foi instalado no viveiro de mudas da empresa CENIBRA. As doses de potássio utilizadas foram: 0, 249, 747, 1494 e 2988 mg L-1. Aos 87 e 88 dias, foram avaliadas a altura da parte aérea, incremento em diâmetro de colo, relação altura da parte aérea/diâmetro de colo, concentração de K nas folhas e a relação N/K nas folhas. A aplicação de K na fase de rustificação aumentou, até determinada dose, o diâmetro de colo para os três clones avaliados, mas não se verificou influência do K na altura. A ausência de K resultou nos maiores valores da relação altura: diâmetro de colo para os três clones avaliados, ao passo que em mudas onde o K foi aplicado, esta relação apresentou valores menores e semelhantes. A aplicação de doses crescentes de K aumentou as concentrações foliares do nutriente. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram valores da relação N/K dentro do considerado adequado, exceto na maior dose de K aplicada. Conclui-se que, durante a fase de rustificação, a adubação potássica é recomendável, sendo indicada a dose de 249 mg L-1 de K por proporcionar os maiores valores em incremento de diâmetro de colo.

L'Univers

1871/09/16 (Numéro 1554).

L'Univers

1871/07/17 (Numéro 1494).